Advanced GasificationMaximizing Resources : Minimizing Waste

SWANA Nova Scotia

15th May 2019

Pivotal IRM4464 Markham Street, Victoria, BC, V9Z 7X8

Email: ccorps@pivotalirm.comPhone: 250.294.0390

www.pivotalirm.com

White Castle, Louisiana : ≈48 Tonnes/dayCommenced operations : 2014

"Advanced Gasification … converts waste into usable products athigh temperatures, without combustion or oxygen."

Community Waste Handling Example

Waste Gasification Outputs Usable resourceConversion

Landfill≈55%

Landfill≈55%

Before

Landfill≈10%

Landfill≈10%

After

≈90%

Div

ers

ion

≈90%

Div

ers

ion

≈45%

Div

ers

ion

≈45%

Div

ers

ion

Energy LoopEnergy Loop

ThermalOxidizer

ThermalOxidizerSyngasSyngas

Biochar,Char & Ash

Biochar,Char & Ash

PowerPower

DistrictHeating

DistrictHeating

DistrictCooling

DistrictCooling

DistilledWater

DistilledWater

FertilizerFertilizer

RecyclablesRecyclablesBlue BoxBlue Box

PowerUnit

PowerUnit

SewageSludge

SewageSludge

Sorting,Pre-Process

Sorting,Pre-Process

Kitchen, Yard& Garden

Kitchen, Yard& Garden

MSWMSW

WoodBiomass

WoodBiomass

OtherBiomass

OtherBiomass

AdvancedGasification

AdvancedGasification

Experience: very high rate of public acceptance

Solution : Advanced Gasification's Multi-Fuel, PolygenerationNova Scotia's Waste-to-Energy Direction

Diesel

Gasoline

Naphtha

Jet fuel

Synthetic fuels

Methanol

Hydrogen

Slash residualwood waste

Slash residualwood waste

Demolitionwood waste

Demolitionwood waste

Municipalsolid waste

Municipalsolid waste

BiosolidsBiosolids

Agricultural wasteAgricultural waste

F.O.G. & othercarbonic waste

F.O.G. & othercarbonic waste

Coal, oil etc.Coal, oil etc.

Sewage sludgeSewage sludge

AdvancedGasification

AdvancedGasification

Heating,Cooling

Heating,Cooling

ElectricityElectricity

RNG/SNGRNG/SNG

WaterWater

BiocharBiochar

TraditionalDiversion

AdvancedGasification

MSW Diversion Comparison

63%Reused/

recycled

37%Landfilled

Max. 97%Reused/

recycled

3%Landfilled

Blue Box Re-use Recycle Landfill

Solution : Advanced Gasification's Multi-Fuel, PolygenerationNova Scotia's Waste-to-Energy Direction

Type Tonnes %

Dry

Tonnes %

Fibre 38,528 13.6% 25,043 16.3%

Organics 68,627 24.1% 24,019 15.6%

Plastics 59,258 20.9% 53,333 34.7%

Textiles 25,170 8.9% 14,095 9.2%

C&D 26,824 9.4% 10,730 7.0%

SCW 26,854 9.4% 10,742 7.0%

Other 38,910 13.7% 15,564 10.1%

284,172 153,526

GuysboroughKaizer MeadowCumberlandColchesterOtter LakeQueensWest Hants

Water :≈130,000 tonnes

≈46% of measured waste

W2E : Not the Only Consideration

Source: http://www.b-t-einc.com/municipal-waste-to-energy.htm

Technology ≈mWe to gridMass burn (incineration) 600 kWh / tonne MSWPyrolysis 629 kWh / tonne MSWPyrolysis/gasification 755 kWh / tonne MSWConventional gasification 755 kWh / tonne MSWRotoGasifier 755 kWh / tonne MSWPlasma arc gasification 899 kWh / tonne MSWFluidized bed 1,170 kWh / tonne MSW

Unlikely to generate char

W2E : RNG/SNG ChallengeRising Demand : Questionable Focus

Fluidized Bed AG

Existing plant

Operating since 2014

Actual $$$, scaled

Anaerobic digestion

Planned project

Based on actual plant

Winning bid $$$, scaled

RotoGasifier AG

Planned project

Guaranteed contract

Contractor $$$, scaled

LouisianaGothenburg #1

CRD/Hartland

BUT: Only ≈15% of waste volume suitable for RNG in Nova ScotiaBUT: Only ≈15% of waste volume suitable for RNG in Nova Scotia

Total life cycle cost, 25 yrs, 2018 $$

-C$456m

-C$245m

C$87m

-C$500m -C$400m -C$300m -C$200m -C$100m C$0m C$100m C$200m

Anaerobic Digester

Fluidized Bed

Roto Gasifier

Total life cycle GHG reduction, CO2e

22,442 tCO2e

22,442 tCO2e

92,872 tCO2e

0 tCO2e 25,000 tCO2e 50,000 tCO2e 75,000 tCO2e 100,000 tCO2e

Anaerobic Digester

Fluidized Bed

Roto Gasifier

RNG/SNG : Life Cycle Comparison, ≈300GJ RNG Plant

Preliminary estimate based on BC model & analysis. Actual results will vary by application and province.

Plant & Development History

Example: Güssing Austria

Problems ►Solution : Advanced Gasification

50 years alongside the iron curtain to Hungary

Small structured agriculture, no industry

Poor transportation infrastructure

High unemployment rate : 70% commuters

High rate of migration : declining population

Benefit

Project cost: ≈C$19.6m

Energy benefit

Before: -C$9.3m buying energy

After: +C$20.4m energy sales

Net difference: +C$29.7m

45% self sufficient on energy

If 100% self sufficiency: C$55.5m

BUT other benefits more valuable

More than 50 new companies

More than 1,500 new jobs netting C$13.5m a year

NB: Europe's far higher energy FIT• Lesson : Always do site-specific analysis Eco tourismEco tourismDemonstration plantsDemonstration plants

R&DR&D TrainingTraining

ServicesServicesEconomic spin-offEconomic spin-off

Waycross, Georgia – ≈1,000 tonnes/dayWorld's largest biomass pellet plantPyrolysis-phase project, operating since 2011

Waycross, Georgia – ≈1,000 tonnes/dayWorld's largest biomass pellet plantPyrolysis-phase project, operating since 2011

Demonstration unit, California ≈240kg/dayPhysically test & prove that wastes will work before major $$$ commitment

Demonstration unit, California ≈240kg/dayPhysically test & prove that wastes will work before major $$$ commitment

The Potential : Nova Scotia

Nova Scotia tonnage/yr, wet 284,172 tonnes

Dry @ ≈54% 153,453 tonnes

Gasification suitable, @ max 87% 133,504 tonnes

Char suitable 86,778 tonnes

Electrical Thermal Char

Yield per annum 100,796 mwh 431,218 mwh 26,033 tonnes

Face generating capacity 11.5mw 49.2mw

Estimates based on available information.

Louisiana Gasifier in operationLouisiana Gasifier in operation

Note : small plant sizeNote : small plant size

Landfill GHG CurveAnnual methane emissions, by year of waste deposition in the landfill

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

1 4 7 10 13 16 19 22 25 28 31 34 37 40 43 46 49 52 55 58 61 64 67 70 73 76 79 82 85 88 91 94 97 100 103 106 109 112 115 118 121 124 127 130 133 136 139 142 145 148

E.g., this is the methane emitted each year from the decomposition of the waste deposited in 2044 (25th year of the project)

Summary

Technology

Fluidized Bed – typically ≈4.6mwt/tonne• Mainly biofuel projects

Roto-Gasifier - typically ≈3.23mwt/tonne• Flexible feedstocks, highly scalable

Both near-silent, no odour; emissions ≈natural gas

Implementation steps

Initial evaluation & estimate

Test & prove feedstocks and operation

Contract, guarantee & implement

Procurement

Currently the largest challenge

44 tonnes/day

240kg/day

Major partners & contributors to developing Advanced Gasification

Management & Strategic Partners

Main strategic partners

TSI Corp., West Biofuels & Pivotal IRM

University of California at San Diego & Davis

Technical University of Vienna

Plus: European experience, plants & partners

Woodland, CaliforniaGüssing, Austria

Fluidized Bed CircleDraft

20m20m

3sto

reys