advanced geostationary sounders · 2008-09-26 · for severe weather, pollution, global weather,...
TRANSCRIPT
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Advanced Geostationary SoundersAdvanced Geostationary SoundersW. L. W. L. SmithSmith1,21,2, , H.E. RevercombH.E. Revercomb22, S. , S. KireevKireev1 1 , A. M. Larar, A. M. Larar33, and D. K. Zhou, and D. K. Zhou33
11Hampton UniversityHampton University22University University of of WisconsinWisconsin
22NASA NASA LaRCLaRC
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Geostationary Atmospheric Sounder EvolutionGeostationary Atmospheric Sounder EvolutionNimbus 3 & 4
IRIS/SIRSIRIS/SIRS(1969-1972)
Nimbus 5/ITPRITPRITOS/VTPRITOS/VTPR
Nimbus 6/NOAA HIRSHIRSGOES/VAS & HIRSGOES/VAS & HIRS
(1972-2010)
High Resolution Interferometer Sounder (HISHIS)
(1985- )
Aircraft 3-dFTS SoundingDemonstration
METOP-IASIIASI(2006 ) [LEO]
GIFTS-EDU (2006)
First SatelliteSounder Spectrometers
Geostationary4-d ImagingFTS Sounder
High Horizontal Resolution
Lab. Demonstrationof Concept
1st Operational Satellite 3-dFTS Sounder
GIFTS? GIFTS? MTG-IRS, others
NASTNAST--I / SHISI / SHIS(1998 - )
Adv.Geo-SounderA/C Demonstrator
1st Groundbased4-d Imaging FTSDemonstration
GOES-HIS (GHIS)Replaced Filter Wheel
with FTS(1996)
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Water vapor weighting function
Satellite UltraSatellite Ultra‐‐spectral Soundersspectral Sounders
Temperature weighting function
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Importance of GeoImportance of Geo--Imaging FTSImaging FTS
Geostationary Imaging FTS measurement capability is key to improving the quality and timeliness of forecasts for severe weather, pollution, global weather, and
climate
• Convective Storms/Tornadoes
• Hurricane Landfall Location and Time
• Global Numerical Weather Prediction(Temperature, Water Vapor & Wind Profiles)
• Pollutant Gases (CO, O3)
• Greenhouse Gases (H2O, CO2, O3)
• Cloud Properties
(Height, Particle Size, Optical Depth)
•El Nino / La Nina
(Ocean Temp & Winds)
• Pollutant Gases (CO, O3)
• Greenhouse Gases (H2O, CO2, O3)
• Pollutant Gases
(CO & O3 )
•Greenhouse Gases
(H2O, CO2, O3, CH4)
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4-d Water Vapor Imaging Geo-FTS
Three Dimensional Moisture Flux & Wind ObservationsThree Dimensional Moisture Flux & Wind ObservationsObservation of Atmospheric Dynamics Observation of Atmospheric Dynamics
3-d Wind Vector Distribution
Atmospheric Thermodynamic Stability ChangeAtmospheric Thermodynamic Stability Change
X SoundingX Sounding
Thermodynamic Stabilty (LI) Atmospheric Sounding Dynamics(LI)
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High Vertical Resolution Provided by Ultraspectral Resolution Radiance Spectra
• Spectrum
High Vertical High Vertical Resolution Resolution
Sounding ConceptSounding Concept
High spectral resolution and broad spectral coverage enables high
system S/N for providing accurate de-convolution of vertically
smeared thermal radiance signals
300
Several thousand spectral channels are observed to profile the atmosphere with high vertical resolution
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PC Statistical RetrievalPC Statistical Retrieval
a(T,Rh) = G(A,R) r(T,Rh,Ts,εs, gases,,)– a is a vector of atmospheric state pc scores– G(A,R) is a regression matrix relating atmospheric profiles (A) to LBLRTM
calculated IASI radiance spectra (R) for a statistically representative set of surface and atmospheric profile conditions
– r is a vector of radiance pc scores
R = R*Trν– R* is a matrix of radiance spectra PCs, R*T being the transpose of R*– rν is a vector of radiances (i.e., an individual radiance spectrum)
T/Rh = a(T,Rh) A*– T/Rh is a vector of the temperature (T) and humidity (Rh) profile values, plus sfc T,
sfc emissivity PC scores, etc.– A* is a matrix of atmospheric state PCs
Initial Profile PC Regression Retrieval:
LBLRTM IASI simulated radiance and atmospheric statistics defined from statistical sample of radiosondes *10 randomly selected surface temperature/emissivity
conditions per radiosonde sounding
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Given: R = R*TrνT/Rh = aA*
The Physical Solution is:
an+1= a0+(KnTSε(R)
-1Kn+λSa-1)-1Kn
TSε(R)-1 [Rm-R(an)+Kn(an-a0)]
Where:Sε(R)= R*TE(rν)Sa=A*TS(T,Rh) (with T/Rh covariances set = 0 )Kn= [δR(a)/δa]nλ=Lagrangian multiplier
PC Physical RetrievalPC Physical Retrieval1-d VariationalPhysical PC-score Retrieval:
Two step physical retrieval: (1) solve for an improved relative humidity profile, assuming all the temperature profile PC score Jacobians are zero (i.e. temperature fixed to initial regression solution)(2) simultaneous solution for the final T and Rh PC scores.
• LBLRTM used for background radiance and Jacobian calculation• ~ 4000 spectral channels (0.5 cm-1 spacing)• No Bias Correction
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IASI Mean Radiance
wavenumber1000 1500 2000 2500
TB (K)
200
220
240
260
280
300
320
Residual, Bias
wavenumber1000 1500 2000 2500
δTB (K)
-10
-5
0
5
Regr.Retr.Phys.Retr. − IPhys.Retr. − II
___
Residual, SE
wavenumber1000 1500 2000 2500
σTB (K)
0
1
2
3
4
5
Regr. Retr.Phys.Retr. − IPhys.Retr. − II
96 Spectra
96 Retrievals
Radiance Residual Mean and Standard Deviation (96 Retrievals)Radiance Residual Mean and Standard Deviation (96 Retrievals)
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IASI Retrievals at CART-site (19 April, 2007, 03:30 UTC)
IASI @ 03:30 UT IASI @ 03:30 UT
Resolves Inversions
Resolves Inversions
Variational Solution (EOF regression guess) using LBLRTM w/o Bias Correction
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1 2 34 5 6
7 8
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Imaging Ultra-spectral FTS Vs Multi-spectral IRImaging Ultra-spectral FTS Vs Multi-spectral IR
Simulate ABI/MSG via Spectral Convolution of IASI
IASI
IASI IASI
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IASI(full)
ABI&
MSG
IASI(2x2)
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ABI&
MSG
IASI(2x2)
IASI(full)
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44--d Digital Camera:d Digital Camera:Horizontal:Horizontal: Large area format Focal
Plane detector Arrays Vertical:Vertical: Fourier Transform
SpectrometerTime: Time: Geostationary
Satellite
“GIFTS”
Geostationary Imaging Fourier Transform SpectrometerGeostationary Imaging Fourier Transform SpectrometerUltraspectral Instrument for Atmospheric Temperature, Moisture, Chemistry, &
WindsProvides ~ 80,000 Atmospheric Soundings every minute
The opportunity for greatly improved environmental
forecasts
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IASI Demonstrates IASI Demonstrates UltraspectralUltraspectralCapability to Observe 3Capability to Observe 3--D HD H22O StructureO Structure
(US on April 29, 2007)(US on April 29, 2007)
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• 1999: GIFTS was selected from a competitive process for the NASA New Millennium Program (NMP) Earth Observing 3 (EO-3) mission.
- GIFTS had significant programmatic risk related to technology development and to securing a geosynchronous spacecraft with limited funding. NASA partnered with the U.S. Navy to secure spacecraft.
• 2004: The GIFTS flight project was terminated as a result of a Navy budget shortfall and changing priorities.• 2006: The GIFTS was completed as an EDU and successfully tested by upward viewing of the sky and the moon.
GIFTS Program BackgroundGIFTS Program Background
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GIFTS Single SampleSpectrally Random Noise
EDU Threshold
EDU Goal
Cold Test 3
Cold Test 2
GIFTS TGIFTS T‐‐V Tests Show That HES LW Band Measurements With V Tests Show That HES LW Band Measurements With Required S/N &High Operability Are AchievableRequired S/N &High Operability Are Achievable
Significance:- Can achieve IASI-like radiometric performance for 4 km spatial footprints covering 500x500 km field every 12 seconds. - Coverage about 40 x faster than GOES, 5-6 times faster at full spectral resolution, all with spatial footprints that are 4 times smaller in area and contiguous.
LW
FPA
Ope
rabi
lity
LW
FPA
Ope
rabi
lity
1.0
1.20
0.8LW FPA Responsivity
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InterferogramInterferogram Scan MovieScan Movie
DC output of the LWdetector array duringone >109 sample(66,276 point /pixel)interferogram scan(11 sec)
Movie made froma sequence of every50th Frame(1325 frames)
135 meters @10 km altitude
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Moon Imaging Demonstration
Moon viewing/tracking demonstrates the GIFTS imaging spectrometer capability. Lunar and sky measurements are obtained with the GIFTS visible and two infrared spectral
bands. Data recorded at 05:50 MST on 11 September 2006 in Logan, Utah.
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GIFTS Vs AERI(Logan UT, Sept. 13, 2006)
0500 LST
1400 LST
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GIFTS Vs Radiosonde (Logan UT, Sept. 13, 2006)
5 AM 2 PM 5 AM 2 PM
10 minute interval 90 minute interval
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Temperature & Humidity ImagesSeptember 13, 2006 (10 min. interval: 5 AM – 2 PM)
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GIFTSGIFTS-- A Technical SuccessA Technical Success
• All technologies successfully integrated to create a revolutionary Geostationary Satellite Imaging Spectrometer, fully tested and characterized in a space (T/V) chamber
• Accurate radiometric data demonstrated through direct comparisons with AERI
• High resolution temperature and moisture sounding capability demonstrated through ground-based sky viewing measurements
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Advanced Geostationary SoundersAdvanced Geostationary Sounders‐‐SummarySummary
• IR Imaging FTS Technology is now proven• The ability to achieve the Geo science measurement objectives have been demonstrated with IASI
• Advanced geostationary sounding capability will greatly improve severe weather forecasts, thereby saving lives and property, as well as provide data useful for improving extended range, air quality, and climate predictions.
• Its time to get this proven technology and revolutionary measurement capability into orbit ASAP!