ALTERNATE FUELS

Alcohols , Vegetable oils and bio-diesel, Bio-gas, Natural Gas, Liquefied Petroleum Gas, Hydrogen, Properties, Suitability, Engine Modifications, Performance, Combustion and Emission Characteristics of SI and CI Engines using these alternate fuels.

Alternative Fuels

• Alcohols• Vegetable oils• Biodiesel• Biogas• Natural gas• Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG)• Hydrogen

Alternative fuels in Engine

Alcohols for SI engines

Alcohols having antiknock characteristic compared to gasoline because higher compression ratio of 11:1 and 13:1 to 7:1 or 9:1. Alcohol produces fewer harmful exhaust emissions. It contains about half the heat energy of gasoline per liter. A carburetor or fuel injector fuel passages should be doubled in are to allow extra fuel flow.

It does not vaporize as easily and its latent heat of vaporization is much greater. This affects cold weather starting.

Alcohols for SI engines

Water Gasoline Mixture for SI engine.

Alcohols for CI engines

Hydrogen in CI engine

Hydrogen induction in spark ignition engine

CNG in SI engine

LPG in SI engine

LPG in CI engine

Typical LPG propane fuel feed system

Bio gas in SI engine

Bio gas in CI engine

Schematic diagram of Experimental Setup

Performance of Alternative Fuels

a) BP VS SFC b) BP VS Brake Thermal Efficiency

Brake Power kWBrake Power kW

Performance of Alternative Fuels Emission

c) BP VS Indicated Thermal Efficiency a) BP VS Carbon dioxide

Brake Power kW Brake Power kW

Emission

b) BP VS Nox c) BP VS Unburned HC

Brake Power kW

Brake Power kW