advanced light source - upgrade - medsi€¦ · sample holder cryostat theta phi y x y x pinhole...
TRANSCRIPT
Rob DuarteMechanical Engineering Department Head
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
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Advanced Light Source - Upgrade
Outline
• qRIXS Spectrometer
• COSMIC Scattering Endstation
• The ALS upgrade (ALS-U) concept
• ALS-U Planning and Developments
2
Outline
• qRIXS Spectrometer
• COSMIC Scattering Endstation
• The ALS upgrade (ALS-U) concept
• ALS-U Planning and Developments
3
Small Project Engineering4
qRIXS Spectrometer Design
• Resonant Inelastic X-Ray Scattering (RIXS) with the capability to vary the momentum transfer (q) (qRIXS)
Small Project Engineering
Background - Endstation Overview
• Scientific goals• Overview of endstation project goals• Key components of design
– Optical layout & Design– “Kinematic” interchangeable mounting system– Detector positioning - Swing arm design
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Small Project Engineering
Scientific goals
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• Energy Range 100 eV - 1.2 KeV
• Moderate resolving power, High through put– Resolving power >5,000 @ O K edge (540eV)
drops to ~3,300 at 1,000eV
SHADOW simulation showing the resolving power at 540eV (left panel) and 800eV (right panel).
<ki,ωi| |kf,ωf>
Small Project Engineering
Scientific goals & Design Requirements
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• Compact size – Opportunity to use several spectrometers
simultaneously to cover a large horizontal angle
• Modular Design– Easy to transport, setup, align
• Design trade off– Resolving power usually scales with the length – Throughput usually scales inversely with the
length squared
Small Project Engineering8
Background Endstation Overview
• Endstation will have capability to accommodate spectrometers on all 5 ports
Small Project Engineering9
Background Endstation Overview
• Three spectrometers for first installation
Small Project Engineering10
Background Endstation Overview
• Endstation will have capability to accommodate spectrometers on all 5 ports
Ion pump and mounting spool are stationary.Reduces sprung massProvides stationary support in vacuum chamber for Laser and THz Optics
∅ 40” Kaydon Bearing± 13º of rotation
Small Project Engineering10
Background Endstation Overview
• Endstation will have capability to accommodate spectrometers on all 5 ports
Ion pump and mounting spool are stationary.Reduces sprung massProvides stationary support in vacuum chamber for Laser and THz Optics
∅ 40” Kaydon Bearing± 13º of rotation
Small Project Engineering11
Spectrometer Layout
Upstream Vacuum AssyOptics Chamber
Kinematic Mount
Composite Swing Arm
Detector
• Spectrometer Envelope Dimensions: 74” Length x 17” Width x 28” Height • Horizontal acceptance 74 mr
Spherical pre-mirror
VLS Plane grating
Small Project Engineering12
Spectrometer Fundamentals
Beam Dimension A (mm) Angle B (⁰)Zero Order 1100 88
1200eV 1100.9 85.7
200eV 1094 80
100eV 1086 75.91
900mm
88⁰
*88.5⁰
Zero Order
1200eV
200eV
100eV
100mm A
B
Spherical Mirror
GratingCCD
Source
* For Zero Order, grating angle is set to 88º
Engineering Division13
Spectrometer Full Beam Capacity
• Full Beam Fan:– 74mrad Horizontal Divergence
• Source to Grating Center = 1000mm• Grating Clear Aperture= 74mm
X-Ray Beam
LBL 5 Chip CCDActive area 15.2 mmx 35.1 mm 5 micron vertical pixel size
Mirror
Grating
C
Beam Full Beam Width @ Detector (C)
Zero Order 155.42
1200eV 155.44
200eV 154.28
100eV 152.74
Small Project Engineering14
Background Endstation Overview
Based on Hettrick-Underwood layout, Aluminum wire seal based on Cornell process
Small Project Engineering15
Optics Positioning Requirements
• Spherical Mirror Alignment & Adjustment
• Grating Alignment & Adjustment
Required Alignment Tolerance (Desired Value) In Process Adjustment Required
X 500µm (100µm) N/A
Y 500µm (100µm) N/A
Z 25µm (10µm) N/A
θx 0.01⁰ +/-0.5⁰ (0.002⁰Resolu)on)
θy 0.05⁰(0.01⁰) N/A
θz N/A N/A
Required Alignment Tolerance (Desired Value) In Process Adjustment Required
X 500µm (200µm) N/A
Y 200µm N/A
Z 25µm (10µm) N/A
θx 0.02⁰ +/-0.5⁰ (0.002⁰Resolu)on)
θy 0.01⁰ N/A
θz 0.05⁰ N/A
Small Project Engineering16
Mirror & Grating Assembly
• Relative position set by solid aluminum mount fabricated & bolted to optics chamber lid.– Approximate Overall Dimensions: 5.5” L x 6.2” W x 3.4” H 25 micron
• 6 DOF adjustability on Mirror and Grating:– Siskiyou Adjustment Screws ¼”-100– Spring plungers & shoulder screws with spring provide reaction force
• Riverhawk Flex Pivot for pitch adjustment
Small Project Engineering17
Kinematic Mounting & Chamber Support
• 6 point 3-2-1 mount hardened contact surfaces
• 6 Flat surfaces on endstation side• 6 Convex (large radius) surfaces
on the spectrometer side
• Both sides aligned to an artifact on the CMM
Endstation turntable mounting
Engineering Division18
Adjustable Bolt Concept
Endstation side (blue)mounted to turn table
Spectrometer side (grey)mounted to spectrometer chamber
Engineering Division19
Adjustable Bolt Concept
• 6 point 3-2-1 mount - Spectrometer side
3 Vertical mounting points One inverted to take advantage of the mass of the spectrometer for nesting load
2 Horizontal along the beam direction
1 Horizontal perpendicular
Engineering Division20
Adjustable Bolt Concept
• 6 point 3-2-1 mount - Spectrometer side
3 Vertical mounting points One inverted to take advantage of the mass of the spectrometer for nesting load
2 Horizontal along the beam direction
1 Horizontal perpendicular
Engineering Division21
Adjustable Bolt Concept
• 6 point 3-2-1 mount - Endstation side
3 Vertical mounting points One inverted to take advantage of the mass of the spectrometer for nesting load
2 Horizontal along the beam direction
1 Horizontal perpendicular
Small Project Engineering22
Endstation with kinematic mount
Small Project Engineering23
Detector Positioning
• Sides Panels – CN60 1.2mm facesheets enclosing ½” honeycomb
• Top & Bottom Panels:– 2mm solid CN60 Panels– Aluminum Panels for Screw Jack, Linear Slide and Linear Stage Mount
• Modular Design:– Inserts & spacing to allow for interchangeable top & bottom panels
Worm Gear Screw Jack – Load Capacity: 1,000lbs – 20 to 1 Gear Ratio
Motor: IMS Double Stack Rotation Range: +/- 6⁰
Angular contact bearings and rotary encoder
Composite Swing Arm
Small Project Engineering24
Swing Arm Concept
FreeBodyDiagramFreeBodyDiagramFreeBodyDiagramWdet 39.4lbfddet 48inWvac 25.4lbfdvac 36in
Ws 10lbfds 25.6indb 8.53inθB 75.5Rb 358.92lbfRy -15.07lbfRx 347.49lbfRbearing 347.82lbf
Vacuum line tied to structure 2X
BC: Free to Rotate about Z-Axis
BC: Fixed in X
Detector
1G Vertical
1G Lateral
θb
• Material Trade– Composite vs. Aluminum– H/C vs. Solid laminate– Quasi-isotropic Layups
• Stiffness Check– Stability and Deflection– 1G Lateral and Vertical– Ground vibration response
• Strength Check– Interface loads– FE Global strains
Small Project Engineering25
Swing Arm Analysis - Results
• Stability– ALS base level input– FE Model transmissibility– RMS δ Requirement, 1.44µm– RMS δ Prediction, 0.07µm
1st Vert Mode
47 Hz
1st Lateral Mode
29.6 Hz
Small Project Engineering26
Summary
• At least 6 spectrometers have been built and installed in various endstations
• 3 will be installed on qRIXS
Small Project Engineering27
Thank You
Outline
• qRIXS Spectrometer
• COSMIC Scattering Endstation
• The ALS upgrade (ALS-U) concept
• ALS-U Planning and Developments
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Engineering Division29
Conceptual Design Review D. Arbelaez, D. Baum, K. Chow, R. Duarte, S. Roy, K. Hanzel, Z. Hussain, S. Kevan, T. Miller, Tk Ki, J.
Pepper, T. Warwick
COSMIC Scattering Endstation
Engineering Division
COSMIC SCATTERING ENDSTATION
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Vertical scattering geometry with multiple
sample, pinhole & detector motions. The
endstation will have the ability to apply a
magnetic field, heat the sample and cool
cryogenic temperatures.
Engineering Division
COSMIC SCATTERING ENDSTATION
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Engineering Division
COSMIC SCATTERING ENDSTATION
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X
YMagnet
Detector Positioning System
Cold Finger
Engineering Division
COSMIC SCATTERING ENDSTATION
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MagnetDetector Positioning System
Cold Finger
Sample transfer from bottom
Engineering Division
Overview Sample Motion
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In vacuum breadboard isolated to floor
Sample holder
Cryostat
Theta Phi
Y
X
Y
X
Pinhole
• The sample shall have a minimum travel range of +/-3.5mm in the X direction.• The sample shall have a minimum travel range of +/-2mm in the Y direction.• The sample shall have a minimum grazing angular range (theta) of -5 to 150 degrees with respect to the beam
with a .005 degree resolution.• Sample rotation (phi) shall be accomplished with the sample transfer.
Engineering Division
Overview Pinhole
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In vacuum breadboard isolated to floor
Sample holder
Cryostat
Y
X
Y
X
Pinhole
The standard pinhole size will be 5 microns.The end station shall be able to select between 2 pinhole settings and full beam. The sample and the pinhole shall stay aligned to each other in the X and Y directions within 100 nanometers or better over a minimum of 60 minutes.The pinhole shall stay aligned to the beam to within 1 micron or better over a minimum of 2 hours.The system shall accommodate a sample with a maximum size of 7 mm in diameter and 1 mm thick.
Engineering Division
Overview Interferometery
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interferometer required to track sample and pinhole
location
H - on axis to sample holder
H - pinhole
V - Sample axisV - pinhole
Engineering Division
Overview In Vacuum
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Sprung Kapton straps: Theta brakes
Beam in
Theta encoder
Theta rotation
Preloading for stages
X-travel limits
Horiz “X” travel
Vert “Y” travel
(Encoded stages)
Engineering Division
Sample transfer
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Sample transfer from bottom(Manufactured by transfer
engineering)
Engineering Division39
Detector Motions Overview2 Theta
-10 degrees to 170 degrees
Chi (Simulated by Linear Travel)
• In-vacuum CCD equivalent to a Princeton Detector or the LBL Fast CCD.
• The in-vacuum detector shall have a travel range of -10 degrees to 170 degrees (2 theta).
• Horizontal translation perpendicular to the incoming beam to simulate +/- 3 degrees (chi). (3 Degree Rotation is equivalent to 1.26 inches of horizontal travel.)
• The endstation shall accommodate an in-vacuum power detector (photo diode).
Engineering Division
Magnetic Field Requirements
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• The system shall be capable of providing a uniform magnetic field at the sample's illumination zone at a minimum of .4 Tesla along the beam direction (+Z).
• The goal is that the magnetic field shall be uniform over 1mm^2 area centered on the sample.
• The magnetic field orientation shall reversible (-Z).– Request: The magnetic field orientation is desired to be rotatable in the XZ
plane. (Level wrt gravity plane.)
• The system shall be capable of providing uniform zero magnetic field of less than 20 gauss at the sample's illumination zone.
Engineering Division
Endstation Magnet
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LN cooled magnetMagnet .65 T
Engineering Division
Overview
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Magnet supported
independently
Cryostat
Engineering Division
Endstation Magnet
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Engineering Division
ENDSTATION STATUS
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Final components are being manufactured and
is planned to be assembled by the end of
the 2016
Outline
• qRIXS Spectrometer
• COSMIC Scattering Endstation
• The ALS upgrade (ALS-U) concept
• ALS-U Planning and Developments
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Key characteristics of the proposed project
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• Leverages ~$500M of existing ALS infrastructure; no new building construction is necessary
• Uses demonstrated multibend-achromat technology to achieve highest brightness and coherent flux
• Accumulator ring with swap-out allows us to surpass other existing (and planned) soft x-ray sources
• No major technical uncertainties, since ALS-U design is based on extrapolation of existing technologies
• The completed ALS-U would be ready to take advantage of bright and coherent beams, with 40 operating beamlines
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ALS-U general scope
Scope• Replace existing storage ring with new multibend-achromat storage ring
• Add accumulator ring for on-axis, swap-out injection
• Add two new world-class beamlines optimized for science case
• Upgrade optics for existing beamlines
• Upgrade utilities to improve reliability
• Maintain facility operation costs comparable
Cost and schedule have been reviewed
• $300M, including escalation and contingency; assuming FY16 start date
• 6 years, with 10-12 months dark time
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ALS-U general scope
Scope• Replace existing storage ring with new multibend-achromat storage ring
• Add accumulator ring for on-axis, swap-out injection
• Add two new world-class beamlines optimized for science case
• Upgrade optics for existing beamlines
• Upgrade utilities to improve reliability
• Maintain facility operation costs comparable
Cost and schedule have been reviewed
• $300M, including escalation and contingency; assuming FY16 start date
• 6 years, with 10-12 months dark time
47
ALS-U general scope
Scope• Replace existing storage ring with new multibend-achromat storage ring
• Add accumulator ring for on-axis, swap-out injection
• Add two new world-class beamlines optimized for science case
• Upgrade optics for existing beamlines
• Upgrade utilities to improve reliability
• Maintain facility operation costs comparable
Cost and schedule have been reviewed
• $300M, including escalation and contingency; assuming FY16 start date
• 6 years, with 10-12 months dark time
Engineering and Logistical challenges of an Upgrade
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•What stays and what goes?•Straight sections are fixed constraint
•Bend magnet sources move by ~7cm laterally•Minimize Dark time (10-12 months planned)
•Storage ring assembly must be modular and pre-assembled•Install (and commission) accumulator ring ahead of time
•Other Challenges•Installation access•Seismic Anchoring into existing floor (and wall)•Electrical infrastructure requirements
•Project infrastructure CAD/Project Data Management and processes
Engineering and Logistical challenges of an Upgrade
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Our approach employs key new technologies and leverages existing infrastructure
ALS-U
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install new multibend-
achromat (MBA) storage ring
reuse LINAC and booster
add accumulator ring for on-axis
swap-out injection
reuse infrastructure and
beamlines
ALS todayALS
storage ring
Up to 1000x brighter beam with ALS-Ux [µm]
y [µ
m]
−500 0 500−500
0
500
x [µm]
y [µ
m]
−500 0 500−500
0
500
x [µm]
y [µ
m]
−500 0 500−500
0
500
x [µm]
y [µ
m]
−500 0 500−500
0
500
ALS-U: multibend achromatALS: triple-bend achromat
Multibend-achromat (MBA) storage ringsenable diffraction-limited beams
Diffraction-limited rings yield the highest coherent power by matching the emittance (size and divergence) of the electron beam
with the fundamental diffraction of x-ray light.
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MBA first implemented at MAX-IV in Sweden and is being commissioned.
ALS-U performance will build on thatand go well beyond using on-axis injection.
Swap-out injection first proposed by M. Borland for APS upgrade
Swapping electron beams between the accumulator and storage rings, on axis, is key to highest coherence
storage ring electrons are transferred to accumulator ring…
… as accumulator electrons are transferred to storage ring
Accumulator + multibend-achromat storage ring allows for:• lowest emittance; highest coherence• round beams• small apertures for improved insertion device
performance
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storage ring
accumulator ring
injector
Swap-out injection first proposed by M. Borland for APS upgrade
Swapping electron beams between the accumulator and storage rings, on axis, is key to highest coherence
Accumulator + multibend-achromat storage ring allows for:• lowest emittance; highest coherence• round beams• small apertures for improved insertion device
performance
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storage ring
accumulator ring
injectorfast kickermagnets
Load Impedance(2 parallel 50 ohms)
25 ohmsStripline Voltage +/- 5.25 kVStripline Current +/- 105 ARise/Fall Time (5-95%)
7 nsFlattop (95-95%) 50 nsFlattop Ripple +/- 5%Repetition Rate <0.1 Hz
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Stripline kicker magnet (1 module)
8-stage IVA configuration (~11” tall)
LBL Infrastructure for extended beamline space
ALS-UV-17LaPceALS-URing
Central
Arc
Sec)on
MatchingS
ec)on
MatchingSec)o
n
B=0.8,50T/mGradientDipoleJan.2014
June2014
June2015
DipoleAdjustmentWinding
• Poleextensionsareop)mizedforelectricalefficiency.• Dipolewindingallowsa5%adjustmentongradient.
13mmIDVacuumChamber
24mmmagne)cradius
Jan.2016
19mmmagne)cradius
22mmIDVacuumChamber
CoFePoles
IronPoles
Packingfactorchallenges• Mul)BendAcromat(MBA)laPceshaveahighpackingdensityoffocusing
elements:quadrupolemagnetsanddipoles…• Extendedpolenosesarerequiredtomakeroominthela:ceforengineering
structures:– BPMs,vacuumcomponents,x-rayegresses,pumpingports,andsupports.
• Thereare9dipolemagnetsineachlaPcesector.
– Thedipoleextendednosessave0.54metersofspacepersector;~6.48minthering.
• Thereare14quadrupolesineachlaPcesector.
– Quadrupoleextendednosessave0.56metersofspacepersector,~6.72mofringspace.
• TheaddiFonofthepoleextensionsopensup~14.16metersofworkingspaceinthe~197mcircumferenceoftheALS-ULa:ce.
– Thisisabout7.2%ofthering.
Designop)ons:Installmagnetstomachinedtolerances
Vacuum – NEG coating of small chambers
59
The most promising technology to achieve good vacuum pressures with the small apertures necessary for DLSRs are Non Evaporable Getter (NEG) coated vacuum chambers. Substantial progress has been made, both in industry, and within this R+D program, bringing NEG coated chambers with less than 6 mm diameter within reach [7]. One recent advance at LBNL was the use of Ti-Zr-V alloy wires to improve the chemical uniformity of coatings at small apertures. Challenges remain, including miniaturization of photon extraction chambers.?
Vacuum – NEG coating of small chambers
59
The most promising technology to achieve good vacuum pressures with the small apertures necessary for DLSRs are Non Evaporable Getter (NEG) coated vacuum chambers. Substantial progress has been made, both in industry, and within this R+D program, bringing NEG coated chambers with less than 6 mm diameter within reach [7]. One recent advance at LBNL was the use of Ti-Zr-V alloy wires to improve the chemical uniformity of coatings at small apertures. Challenges remain, including miniaturization of photon extraction chambers.?
Coating test setup for small 6 mm diameter Cu chamber coated with Ti-Zr-V
Crotch Absorbers looking into additive manufacturing with high thermal conductivity materials such as copper and Glidcop
Vacuum Engineering – Process Flow
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SynRad MolFlowCAD
PSD
HeatLoads
PressureMapping
IterateDesignMoving/
AddingPumps
ANSYSforThermalAnalysis
Geometry
Coherence Preserving x-ray Optics
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CAD model of a side-cooled silicon block and resulting tangential and sagittal slope errors and deformation for the maximum power load. (right) interferometric test for LN temperature Si optics. Required performance is within reach.
Segmented and profiled side cooling work also being done by Lin Zhang and group at SLAC
Storageringcomponentsareanchoredto“Founda)on”
Wirewaysinfloortrenches
Storageringcomponentsareanchoredto“Founda)on”
Gradebeam
Goaltoinstallmagnetstomachinedtolerances
Where we are now and next steps
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•Developing requirements•Building the teams needed and prioritizing tasks
•As built documentation - S&A, Modeling, Documentation•Installation access and options - Conventional facilities expertise•Electrical infrastructure•HVAC•Seismic Anchoring into existing floor (and wall)
•Understand code requirements that (will) apply develop policy •Working with facilities to develop a practical plan/guidelines for implementation
•Project management infrastructure and processes
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Thank YouOn behalf of
A. Anders, J. Byrd, K. Chow, R. Duarte, J. Jung, T. Luo, T. Oliver, J. Osborn, C. Pappas, D. Robin, F. Sannibale, S. De Santis, R. Schlueter, C. Steier C. Sun, C. Swenson, W. Waldron, E. Wallen, Y. Yang, and
many others