advanced programming loop. 2 while repetition structure repetition structure –an action is to be...
TRANSCRIPT
Advanced Programming
LOOPLOOP
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while Repetition Structure
• Repetition Structure
– An action is to be repeated
• Continues while statement is true
• Ends when statement is false
– Contain either a line or a body of code
• Must alter conditional
– Endless loop
A deceptive problem...
• Write a method printNumbers that prints each number from 1 to a given maximum, separated by commas.
For example, the call:printNumbers(5)
should print:1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Find output
n = 5; j = 1; while ( j < 4 ) { if ( n >= 10 ) n = n – 2; else n = n * j; j++; } console.writeline( “ The n is ” + n);
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Example
write a program that reads in the grades of 50
students in a course (out of 100 points each )
and then count the number of A students
( grade > 85 ) and the number of B students
(grade > 75 ). And print the average grad
for all students.
// Class average with counter-controlled repetition.
using System;
class Average1
{
static void Main( string[] args )
{
int total, // sum of grades
gradeCounter, // number of grades entered
gradeValue, // grade value
average; // average of all grades
total = 0; // clear total
gradeCounter = 1; // prepare to loop
while ( gradeCounter <= 10 ) // loop 10 times
{
Console.Write( "Enter integer grade: " );
gradeValue = Int32.Parse( Console.ReadLine() );
total = total + gradeValue;
gradeCounter = gradeCounter + 1;
}
average = total / 10; // integer division
Console.WriteLine( "\nClass average is {0}", average );
} // end Main
} // end class Average1
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Example
• Assume you put 1000 pounds in a projects
that returns a profit of about 5% per year.
How long will it take for your money to
double ?
• Assume you put 5000 pounds in a projects
that returns a profit of about 10% per year.
How much money will you have in 5 years
Find output
prod = 1;do {
prod = prod * m ;m = m + 1 ;
}while ( m < 6 ) ;console.writeline(“ prod is “+ prod ) ;
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for Repetition Structure
for ( int counter = 1; counter <= 5; counter++ )
Initial value of control variable Increment of control variable
Control variable name Final value of control variablefor keyword
Loop-continuation condition
// Counter-controlled repetition with the for structure.
using System;
class ForCounter {
static void Main( string[] args ) {
for ( int counter = 1; counter <= 5; counter++ )
Console.WriteLine( counter +” “);
}
}
Examples Using the for Statement
– Vary control variable from 1 to 100 in increments of 1• for ( int i = 1; i <= 100; i++ )
– Vary control variable from 100 to 1 in increments of -1• for ( int i = 100; i >= 1; i-- )
– Vary control variable from 7 to 77 in steps of 7• for ( int i = 7; i <= 77; i += 7 )
– Vary control variable from 20 to 2 in steps of -2• for ( int i = 20; i >= 2; i -= 2 )
– Vary control variable over the sequence: 2, 5, 8, 11, 14, 17, 20• for ( int i = 2; i <= 20; i += 3 )
– Vary control variable over the sequence: 99, 88, 77, 66, 55, 44, 33, 22, 11, 0• for ( int i = 99; i >= 0; i -= 11 )
Loop tables
• What statement in the body would cause the loop to print:2 7 12 17 22
• To see patterns, make a table of count and the numbers.– Each time count goes up by 1, the number should go up by 5.
– But count * 5 is too great by 3, so we subtract 3.
count number to print 5 * count
1 2 5
2 7 10
3 12 15
4 17 20
5 22 25
5 * count - 3
2
7
12
17
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Loop tables question
• What statement in the body would cause the loop to print:17 13 9 5 1
• Let's create the loop table together.– Each time count goes up 1, the number printed should ...
– But this multiple is off by a margin of ...
count number to print
1 17
2 13
3 9
4 5
5 1
-4 * count -4 * count + 21
-4 17
-8 13
-12 9
-16 5
-20 1
-4 * count
-4
-8
-12
-16
-20
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Example
Write a program to display all the numbers
divisible by 5 in the range 0 to 5000.
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Example
Write a program to ask the user for a
positive integer, and then display its
factorial. Given that
factorial(n) is 1 X 2 X 3 …… x n
using System;
using System.Windows.Forms;
class Interest
{
static void Main( string[] args )
{
double amount, principal = 1000.00, rate = .05;
string output;
output = "Year\tAmount on deposit\n";
for ( int year = 1; year <= 10; year++ )
{
amount = principal *Math.Pow( 1.0 + rate, year );
output += year + "\t" +
String.Format( "{0:C}", amount ) + "\n";
}
MessageBox.Show( output, "Compound Interest",
MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Information );}}
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for ( m=1 ; m<=9 ; m=m+2 )
{
x = pow ( m , 2 );
console.writeline(m +” “+ x );
}
Find the output
• Write a C program that reads in 30 integer numbers and then print out their sum and average
Example
• Write a program that does a survey on a certain question. The question has four possible answers. Run the survey on 20 people and then display the number of people who chose each answer.
• Example:
What is your favorite subject?
A. Mathematics
B. Economics
C. Programming
D. Physics
Example
• write a program that reads in the grades of 50 students in a course (out of 100 points each ) and then count the number of A students ( grade > 85 ) and the number of B students (grade > 75 ).
• Write a program that reads 100 integer numbers, determines how many positive and negative values have been read, and computes the average of the input values.
• A shop need to keep an inventory of its 100 items for sale. Write a console application to input the item code, price and quantity of each item. Then the program displays a neat table of all items (code, price and quantity) with two asterisks ** next to items whose price > 100 pounds, and one asterisk * next to items whose price is between 50 and 100 pounds.
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Example
In one university, it has a rule that at least 75% of
student in each course must pass. This means that
the pass mark for each course will differ. Write a
program that will read 100 students’ marks and
determine the pass mark.
Welcome4.cs
Message Box
// Printing multiple lines in a dialog Box.
using System;
using System.Windows.Forms;
class Welcome4
{
static void Main( string[] args )
{
MessageBox.Show( "Welcome \n to \n C# \n programming!" );} }
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Simple Program
• Graphical User Interface
– GUIs are used to make it easier to get data from the
user as well as display data to the user
– Message boxes
• Within the System.Windows.Forms
namespace
• Used to prompt or display information to the user
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Simple Program
Add Reference dialogue
•Many compiled classes need to be referenced before they can be used in classes
•Assemblies are the packing unit for code in C#
•Namespaces group related classes together
Simple Program
References folder
Solution Explorer
System.Windows.Forms reference
Adding a reference to an assembly in Visual Studio .NET (part 2).
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• Message boxes– Buttons
• OK• OKCancel• YesNo• AbortRetryIgnore• YesNoCancel• RetryCancel
- Icons• Exclamation• Question• Error• Information
• Formatting– (variable : format)
using System;
using System.Windows.Forms;
class Sum {
static void Main( string[] args ) {
int sum = 0;
for ( int number = 2; number <= 100; number += 2 )
sum += number;
MessageBox.Show( "The sum is " + sum, "Sum Even Integers from 2
to 100", MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Information ); }
}
Argument 4: MessageBox Icon (Optional)
Argument 3: OK dialog button. (Optional)
Argument 2: Title bar string (Optional)
Argument 1: Message to display
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Examples Using the for Structure
MessageBox Icons Icon Description MessageBoxIcon.Exclamation
Displays a dialog with an exclamation point. Typically used to caution the user against potential problems.
MessageBoxIcon.Information
Displays a dialog with an informational message to the user.
MessageBoxIcon.Question
Displays a dialog with a question mark. Typically used to ask the user a question.
MessageBoxIcon.Error
Displays a dialog with an x in a red circle. Helps alert user of errors or important messages.
Fig. 5.6 Icons for message dialogs.
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MessageBox Buttons Description MessageBoxButton.OK Specifies that the dialog should include an OK button.
MessageBoxButton.OKCancel Specifies that the dialog should include OK and Cancel buttons. Warns the user about some condition and allows the user to either continue or cancel an operation.
MessageBoxButton.YesNo Specifies that the dialog should contain Yes and No buttons. Used to ask the user a question.
MessageBoxButton.YesNoCancel Specifies that the dialog should contain Yes, No and Cancel buttons. Typically used to ask the user a question but still allows the user to cancel the operation.
MessageBoxButton.RetryCancel Specifies that the dialog should contain Retry and Cancel buttons. Typically used to inform a user about a failed operation and allow the user to retry or cancel the operation.
MessageBoxButton.AbortRetryIgnore Specifies that the dialog should contain Abort, Retry and Ignore buttons. Typically used to inform the user that one of a series of operations has failed and allow the user to abort the series of operations, retry the failed operation or ignore the failed operation and continue.
Fig. 5.7 Buttons for message dialogs.
Write a console application has input a non-negative integer and show a string of binary bits representing n.
) (1/2 mark per correct circle, -1/2 mark per incorrect circle) Circle the syntax or logic errors in the following C# class and briefly explain what is wrong beside your circle.
class TempConv;
{
public void main( );
{
double BASE_TEMP = 30;
int Deg_C
float Deg_F;
Console.WriteLine( 'Please enter a temperature in degrees C ' );
Deg_C = console.readline();
Deg = (BASE_TEMP + (9 / 5) * (int) Deg_C);
Console.WriteLine('The Fahrenheit temperature is ' + Deg_F + '.');
}
}
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• Write a code in each button of the flowing windows application that calculates the electricity bill. the price of the electricity rate is 10 for each kilowatt for governmental use, 5 for home use and 20 for commercial use. The command “Clear” removes the old values from the texts in the program
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• Construct C# console application to solve the following problem. A football team plays n games per year in its league. Given n and the scores of all of the games the team played this year (both the team’s score and its opponent’s score for each game), compute the team’s margin of victory in the games that it played (win = 3, tied = 1 and ignore lost).
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Example
• We wish to solve the following problem using C#. given an array A, print all permutations of A (print all values of A in every possible order). For example, A contained the strings “apple”, “banana”, and “coconut”, the desired output is:
• apple banana coconut• apple coconut banana• banana apple coconut• banana coconut apple• coconut apple banana• coconut banana apple
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• Write a Java application which prints a triangle of x's and y's like the one below. Each new line will have one more x or y than the preceding line. The program should stop after it prints a line with 80 characters in it. You may make use of both the
• Write() and WriteLine() methods. For example;• x• yy• xxx• yyyy• xxxxx
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