advanced sounder capabilities- airborne demonstration with nast-i
DESCRIPTION
Advanced Sounder Capabilities- Airborne Demonstration with NAST-I W.L. Smith, D.K. Zhou, and A.M. Larar NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681 Twelfth International TOVS Study Conference (Lorne Australia, 27 Feb-5 Mar, 2002). NAST on Proteus. ER-2. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Advanced Sounder Capabilities-Airborne Demonstration with NAST-I
W.L. Smith, D.K. Zhou, and A.M. LararNASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681
Twelfth International TOVS Study Conference (Lorne Australia, 27 Feb-5 Mar, 2002)
NAST on Proteus
Performance: Ceiling 65-75 kft Airspeed 300 ktas Endurance 12-22 hrs Operating Altitude: 100 to 60,000 ft
ER-2
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NPOESS Airborne Sounder Testbed (NAST)NPOESS Airborne Sounder Testbed (NAST)
IR interferometer ( NAST-I )Spectral Range:3.5 – 16microns
Spectral Resolution:>2000 (0.25cm-1)
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NAST-I Spectral Coverage Encompasses all future satellite sounders
CrIS
CO2
O3
H2ON2OCO2
CON2OCH4
H2O
GIFTS-SW
GIFTS-LW
H2OCO2
O3
N2O
CH4
CO
N2O
CO2
H2O
H2O
AIRS/CrIS
GIFTS
NAST-I /IASI
Spectral Coverage ComparisonSpectral Coverage Comparison
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NAST-I Observes 3-Dimensional StructureNAST-I Observes 3-Dimensional Structure With High Spatial Resolution and Radiometric AccuracyWith High Spatial Resolution and Radiometric Accuracy
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Optimal Regression Retrieval Approach for Optimal Regression Retrieval Approach for NAST-I ApplicationNAST-I Application
nc
1jjiji ERC
PKERKPKCKA1
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1smn
nc
jjij
n
imismni
n
imim )(
kj
S
1kkiij S
1M
τ*dB)ε-(1τdBτεBRsP
acP
sP
acP
ss R = radiance = surface emissivityBs = surface Planck radiance = transmittance
s = surface transmittance* = (s)2 / Ps = surface pressurePac = aircraft pressureS = number of sample profiles = radiance deviation from the mean M = covariance matrix of E = eigenvectors of M – EOFsC = radiance EOF amplitudesA = {Ts, , T, q, ...} parametersK and k = regression coefficients = emissivity EOF amplitudes
5
1
i
iii Ck
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NAST-I Spectrum and Retrieval ChannelsNAST-I Spectrum and Retrieval Channels
NAST-I SpmRTVL Chnls
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Retrieval Accuracy Vs EOF NumberRetrieval Accuracy Vs EOF Number
Full Noise
1/2 Noise
2610
58
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Observed Vs Calculated from RetrievalObserved Vs Calculated from Retrieval
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Retrievals for Two Different EOF #sRetrievals for Two Different EOF #s
48 EOFsRadiosonde23 EOFs
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Radiosonde ValidationRadiosonde Validation
Alt
itu
de
(km
)
Relative H
um
idity (%
)
Distance (75 km)
3km
Andros Is. Bahamas, Sept 12, 1998
NASTRaob
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Spectral HSpectral H22O SensitivityO Sensitivity
H2O Sensitivity [dTB(,p)/dlnq(p)]
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Water Vapor Retrieval Water Vapor Retrieval SensitivitySensitivity
75 km
LW-side of H2O Band
SW-side of H2O Band
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ARM CART-Site Sounding Validation
CD
A
BSpace & Time
Variability
Spatial (~22km) & Temporal (~2-3hr) Temperature Variation Over Purcell
Sfc Temp (21Z)
Sfc Temp (19Z)
P
P
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PROTEUS NAST-I Flight Over CART Site Loop 1 [18:06 – 19:50 UT, March 19, 2000]
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PROTEUS/NAST-I Flight Over CART Site Loop 2 [19:50 – 21:24 UT, March 19, 2000]
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VERTICAL PROFILE COMPARISONSVERTICAL PROFILE COMPARISONS
NOV 30 NOV 30NOV 30
DEC 05DEC 05 DEC 05
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COMPARISON WITH GSFC-SRL (DEC. 5, 2000)COMPARISON WITH GSFC-SRL (DEC. 5, 2000)
NAST-I cross section is produced by profiles from 7 high altitude passes over Lamont OK.
GSFC-SRL Ground-based Scanning Raman LIDARproduced from 10 min averages at Lamont OK
Time Average
Loss of Sensitivity
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Wallops Island Va. to Dryden Ca. (8/27/99)
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Proteus NAST-I Vertical Cross-section (CLAMS 7/12/01)Proteus NAST-I Vertical Cross-section (CLAMS 7/12/01)
This flight demonstrates the ability to observe the spatial moisture structure below a scattered
and semi-transparent Cirrus cloud cover
14.9
13.816.0 UTC
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Effective Surface Temperature (July 26, 2001)Effective Surface Temperature (July 26, 2001)GOES image
High dense convective clouds over North Carolina and low cumulus clouds over the Delmarva peninsula
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Effective Cloud Properties (July 26, 2001)Effective Cloud Properties (July 26, 2001)
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Vertical Cross-section (July 26, 2001)Vertical Cross-section (July 26, 2001)
CLOUDS
CLOUDSCLOUDS
Clouds
Clouds
Clouds
IR Window Image Along Track
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Surface Skin Temperature (July 14, 2001)Surface Skin Temperature (July 14, 2001)
296.52º K ( = 0.54º K) NAST-I retrieved (within 0.1 Lat. and Lon.)297.45º K NOAA buoy site CHLV2 measured (i.e., the bulk SST). The cool “skin”, observed by NAST-I, relative to the sub-surface water, observed by the buoy, is expected as a result of evaporative cooling.
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Surface Emissivity (July 14, 2001)Surface Emissivity (July 14, 2001)
Seawater EmissivityLab. measured (solid)
NAST-I retrieved (dashed)
NAST-I validation (dots)
)( / )( AssBAAobsR
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March 20, 2001 March 21, 2001
NPOESS Aircraft Sounding Testbed (NAST) soundings over Alaska from the ~15km flight altitude of the Proteus (March 20-21, 2001). Upper panels show flight track and cross-section. (Note the updrafts and downdrafts seen in the water vapor at 7-9 km.) Bottom panels show comparisons with North Slope CART-site radiosondes.
IR Image along track
Surface Skin Temperature Along Track
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Can CAT Be Measured ?
Strong Turbulence Signatures at 300 mb
Weak Turbulence Signatures at 150 mb
No Turbulence Signatures at 500 mb
Downdrafts:Warm & Dry Updrafts:Cold & Moist
Temp
Temp
Temp
Moisture
Moisture
Moisture
NAST Near Fairbanks AK (3/21/01; 1-2 GMT)
Moisture
200 km
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SummarySummary• The NAST provides high spatial resolution radiance measurements which can be used to validate the radiometric accuracy and retrieval products of advanced IR sounding systems
• High spatial resolution features of atmospheric temperature, moisture, and clouds can be retrieved from NAST radiances
• Lower tropospheric water vapor profiles depend on measurements along the shortwave side of the 6.3 m H2O band
• High spectral/spatial resolution sounders can profile above an opaque overcast cloud cover and above and below thin and/or broken clouds
• Surface skin temperature and emissivity can be retrieved simultaneously from the spectral radiance measurements and this is important for the retrieval of accurate lower tropospheric moisture profiles
• Atmospheric turbulence might be observed with very high spatial resolution advanced sounders