The Explorer Islamabad: Journal of Social Sciences ISSN (E): 2411-0132, ISSN (P): 2411-5487 Vol-1, Issue (7):232-236 www.theexplorerpak.org

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ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY AND AGRICULTURE PRODUCTION: A STUDY OF ADOPTION TECHNOLOGY

Samia Imtiaz, Mahwish Zeeshan, Sana Tahir Department of Anthropology, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi

Corresponding Author: Samia Imtiaz PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi Samiya.emtiaz@gmail.com Abstract: Pakistans agricultural sector has been contributing to the economy of the country at large. Hence the sector has been considered as the back bone of to the country. This paper reviews technologys role in the agriculture production in Murid, Chakwal. Since it is assumed that advanced technological use have replaced the traditional agricultural techniques, the study is an attempt to have a qualitative analysis of the said hypothesis. Non-probability stratified sampling technique has been used to conduct the research on a sample size of 200 farmers. Key informants helped establish rapport at the field; later interview guide was used to conduct in-depth interviews. The qualitative data collected is discussed after cross tabulation analysis. The findings suggests that early adopters prove to be more advantageous as compare to the followers and laggards since they have learnt the efficient use of technology by evolving strategies based on the indigenous needs.

Key Words: Natural Calamities, Advance agricultural technology, Agricultural production, Effect on

Economy

INTRODUCTION In the economy of Pakistan agriculture is the major revenue source and provides opportunities for employment. Past experiences demonstrated that it contribute to national economy and helps to concurred the poor execution of the national economy (Ali 2000). Development has dependably been the key strength behind rural development specifically through economic transformation. The capacity to increase the value of agricultural production via the application of scientific knowledge creates innovative activities. Technological methods are helpful for the farmers to resolve their issues and adjust to the natural environment for their needs. Technology is the application of applied science in industries to perform different task (Hornby 2000). The literature suggested that agriculture production technologies used by the farmers sort out their problems (Atala 2002). The economy of Pakistan wards on agrarian division as it contributes around 20% to the Gross domestic product. Wheat is the staple food for the most of the population in Pakistan. It

contributes approximately 13% to the worth included in agriculture and 2.8 % to the Gross domestic product. The assessed creation of the wheat harvest was 23.4 million tons which was 11.7% more than that of the most recent year (Pakistan 2009). Progressions in science have permitted researchers to embed attributes of different plants into nourishment crops (National Research Council 2010). In addition to increased crop productivity, biotechnology has the potential to create more nutritious crops, leading to both lower health care costs and higher economic performance (Potrykus 2003). It could be agreed with because at the research field, it was witnessed that technology has doubled agricultural production and the total production has almost doubled. It was also observed that quality of seed was also enhanced. The problem for most nations is not lack of innovation but instead the administration of a wealth of investigation and mechanical learning. Also, innovation evaluations should now consider social effects, a process that requests more

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noteworthy utilization of the different controls (Russell, et al. 2010). Higher utilization and better mixture of inputs oblige stores at the transfer of agriculturists. These stores could either originate from reserve funds or through borrowings, since the sparing of the ranchers is either very small or negative so they need to get for their gainful exercises. Greater part of the ranchers, especially little ones, are not in a position to secure key inputs (manure, enhanced seed, propelled innovation, plant insurance, and so forth from their own sources because of absence of stores. Consequently to meet the obliged speculation to achieve the increment in the creation, rural credit is a crucial component (Iqbal, et al. 2003). The imperative variables that may add to a higher farming development incorporate extension in developed region, upgraded utilization of water and other rural inputs, increment in trimming force, innovative change, and specialized proficiency. Different studies demonstrate a positive development altogether consider profit for agriculture in Pakistan. Notwithstanding, the assessments contrast generally and range from 0.37 (Kemal, et al. 2002). An aggregate variable gainfulness development of 0.48 for harvest sub-part over the period 1950-1995; the development in totaled inputs represented around 80 percent of the aggregate increment in product yield development and the rest was contributed by change in farming innovation (Chaudhry, et al. 1996). It is generally kept up that the potential for assigning more land and water assets to horticultural creation and/or extent of further increment in editing power is restricted in Pakistan. In addition, utilization of inputs like manures and pesticides can't be expanded past specific cutoff points furthermore due to national wellbeing and ecological concerns. Consequently, the nation would need to depend all the more intensely on innovative change and change of specialized productivity for the craved fast rural development. MATERIALS AND METHODS The research was centered around the effect of technology on agricultural production in nearby agrarian community of Murid village in Chakwal where-in the respondents were distinguished and inspected by the assistance of key-informant; in the end a substantial number of house-holds

were brought into contact and interviewed. To target the populace for research both qualitative and quantitative research techniques were applied. Two hundred families were interviewed selected through stratified random sampling technique. Strata were based on agriculture land holding on the size of agricultural land holding. Open ended questions were asked in order to collect qualitative data and interview guide was used as primary research tool. Results are interpreted through cross tabulation. RESULTS AND DISSCUSSION Table. 1: Size of Agriculture Land Holding

Land in canals Upper Middle Lower

17-40 0 0 74

41-100 0 89 0

101-225 29 0 0

226-300 8 0 0

According to the research findings, 37 percent of the respondents owned17 to 40 canal of land which is kept under the strata of lower class.44.5 percent of the respondents 41 to 100 canals of land who belong to the middle class strata where as 18.5 percent of the respondent who owned 101 canals agriculture area belong to the upper class of the local. Table. 2: Wheat Production

Per acre production of

wheat Upper Middle Lower

17-30 0 19 56

0% 21.34% 75.67%

31-48 2 66 14

5.40% 74.15% 18.91%

49-60 20 4 4

54.04% 4.49% 5.40%

61-72 15 0 0

40.54% 0% 0%

In upper class majority cases I have seen that 5.40% of upper class produce 31 to 48 munn, 54.04% of respondents produce per acre of wheat (49-60) and 40.54% of respondents produce per acre of wheat (61-72) of the total production. In middle class 21.34% of respondents produce per acre of wheat (17-30)munn of the total production, 74.15% of respondents (31-48)munnper acre of the total production and 4.49% of respondents produce per acre of wheat (49-60) of the total production.

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The results stays consistent in lower class where 75.67% of the respondents produce 17 t0 30 munn, 18.91% in lower class produce 31 to 48 munn and 5.40% of respondents produce per acre of wheat (49-60) of the total production. The result indicates that advance technology has increased production. Education of the respondent increases the probability of a farmer to increase production of per acre. Education of the famers are directly effects their production because education helps them to get information regarding the techniques which are helpful to increase production (Haq, et al. 2015). Table. 3: Types of Irrigation System

Types irrigation system Upper Middle Lower

Turbine 16 3 0

43.24% 3.37% 0%

Peter in Jun 3 5 6

8.10% 5.61% 8.10%

Mesial motor 10 41 22

27.02% 46.06% 29.72%

Tubal 5 6 4

13.51 6.74% 5.40%

none 4 34 41

10.81% 38.20% 55.40%

Results of this tubal shows that in upper class 43.24%, in middle class 3.37% and in lower class 0% turbines are used. In upper class 8.10%, in middle class 5.61% and in lower class 8.10% peter injuns are used. In upper class 27.02%, in middle class 46.06% and in lower class 29.72% mesial motors are used. In upper class 13.51%, in middle class 6.74% and in lower class 5.40% tubules are used. In upper class 10.81%, in middle class 38.20% and in lower class 55.40% are the non-user of above mentioned irrigation system. Table no 3 presents the percentage of different irrigation systems in and major of 53.5% responses show no use of irrigation system which proves this area is rain fed agricultural area. Besides this area being arid, but farmers use irrigation technology for a maximum of 4 kannals to produce fodder for their livestock. More educated farmers adopt new technologies for cultivation efficiently as compared to less educated farmer. Land water saving technologies are adopted by farmers to face the unfavorable environmental conditions (Haq, et al. 2015).

Table. 4: Accessibility of Electricity to the Local Farmer

Availability of

electricity in local Upper Middle Lower

yes 35 80 58

94.5% 89.88% 78.37%

no 2 9 16

5.40% 10.11% 21.62%

According to the respondents in upper class 94.5%, in middle class 89.88% and in lower class 78.37% electricity is available in the local area. According to the respondents in upper class 5.40%, in middle class 10.11% and in lower class 21.62% electricity is not available in the local area. Table no 4 elaborates that majority of 180 out of 200 people (88.7%) responded that electricity is available at their farms whereas few people (9.9%) showed non accessibility of electricity. Table. 5: Types of Chemicals used on Locale

Type of chemicals

use in local Upper Middle Lower

pesticide 2 6 2

5.40% 6.74% 2.70%

herbicide 2 19 12

5.40% 21.34% 16.21%

both 33 49 10

89.18% 55.05 13.51%

none 0 15 50

0% 16.85% 67.56%

5.40% in upper class, 6.74% in middle class and 2.70% in lower class of the respondents/farmers pesticides are used for their crops. 5.40% in upper class, 21.34% in middle class and 16.21% in lower class of the respondents/farmers herbicides are used for their crops. In upper class 89.18%, in middle class 55.05% and in lower class 13.51% of the respondents/farmers both pesticides and herbicides are used for their crops. In upper class 0%, in middle class 16.85% and in lower class 67.57 of the respondents/farmers does not use any type of chemicals for their crops. Chemicals and fertilizers are used by the farmers to increase their production (Khan, et al. 2002) Table no 5 is based on the use of advanced chemical technology and in the given the use of such chemicals in majority i.e. 52.5% confirms the use of such technology. The result has a highly

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significant positive effect on fertilizer and other herbicide adoption and manure application. This implies that farmers are driven by profit/output maximization and would be motivated to apply yield increasing methodologies whenever they are guaranteed of higher returns. According to the study respondents said that their total area is dependent on rainfall. Traditional modes of irrigation are used by the farmers to water their plants and crops. Lack of irrigational accommodations is a major cause of limited expansion in farming area in Chakwal. The lesser water supply from water course in the fields is the serious problems which influence of farming sector and it bear bad effects on the agricultural production. At the point when there is no rain then farmers faced major issues in irrigation. There is not even a solitary dam in the range which highlights the poor irrigation framework. It lessened the crops development seriously. In spite of the fact that, farmers inundated crops by utilizing crops development yet it is more costly due to power bills. Little and poor farmers could not manage the cost of overwhelming measure of bills. Along these lines agricultural production decreases and individuals need to move to different segments (Haq, et al. 2014). Table. 6: Adoption Patterns of Farm Technologies

Petron of adaption

of technology in farmers Upper Middle Lower

early adopter 22 13 0

59.45% 14.60 0%

follower 15 70 59

40.54% 78.65% 79.72%

laggard 0 6 15

0% 16.2% 20.27 %

This table shows that in upper class 59.45%, in middle class 14.60% and in lower class 0% of the framers in area are the early adopters of technology. In upper class 40.54%, in middle class 78.65% and in lower class 79.72% of the framers in area are the followers of early adopters of technology. In upper class 0%, in middle class 16.21% and in lower class 20.27% of the framers in area are laggards in adoption of technology. CONCLUSION

Reliance on technology is considered important for high production. If developing countries like Pakistan intend to catch up with agricultural industry leaders; they will need to create more permissive regulatory systems that allow for the research, development, and use of genetically modified crops. Old farmers are attached with agriculture in a way that they are totally dependent on conventional methods of farming along the inaccessibility to basic agricultural facilities. New generation is moving to other less tedious income sources like government jobs, private jobs, business, overseas employment. Higher the prevalence of technology, effective use and precautionary measure, better the results of crop production. Agricultural production is inclining and is positively affecting the local agricultural production of specifically and the agricultural economy at large. REFERENCES Ali, Shujat 2000 Productivity Growth in Pakistans Agriculture. Department of Economics. 44(4):493-513.

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