ADVANCES IN LIBRARY DISCOVERY SERVICES

The State of the Art in 2011Marshall BreedingDirector for Innovative Technology and ResearchVanderbilt University LibraryFounder and Publisher, Library Technology Guideshttp://www.librarytechnology.org/http://twitter.com/mbreedingInternet Librarian 2011May 20, 2011

Abstract

Marshall Breeding will provide a look in to the next generation of library catalogs. The initial phase of next-generation catalogs extended beyond the capability of the ILS online catalog module with relevancy-based search, faceted navigation, and extended scope. The current wave of discovery systems extends search to Web-scale capacity, addressing library subscriptions of scholarly content at the article level in addition to local physical and digital collections.

Evolution of library collection discovery tools

Bound handwritten catalogs Card Catalogs Library online catalogs – OPACs Next-Gen Catalogs / Discovery interfaces Social Discovery Web-scale discovery services Comprehensive presentation layer

services

Bound Catalog

National Library of Colombia

Card Catalog

National Library of Argentina

Card Catalog

University of Kansas Library

Online Card Catalog

Salem International University

Computerized card catalog

Web-based online catalog

AquaBrowser

Summon

The ever-expanding data model

Online Catalog

Search:

Search Results

ILS Data

Discovery Interface

Search: Digital

Collections

ProQuest

EBSCOhost

…MLA

Bibliography

ABC-CLIO

Search Results

Real-time query and responses

ILS Data

Local Index

Meta

Search

En

gin

e

Web-scale Discovery

Search: Digital

Collections

ProQuest

EBSCOhost

…MLA

Bibliography

HathiTrust

Search Results

Pre-built harvesting and indexing

Con

solid

ate

d In

dex

ILS Data

Legacy ILS Model / Extended Discovery

`

API Layer

LMS

Con

solid

ate

d in

dex

Search Engine

Discovery ServiceSearch:

Digital Collectio

ns

ProQuest

EBSCOhost

…JSTOR

Other Resourc

es

Web-scale Search + Federated Search

Search: Digital

Collections

ProQuest

…MLA

Bibliography

ABC-CLIO

Search Results

Pre-built harvesting and indexing

Con

solid

ate

d

Index

ILS Data

FedSearch Non-

harvestable

Resources

Interim model to deal with resources not possible to harvest into consolidated index

Encore Synergy

Search: Digital

Collections

ProQuest

…Lo

cal

Index

ILS Data

Web

S

erv

ices

Local Index Results

Local Index Results

Remote Search Results

EBSCOhost

…MLA

Bibliography

ABC-CLIO

Encore Synergy

Social Discovery

Search:

Digital Collections

Web site data

…User

Contributed Content

Search Results

Loca

l Ind

ex

ILS Data

Unified Search Model

Search:

Digital Collections

Web site data

…

User Contributed Content

Search Results

Disco

very

In

dex

ILS Data

Consolidated

Indexes of Articles

Library Web Presence

Integrated Library System

Library Web site

SubjectGuides

Article, Databases,E-Book collections

Public Interfaces:

Presentation Layer

Con

solid

ate

d in

dex

Search Engine

Discovery ServiceSearch:

Digital Coll

ProQuest

EBSCO…

JSTOR

Other Resour

ces

New Library Management Model

`

API Layer

Library Management

System

LearningManageme

nt

LearningManageme

nt

Enterprise ResourcePlanning

Enterprise ResourcePlanning

StockManageme

nt

StockManageme

nt

Self-Check /

Automated Return

Self-Check /

Automated Return

Authentication

Service

Authentication

Service

Smart Cad /

Payment systems

Smart Cad /

Payment systems

Discovery from Local to Web-scale Initial products focused on technology

AquaBrowser, Endeca, Primo, Encore, VuFind Mostly locally-installed software

Current phase focused on pre-populated indexes that aim to deliver Web-scale discovery Summon (Serials Solutions) WorldCat Local (OCLC) EBSCO Discovery Service (EBSCO) Primo Central Encore with Article Integration

Social Discovery

Builds on modernized library catalog interfaces Strong emphasis on Web 2.0 concepts Users invited to contribute reviews, ratings,

preferences, reading lists, etc. User-supplied data becomes part of the

discovery process Users help each other to find interesting library

materials Example: Leverage use data for a

recommendation service of scholarly content based on link resolver data: Ex Libris bX service

Differentiation in Discovery

Products increasingly specialized between public and academic libraries

Public libraries: emphasis on engagement with physical collection

Academic libraries: concern for discovery of heterogeneous material types, especially books + articles + digital objects

Developments in Discovery 2011

Continued emphasis on Index-based search

Serials Solutions: Summon Ex Libris: Primo Central OCLC: WorldCat Local EBSCO: EBSCO Discovery Service [Innovative: Encore Synergy]

Adoption trends

Great interest by academic libraries in Summon, EDS, Primo Central, WorldCat Local

Public Libraries: BiblioCommons adopted by major municipal libraries and consortia

Vendor specific discovery: LS2 PAC, Enterprise, Encore, Axiel Arena, Infor Iguana

AquaBrowser currently loosing ground New SaaS version from Serials Solutions

Association of Research Libraries

www.librarytechnology.o

rg/arl-

discovery.pl

Pre-populated discovery indexes

New-generation interface Harvested local content

ILS metadata Institutional repositories, ETDs, Digital

Collection platforms Vendor-supplied indexes of library content

E-journals, databases, e-books Full-text and metadata corresponding to e-content

subscriptions Book collections beyond local library collections

The Battle of the Mega Index Working toward comprehensive representation of

potential library content: ~1 billion items Well within the thresholds of the capacity of

modern search engine technologies Apache SOLR used by most

Building the Index: Business strategies

Deals with publishers and providers to expose metadata and full-text for discovery

Interesting relationship among discovery service providers Publishing business: Serials Solutions (ProQuest),

EBSCO Technology business: Ex Libris, OCLC (?)

Serials Solutions: ProQuest content + growing array of third party content

EDS: EBSCOhost content + growing array of third party content

OCLC & Ex Libris: Indexes built entirely out of third party content

The Challenge for Open Source Open source discovery interfaces:

VuFind (Villanova University) Blacklight (University of Virginia)

No open content mega index Discovery has shifted from primarily a

technology product to a content-driven product

Discovery Services and Publishers Discovery services based on a central

index depend on publishers and other content providers to cooperate in providing access to metadata or full text data

Not a publishing model – Users access content through publisher site

What’s in the Index?

Important to understand what resources from a libraries collection components are represented or not in their discovery service

Point of differentiation in selecting a discovery service

Point of differentiation in selecting content

Open Discovery Initiative

Project underway to address issues related to information providers, discovery service providers, and libraries

Protocols for transfer of content Transparency of what is transferred and indexed Rights or restrictions on how discovery services use

content Initial meeting at ALA Annual Proposal under consideration by NISO

“Proposed New Work Item: Standards and Best Practices for Library Discovery Services Based on Indexed Search”

Summon: Unilateral transparency

Citations / Metadata > Full Text Citations or structured metadata provide

key data to power search & retrieval and faceted navigation

Indexing full-text of content amplifies access

Important to understand depth indexing Currency, dates covered, full-text or citation Many other factors

Discovery w/Full-text Book content

HathiTrust

HathiTrust:

HathiTrust will expose SOLR index to discovery providers (Summon, Primo Central, WorldCat Local, EDS)

Introduces full-text book search into discovery services

A total of 8.4 million volumes 4.6 million books 200,000 serial titles 3 billion pages of text

Challenge for Relevancy

Technically feasible to index hundreds of millions or billions of records through Lucene or SOLR

Difficult to order records in ways that make sense

Many fairly equivalent candidates returned for any given query

Must rely on use-based and social factors to improve relevancy rankings

From Discovery to Management Serials Solutions: Summon > Web-scale

management Solution OCLC: WorldCat Local > Web-scale

management Solution Ex Libris: Primo > Alma

Re-coupled Discovery?

Decoupled interfaces emerged from broken online catalogs Poor interfaces, inadequate scope

Inefficient integration between automation and discovery platforms

New wave of more tightly integrated suites: Alma > Primo Web-scale Management Services > WorldCat Local Serials Solutions Web-scale Management Solution >

Summon Still possible to decouple, but more effort, worse

results

Integration with e-book lending services

Current environment reflects weak integration: Library catalog populated with MARC

records representing e-book collection Library users linked into e-book vendor site Uses ILS patron authentication for patron

validation and authorization Need to move to deeper integration with

more seamless user experience

Device Agnostic

Next-Gen Library Catalogs

Marshall BreedingNeal-Schuman PublishersMarch 2010

Volume 1 of The Tech Set