advancing nutrient recovery through urine-derived fertilizers … · 2018. 5. 22. · advancing...
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Advancing Nutrient Recovery through Urine-Derived Fertilizers (UDF) in the United States
Dylan Raye-Leonard and Audrey PallmeyerUniversity of Michigan
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“Implementing water resource recovery principles has the potential for improving environmental, economic, and social outcomes and for achieving a paradigm shift from simply managing wastewater to the sustainable management of resources”
-MWEA Water Resource Recovery Leadership Summit Recap (2017)
MWEA and Nutrient Resource Recovery
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Rethinking Resource Recovery
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CNP
N2 CO2
CNPMined
Phosphorus
Nitrogen Fixation
Conventional Nutrient Cycling
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What is in Wastewater?
Human waste is less than 1% of the volume of wastewater
(Larsen & Gujer, 1996)
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Human Waste by Mass
Urine comprises the
majority of the mass of
human waste
Wet Dry
(Vinneras & Jonsson, 2002)
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Nutrient Content of Human Waste
Urine contains 87% of
the Nitrogen and 66%
of the Phosphorus in
human waste
PhosphorusNitrogen
(Meinzinger & Oldenburg, 2009)
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Micropollutants in Human Waste
On average, urine
contains over half of
pharmaceuticals in
human waste
(Lienert et al., 2007)
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Urine Diversion Nutrient Cycling
CNP
N2 CO2
CNP
Food
Fertilizer
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Urine Diversion and Urine-Derived Fertilizer (UDF) May:
Reduce the energy associated with fertilizer production and treatment of
nutrient-polluted water
Enhance food security by recovering nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in food
Reduce water consumption by reducing flushing, and improve water quality
PhosphorusNitrogen
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Is this really new?
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Is this really new? The Rich Earth Institute - Brattleboro, VT -
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Is this really new? Hampton Roads Sanitation District- Virginia Beach, VA -
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Is this really new?
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Is this really new?
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INFEWS Project
● Processing Technologies
● Public Perception
● Life Cycle Impacts
● Regulatory Environment
● Industry Requirements
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Photo Credit: Joseph Xu
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What if Urine Never Became Sewage?
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Co
llect
ion
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Pro
cess
ing
Photo Credit: Joseph Xu
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Pro
cess
ing
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Ap
plic
atio
n
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Public Perception Research
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What did you think of the urine-diverting facility?
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What did you think of the urine-diverting facility?
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Would you consider eating food grown with a Urine-Derived Fertilizer?
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Would you consider eating food grown with a Urine-Derived Fertilizer?
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Does viewing the “Uri” Animations impact perceptions of Urine and UDF?
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Does viewing the “Uri” Animations impact perceptions of Urine and UDF?
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Ongoing Research: Surveys, Interviews, and Focus Groups
What drives attitudes toward acceptance of UDFs?
What key stakeholders should be involved in
implementing broadscale Urine Diversion?
● Farmers
● Consumers
● Legislators
● Regulators
● Wastewater Treatment Operators and Technicians!
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Advancing Nutrient Recovery through Urine-Derived Fertilizers (UDF) in the United States
Principal Investigators: Nancy G. Love, Diana S. Aga, Rebecca Hardin, Abraham Noe-Hays & Krista Wigginton
Contributing Senior Personnel: Charles B. Bott, Glen T. Daigger, Joseph Eisenberg, Greg Keoleian, Linda Macpherson, Kim Nace, Tatiana Schreiber & Steven Skerlos
Student and Staff Contributors: Arthur Davis, Stephen Hilton, Heather Goetsch, Phoebe Gooding, Nick Lowe, Waylan Mui, Audrey Pallmeyer, Neil Patel, Dylan Raye-Leonard, Enrique Rodriguez, Alexi Sinanaj, Will Tarpeh, Rebecca Wombacher & Bowen Zhou
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Sources
● Larsen, T. A.; Gujer, W., 1996. Separate management of anthropogenic nutrient solutions (human urine). Water Science & Technology, 34 (3-4 -4 pt 2), 87–94.
● Lienert, J.; Burki, T.; Escher, B. I., 2007. Reducing micropollutants with source control: substance flow analysis of 212 pharmaceuticals in faeces and urine. Water Science & Technology, 56 (5), 87–96.
● Meinzinger, F. and Oldenburg, M., 2009. Characteristics of source-separated household wastewater flows: a statistical assessment. Water Science & Technology, 59(9), 1785–1791.
● Michigan Water Environment Association, 2017. Michigan’s Water Resource Utility of the Future: Recovery Leadership Summit. Retrieved from https://www.mi-wea.org/docs/4._Summit_Recap_Final_20170329.pdf
● Vinneras, B.; Jonsson, H., 2002. Faecal separation for nutrient management – evaluation of different separation techniques. Urban Water, 4 (4), 321–329