Adverb Phrases & Reasons Week 7, Wed 10/14/15

Todd Windisch, Fall 2015

Final Draft WRITING PACKET #2

• You have 35 minutes to finish your final draft and turn it in to me • It is due at 2:50! • If it is late, I will take off 5 points!

• Remember to edit your paper carefully for grammatical errors – I will be grading based on more grammar that we practiced in class

• Please staple all parts of the writing packet together in this order: • PAGE 1: Pre-writing First draft Self-edit Peer-edit • LAST PAGE: Final draft

Today’s Agenda

• REMINDERS: • Quiz on Mon (10/19) • No more extra credit for Writing Packet #1 • Extra credit for Reading Response #1 due by 10/26 • Reading Response #1 rewrites due by 10/19

• Check homework • Chapter 16: ex 6, 13, & 20

• Grammar: adverbial phrases

• Introduce writing chapter 4: ‘Analyzing Reasons’

Clause vs. Phrase

• Which sentence includes a clause? Which includes a phrase? • After he sped away, he heard a shot. • After speeding away, he heard a shot.

• We had a flat tire while we were touring. • We had a flat tire while touring.

• Being late, I told my friend to wait around for a while. • Because I was late, I told my friend to wait around for a while.

• After we hadn’t eaten all day, we were all very hungry. • After not eating all day, we were all very hungry.

Where is the adverb clause?

1. Upon opening the door, he saw blood oozing from Nicolas’ head.

2. Nicholas lay in a coma for two days after being rushed to a hospital.

3. On returning to the United States, Nicolas’ parents received requests to tell their son’s story.

4. The criminals were placed on trial after being turned over to police.

Reducing Adverb Time Clauses to Adverb Phrases • An adverb clause can be reduced when there is a form of “be”

• While they were driving, they were attacked by bandits.

• Remove the form of “be” and the subject pronoun

• While driving, they were attacked by bandits.

• The pronouns need to match in both clauses! • While they were driving, my friend was attacked by bandits.

• This cannot be reduced

PRACTICE: REDUCE THESE CLAUSES

• When he was in Rome, he bought a lot of cologne • When in Rome, he bought a lot of cologne.

• She always listens to music while she is vacuuming. • She always listens to music while vacuuming.

• The teacher was walking around the room while we were working. • N/A

• Jillian will have the time of her life when she is in Japan. • Jillian will have the time of her life when in Japan.

• While they love going to Disneyland, they hate Knott’s Berry Farm. • N/A

Reducing Adverb Time Clauses to Adverb Phrases • Time clauses with after, before, since and while can be changed

without the verb “be”! • Remove the subject pronoun

• Change the verb to –ing

• After they visited Vegas, the Greens drove to the Grand Canyon.

• After visiting Vegas, the Greens drove to the Grand Canyon. • Remember, the subjects need to match!

Simple Past and Past Perfect

• The simple past and past perfect have two options: • -ing form

• having + past participle

• After they had opened the door, they saw the blood. • After opening the door, they saw the blood.

• After having opened the door, they saw the blood.

• Since I started yoga, I have lost 10 lbs. • Since starting yoga, I have lost 10 lbs.

• Since having started yoga, I have lost 10 lbs.

PRACTICE: REDUCE THESE CLAUSES

• Since I got a PS4, I haven’t stopped playing. • Since getting a PS4, I haven’t stopped playing.

• I always brush my teeth before I leave the house. • I always brush my teeth before leaving the house.

• Jonathon and Pam went to the mall before I did. • N/A

• After I had gotten my wisdom teeth pulled, I could only eat soft foods. • After having gotten my wisdom teeth pulled, …

• After getting my wisdom teeth pulled, …

“Upon” or “on” + -ing

• “Upon” or “on” usually have the same meaning as “when”

• When I realized what had happened, I quickly stopped the car. • Upon/On realizing what had happened, …

• When realizing what had happened, …

• My mom went to Starbucks when she took me to the mall. • … upon/on taking me to the mall.

• My mom goes to Starbucks when she is at the mall. • …when at the mall.

Omitting the Subordinating Conjunction

• What is a subordinating conjunction? • Connects independent and dependent clauses • Words like: because, even though, when, while, as, since, etc.

• The subordinating conjunction is sometimes omitted in a phrase • A phrase without a subordination conjunction is called an adverbial phrase • We generally only omit while, because, since, or as

• While I was sitting on the porch, I thought about my future. • While sitting on the porch, I thought about my future. • Sitting on the porch, I thought about my future. • While can only be omitted with the progressive form. It means “at the same time”

Reducing Adverb Reason Clauses

• Adverb clauses of reason can be changed to adverbial phrases • Because, since, or as

• Because the children were sleeping in the car, they were not aware of what was happening.

• Sleeping in the car, the children were not aware of what was happening.

• Because sleeping in the car, the children were not aware of what was happening.

Adverbial Phrases of Reason

• Because / Since / As + Be • We can reduce this to “being”

• Because they were not satisfied they decided to do something about the problem.

• Not being satisfied, they decided to do something about the problem.

• As he was unhappy with the service, he decided to leave a very small tip.

• Being unhappy with the service, he decided to leave a very small tip.

Adverbial Phrases in the Perfect

• The present or past perfect changes to “having”

• Because they had been moved by the situation, people became organ donors.

• Having been moved by the situation, people became organ donors.

• Since the family has been eager to go on a vacation, they went to San Diego.

• Having been eager to go on a vacation, they went to San Diego.

PRACTICE

• While I was waiting for Tommy, I was reading a magazine. • Waiting for Tommy, I was reading a magazine.

• Because we were knocking loudly, they came to the door. • N/A

• As she was sitting alone, she was a bit sad. • Sitting alone, she was a bit sad.

• Since he had studied really hard, he got an A. • Having studied really hard, he got an A.

PRACTICE

• Because Jenn was drinking too much, she got sick. • Drinking too much, Jenn got sick.

• As Veronica had received a raise, she treated her family to dinner. • Having received a raise, Veronica treated her family to dinner.

• While Catherine was at work, she made a lot of calls. • While at work, Catherine made a lot of calls.

• Since I am not a big reader, I haven’t read the Harry Potter books. • Not being a big reader, I haven’t read the Harry Potter books.

YOUR TURN

• Complete these sentences with your own information, then reduce to an adverbial phrase!

1. Since I am…, I am…

2. Because I have been studying English, I have…

3. As I…, I…

• Now, write some other sentences about these topics: • Your family

• Your friends

• Your classmates

DO YOU ADMIRE THESE PEOPLE? WHY/WHY NOT?

DO YOU ADMIRE THESE PEOPLE? WHY/WHY NOT?

DO YOU ADMIRE THESE PEOPLE? WHY/WHY NOT?

HOMEWORK

• When I assign homework from English Grammar, there is a specific way I would like you to do your homework: • Complete the homework on a separate sheet of paper (not in your book)

• Correct your own homework using the answer key in the back of the book

• Try to understand why you got the answer wrong; if you cannot find out why, make a note and ask me during class

• Tonight’s homework: • Chapter 18: Ex 8, 11, 13, 14