adverbial phrase

National Hsinchu University of Education Department of English Instruction

Adverbial Phrase and Passive Voice

Tonny Meng-Lun Kuo [email protected]

December 2, 2013

mailto:[email protected]



Week Topics Assignments

10 Clauses (I) (6) Maurer: Units 10, 11

11 Clauses (II) (7) Maurer: Units 12, 13, 19,and 20

12 Discussion on pedagogical grammar Quiz 3

13 Passive/Gerunds and Infinitives (8) Maurer: Units 14, 15, 16, and 17

14 Modals/Conditional sentences (9) Maurer: Units 4, 5, 22, and 23

15 Grammar activities presentation

16 Grammar activities presentation


Learning Objectives• At the end of this course, students will be able:

1. to identify the difference among simple, compound, and complex sentences

2. to transform adverb clause into adverb/adverbial phrases

3. to review the usage of passive voice, passive stative and correctly edit the common errors.


Task 1: Classifying adverb clauses

1. Think about the following questions:

• What is “adverb clause”?

• What are the five different types of adverb clause?

• Is adverb clause independent or dependent clause?

2. Form a group of 4-5 people, and get an envelope.

3. Classify the subordinators into correct sets in 2 mins.


Task 1: Classifying adverb clauses

Adverb clause of time

Adverb clause of place

Adverb clause of reason

Adverb clause of condition

Adverb clause of contrast

after anywhere as even if althoughas soon as where because if even though

before everywhere now that only if thoughby the time wherever since unless whereas

once in case whilesince

till/untilwhen/whilewhenever


Sentences: simple, compound, and complex

• Simple sentence: contains a subject and a verb, and it expresses a complete thought.

• Compound sentence: contains two independent clauses joined by a coordinator. - coordinators: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so.(FANBOYS)

• Complex sentence: has an independent clause joined by one or more dependent clauses.

http://eslbee.com/sentences.htm

http://eslbee.com/sentences.htm


Task 2: Analyze the sentences1. Find your partner and get a piece of worksheet

entitled “Adverbial Clause Worksheet”.

2. Read the sentences, and then label the sentences into SS(simple sentence), PS(Compound sentences), or CS(complex sentences).

3. Analyze the structure of each sentence.

4. Pair work. Discuss with your partner and check the answers.


Example

After they finished studying, Juan and Maria went to the movies. (CS)

! ! dependent clause! ! ! ! ! ! independent clause

after= subordinator


1. Alejandro played football, for Maria went shopping. (PS)

2. Alejandro played football, so Maria went shopping. (PS)

3. Alicia goes to the library and studies every day. (PS)

4. I tried to speak Spanish, and my friend tried to speak English.

5. Juan and Arturo play football every afternoon. (SS)

6. Juan and Maria went to the movies after they finished studying. (CS)

7. Some students like to study in the mornings. (SS)

8. The students are studying because they have a test tomorrow. (CS)

9. The teacher returned the homework after she noticed the error. (CS)

10.When he handed in his homework, he forgot to give the teacher the last page. (CS)


Task 3: adverb clause to phrase

• p. 347

• [Individual work] Read the sentences. Circle the subjects in both clauses and connected the circles. If the subjects refer to the same person or thing, shorten the sentence by reducing or changing the adverb clause to a phrase. If the subject are different, write cannot be shorten.

• People who were called by instructor write the assignment sentences on blackboard.


Adverb phrases1. Some adverb clauses can be shorten to adverb

phrase by reducing the clauses or changing them.

2. Negative adverb contain the work not or never before the participle.

• Before we danced, we did some worm-up for preparation. —>Before dancing, we did some worm-up for preparation. (changed)


Adverb phrases1. Some adverb clauses can be shorten to adverb

phrase by reducing the clauses or changing them.

2. Negative adverb contain the work not or never before the participle.

• We had a wonderful time while we were dancing.—>We had a wonderful time while dancing. (reduced)


Steps of adverb clause to adverb/adverbial phrase

• Conditions:- adverb clause of time: after, before, since, and while (Keep the subordinator)- when —> Up/upon + V-ing…- adverb clause of reason: because, since, as…(Omit the subordinator)

• Steps:1. Make sure both sentences refer to the same person or thing.2. Omit subject pronoun3. Change verb to its -ing form.


Things you should be noticed

1. You can only reduce an adverb clause to adverb phrase only if the subjects in both clauses of the sentences refer to the same person or thing.

2. Keep the subordinator for fear of confusing sentences.

3. A present perfect or past perfect verb in an adverb clause can be changed to: having + past participle in an adverbial phrase. (p. 345, Grammar Note 7)


Passive Voice


Task 4: Editing• p. 244

• [Pair work] Read the student essay about the crop circle in Great Britain and elsewhere. There are nice mistakes in the use of the passive. The first one has already corrected, find the correct eight more.

• Discuss the mistakes and try to be able to explain the reason in your own words.


Passive Voice1. Passive voice and active voice

2. Formation of passive voice: be + past participle

3. Conditions of using passive voice

4. Structure: - direct use - use modals and modal-like auxiliary - form with get: get + past participle (informal)- have/get + object + past participle


Passive Voice


Stative Passive• Stative passive: the passive voice used to describe

situations or states. - form: be + past participle served as adjective - Most do not have corresponding active sentence - Most do not contain a by phrase

The United States is composed of 50 states.


Reporting opinions or ideas• Form: It + be + past participle + that clause

e.g. allege, assume, believe, claim, say, think…- only the verbs can be followed by a that clause


Task 5: Belief, thoughts, opinions

• pp. 258-259, Exercise 3

1. Complete the sentences with a present or past passive form of the verbs in parentheses(插⼊入語). Add as or to as needed.

2. Rewrite sentences 2, 3, 5, 7, 9and 10 using passive sentences with it + be + past participle + that clause.



Assignment 12/2• Text book:

- Unit 20 Review (p. 357) - Unit 14 Review (p. 249) - Unit 15 Review (p. 265)

• Quiz: - adverbial phrase - passive voice

See you next week!