Raglsttrwl at tha C.P.O., Brisbane, for tranunission by OMt as « parlodieal.

AeMLpjtJi. MjjHj^jgJt THE U.4.U. NEWSPAPER

Friday, 5th October, 1962 litaMlslitd In lOJL

Volum* S2 — Numbof 13

Brief Reports It it hoped to preunt a

Mport of thfl Union A.G.M. in the next issue. In the meantime some points of interest included herein.

The number ef students that have presented to tho Medical Officer, Dr. Murray Williami, with bums caused mainly in the laboratories has Increased turpritingiy and to

there has been a tubmitiion to the Registrar regarding the emergency treatment of iuch, to be posted in the relevant departments.

The Health Service has be­come a member of the Brit­ish Student Health Associa­tion, a large and active group that promotes this work in the British Isles.

Mats injections were given t o : —

T.A.8. TETANUS

91 82 14

Medicine III Science II Ag. Science IV Others

20 26 30

167

23 35

"154

SMALLPOX 79 14 26 18

TI7

LOSS 36

FInincial Report Commem. Ball & Dinner

Cloudland (Net) 776 10 6 Sale of Tickets 1071

Dinner 277 17 2

Printing and Station­ery 44 17 2

Cartage 1 2 6

Flowers 7 4 4

7 0

4 8

£1107 11 8 £1107 11 8

news Elections were necessary for Medicine and Science day

councillors. Of a total Medicine enrolment of 958, 503 voted, 22 votes were informal. The total Science day enrol­ment is 919 and 211 people voted. There were 13 infor­mal votes.

The highest proportion of the total enrolment to vote in previous years was somewhat less than 1/3.

Comparative Table for Elections, 1960, 1961, 1962.

Total Vacancies Unopposed Candidates Positions for which no nominations received

1960 1961 44 48 18 18

16

By-ELECTIONS

13

1962 43 21

11

Last issue

Nomlnatiofli tre hereby calltd (or the following vicanckt on tlie 52nd Council:

Vice-President (St. Lucia I Evening. Vice-President Turbot Street.

coming up The next issue of "Semper"

will bo the last for the year. It will appear early in Novem­ber and copy will close at Union Office at 5 p.m. on Fri­day, November 2.

Until then I intend to do I some work, but in the mean-: time, in order that all loose I ends are tied up, everyone I with anything to say in print or who wishes to reply to something already printed is urged to do to.

Faculty R«prei«ntatlv«t: Agriculture Arts (Day) Arts (Evening) Dentistry Education I Day I Education (Even in gl Physical Education Physiotherapy Science (Evening)

1 representative required J representative required 2 representatives required 1 representative required 1 representative required 2 representatives required 1 representative required t representative required 3 representatives required

Nomtnatlons close at S p.m. en Friday, 19th October, 1962, at Union Office, St. Lucia. Late nominations will NOT be accepted. Candidates will be ot great aisiitance H they nominate early. Forms are available at Union Office, St. Lucia. Nominatioris must be in duplicate and signed by the nominator and two seconders. Both candidates and nominators MOST be entitled to vote in the election for the position sought. Evening students may have nomination forms forwarded lo them upon request.

M. P. MOYNIHAN, Electoral Officer, University of Queensland Union.

iiiiiiimmiiiiiMmnmiiiiiiumi

on other pages P.2

P.i P.i

P.i P.6

P.l P.S

Letters, Union and Uni­versity Notices. Reviews. Mississippi Riots; COSEC Conference. "Africa for the Africans". Portugal today; Mr. ff'hit-lam's address to the Pol­itical Science Club. Sport. Overseas Student News.

»»Miimiiiiiiiiinmnfiimn»CT

ISew President's first ''State of Union" message I t it my intention, during

-the next twelve months, to -write at frequently as passible in "Semper", and to make fhe "State of the Union" column a regular feature.

My principal aim will be to inform members what the Union, in the form of the elected representatives of the «hident body, it doing and to bring to the notice of mem­bers official Union newt and opinions.

I feel that members of the Union have a right to know exactly what their elected

representatives are doing on their behalf, and how these representatives are expending Union monies.

Constructive and justified criticism by members, of the administration of the Union it welcomed at all timet. This is your Union and it is your money that i t being spent, and therefore, what the Union it doin<; should be of interest to every member. (1) Australian Univenitiet

Commission: The Union presented a

comprehensive lubmistion to

the A.U.C. when it visited the University early in Sep­tember. The submission was in three sections, viz: (a/ A submission on the need for extensions to the present Union Buildings to provide:—

(i) increased Refectory space to seat an additional 600. (ii) a large meeting room. (iiii more small club rooms.

The principal arguments propounded for the exten­sions to the existing Union Buildings were:

(i) present facilities are grossly overcrowded and tho position is likely to become rapidly worse unless relieved by further expansion in the near future.

(ii) Most of our existing facilities are singfe-purpose units, but we are finding it increasingly necessary to use these facilities for a number of purposes. The multi­plicity of usage was not pro­vided for, and the re-arrange-mentt and removal of furni­ture not only are of consider­able expense to the Union, but also, in some cases, are limiting the use of other areas whieh are filled with Common Room furniture.

(b) Proposab for the citablithmont of a Union Theatre. These were sub­mitted for the information of the Commission and for the the benefit of future Union iubmcniont on thit matter In lucceeding triennia.

(c) A submission on the need for vastly improved re­fectory and common room facilities within the Medical School at Herston.

Our submissions were, wc think, favourably received by the Commission and we are reasonably optimistic regard­ing the outcome of our pro­posals. (2) Annual Report of the

Union: Tho Annual Report of tho

Union was presented to tho

Annual General Meeting of the Union heid on 16th Sep­tember. It is an exceedingly long Report and contains ex­tracts from early Histories of the Union. One thousand cop­ies of this Report have been printed and members wishing to procure a copy can do so at the Union Office. (3) Discount Schemes:

At a recent meeting of the Union Executive, a sub-com­mittee was formed to investi­gate the various discount schemes available to students. • With the establishment of this sub-committee, together with the appointment of a Theatre Concessions Officer at the October meeting of Union Council, an adequate cover­age of discounts available to students should be assured,

As a result of negotiations conducted with C u s t o m Apparel Pty. Ltd. (Whole­salers of Mens Outwear), Union members now have the opportunity of purchasing

from this Firm, men's outer­wear at prices guaranteed to be 25% below retail prices. Details of this scheme may be obtained from Union Notice Boards.

(4) Positions on the Union: Various sub-comittees of

(he Council and Special Offi­cers will be elected at the first meeting of the New Council, on l l t h October, 1962: These are listed in the Notices column of this issue.

Members interested in standing for any of the above positions should lodge their nominations with the Honor­ary Secretary. Members desir­ous of obtaining information about any of the above posi­tions are advised to: . (a) Read the relevan sec­

tion in the Union's Regu-; lations. j (b) (ionsult wilh any of the Honorary Offic Bearers j of the Union.

Johnathan 6. Douglas j President, U.Q.U. I

Science graduates wanted to work in Malaya

The National Union of Fed­eration Students of Malaya (PKPPTM) have asked N.U. A.U.S. to reciprocate the Malayan Seience Scheme with an invitation to send two Science Graduates to Malaya to work in an appropriate field for a maximum of three months between 1st Febru­ary and 31st May, 1963. They ask that the minimum qualifications be B.Sc. (Pass Degree).

The return air fare to Kuala Lumpur is approxi­mately £230 and although the accommodation which the Malayan Union will arrange will be as economical as pos­sible, participants will be

required to pay for their keep during their stay in Malaya. At the same time participants will be employed in Malaya and be earning a salary.

It is recommended that ap­plicants should state on the application form the type oft scientific employment they wish to take up and if they have any specific knowledge of firms in Malaya with whom they wish to work thoy should state this.

Application forms which should be completed and re­turned to the Secretariat nof later than 5th OCTOBER, 1962, are obtainable from Union Office.

(N.U.A.U.S. News Release)

S4fueakA and

QiMeHA

A little bird told me that during Question Time at the A.G.M. of the 51st Union Council someone asked the then. President, John Besley, "To be a member of tbis Council must a person be a member of the human race?"

Councillors are said to have scrutinised the fellows care­fully and someone suggested a full medical examination for everyone present.

This was not done and the matter was dropped. What would the small survey have revealed?

V • • •

Rumour has it that when Rus Tyson wat out at the Psych. Dept. recently he wat affixed to the "Lie Detector" and asked if he really is a* cheerful as he sounds in the mornings. He said yes and the machine went wild.

Ken Gowes had some dif­ficulty in compiling tho his­torical section of his Annual Report this year because Union records had been badly kept or not kept at all. This sort of problem would ba obviated if (he story of the Council were written each year.

In order to help I sket­ched out the history of (he new council, and feeling that it would gain by good narra­tive, I chose Robin Hood story.

Once a connors time Eng­land was ruled by a wicked despot King Jonathan (of Mag. Carb. fame) in the ab­sence of his Kinsman Richard the Lennon Hated. Aided by the crafty magician Merson and the villainous Sheriff of Uttingham. these people per­secuted the ordinary people who, however, had great champions in Thorbin Hood and his merry men of Green­wood forest who fought evil with bowes and arrows.

When it is filmed the lead­ing role will go to a member of a famous Hollywood family, Kevin Barrymurphy jr. \r.

Friar Tuck and Maid Mar­ion have been cut from the story which must contain no religion or sex. There is no Morris dancing because ha is no longer on council.

Those readers who are in­terested in or exponents of Spoonerism will probably re­call the example I quoted some time ago of the more sophisticated technique by which one transposes words in preference to letters or syll­ables.

Another one which I heard recently is "It's a business to do pleasure with you".

SxjfudeUe

PAGE 2 SEMPER FLOREAT, FRIDAY, OCTOBER 5, 1962

Evidence adduced to prove nuclear risks I lijivc read wltli lntcrc«l

.Mr. Hnrdiikcr'.s o]>inlon of III) nicKlcst letter. However 1 ' do r<«l tlint lie hius nils.sc(l tlie iK)lnt:— I uni opposwl Ul nuclear wnrfiirc nnd tcstluB «n llic Rroumls that it Is inimornr ami lics-tliil to play polltk-ni f^iuiics with (p-nocliliil wciilHJn.s, .Moreover, even to tontcni-plate l)la.s(ing a city or nation out of cxi.stcncc with Niich a wcaiMin Is a Oiought fi'oin the pit tvlilrh .sliould not be countenanced.

Mr. Harilaker admlls thai u nuclear holocaust would adversely affect the genus of the .survivors (if any) but lu Horendy conddont of the Improbability of .such a cal­amity whilst the two Mis-tcr.s K. hold sway. Mr. Jlardakcr has rather more contldcnct In these pontlc-mcn than 1 have. However I would like to remove tho slur of being "mlalnformod or uninformed" from my article by referring the reader to an article In the New York Times, 15/4/G2 by Profcsaor Linus PaullnR, a Nobel Prize winner. Paul­ine opposes nuclear tcstiiiB on the Kround.s that Bross genetic damage is bcinR (lone to unborn children by Atomic Uadiatlon already In the atmosphere which will

inoruase with further test­ing. L'nfortunately this art­icle Is too long to quote In its cntlrlty. but an extract should convey the gl.it of it.

"An lncrcji.sc by f/'r ittn-Kuufnp; for an cflTwtlve I)criod of 40 years (for two-thii-d.s) and »r>0 years (for oiic-thli'd) would nc<X)rd-fnf,'ly produce alKnit 280,000 viable children with ^rosw phy.slcal or mcnt^il ilcfct;t, iL-vsiimlnK that the minibcr of children born per year renialiLs (constant. About H.WM \\mi\i\ iippcar In tlic Iirst ffcncratlon. >Joreover /iborit ten times a.s many unborn chihlren would be daniafjcd .so .severely thnt they would lUe. Inclurtlnn these cnil»r.vonlr and neo­natal deaths, wc obtain ahout ;$,000,00» a-s the roiiKlil.v cstlnmtwl total toll of the proiwscd atnu)^-(ihcrlc tcsl-s.

"I hnvc cstinintwl thnt the recent Soviet ntmos-pliorlc testa will, if the hitninn race .survives, reap a toll aiiproacJUnff (Twenty million) Rro-ssly defective children nnd einhryonic und nco-nnt4iI dciith.s. I'rcsldcnt Kennedy's statement iw.surcs lis thnt the numl>cr of clilid-ren .sncrlliccd to the pro-IKiscd American tests would not be so great. Kut -should

we not be concerned nbout ])ollittin(; tiic atmo.sphcre wltli fuldltlonal radioactive materials in such a way a.s to t'iuiM! cv(m a few tciLS of thoiisjinds or hundreds of ((uni.sands of ifcfii-dvc children and of embryonic and nco-niUal deaths?"

If this inforrpatlon is not oomplcloly convincini;, tlion 1 would refer you to ii. ro-port Issued by the .Joint Con(?n2ssion!il CominSltci' on .Moniic Knci-fiy. This is nn extract (loallnjj with tho liiolOKlcal effects of radia­tion.

"There arc two lytics of daniap^c thnt niuy be piii-diicC4l by radioactive fall-(iiif, known as "Soinalle" and "(Jenctie". Somatic dainaf^c Is ditnia){e to the lirKly by exposure to radia­tion. I'<ir example, .Stron­tium IHl Is a Uoiic-scckfn); substance, the dciMisil of which in tlie bones nuiy Icjtd to Iionc catK('->r or tciilicniia. Such damaf;c I.s not hereditary. On the other hand, Kcneti*' <lania^c is pt^diicwl hy an element that may alTcet the reprci-ductivc ccll.s, eaiisiii;; dani-ttgc that may be iransmlttwl t4> future {penetrations a.s the result of mutations tn tho liercditiiry nie<-lianiKm. Cesium 137 is such a sub­

stance." The report continues:— "In considering acceptable

cxiK)Snrc limits In the con­text of w<»rld-wldc cnviron-nicntai containinatinn from fallout, Ihc lie.st assump­tion that can be made at present concerning the re-lntion.shIp of biological

cITcction to radliition dose Is to a.ssumc that any dose, however small pro<luces some WoloRlcal ciTect and tlmt this cfflcct Is harmful."

I eould continue ciuotliiB f'.oni such articles and re­ports ad inllnitum but. frankly. I do not think it necessary. If Mr. Harchikcr

atm focKs that I am making Cas.sndra-!ikc a Q u a w k s about something slightly less dangerous than the woarlnp of over tight irouacrs, then I can. only assume that he is sutTcring mental constriction from this vcry cause!

.Janet Ijcwis

Australians avoid the problem .Mi.ss Lewis in the 4th

Sciitcnibcr Issue of "Semper t'^lorcat" raisc«l a problem which .strcins to be earo-fully avoi<lc«l hy AnstraliiiiLS, Her extremely positive nt-(itiide tiiwards nuclear te.stinj? was aiiimrcntly "liomtuhl" hy .\lr. Unwlnkcr In the ISth .September pub­lication.

Is Mr. llaidaUor trying to refute the original argu­ment for the banning of niielcar testing or Is ho simply delivering ii banned sclentiJic discus.sion on radi­ation and humanity? The lotter fails to montion other dangers present to everyone alive today—the sterility and dUseases caused by an overdose of radiation. Has he forgotten Hiroshima already?

In the dally press there are numerous examples of IKMipIc throughout the world, who disagree .violently with niieicai* tcstini;. A\nio can sjiy that continual develop­ment of highly cITIclent niiclenr weapons docs not j'liise a threat of nuclear wnr to human survival? Tlie preservation of iicacc by the iinMluctlon of arms Is rather imradoxical. Wliilc the level of radiation of the ICjirth does ri.se, wc are ex-jiectcil to condone llic actioas of four governments.

1 believe that everyone should glvtt a great ileal of thought to ^llss Lewis's letter.

Unrric ICntsioli

In discussing the biological aspects of this question (in contradiction to the moral)

Classifieds VARSITY PHOTOGRAPH I CS. For ill your photographic work'—sport, | social, glamour, general. Estimates: are free and place you under no' obligation. TERRY RUSSELL, phone ] 48 3328.

PERSONAL PROSPEROUS wcll-cducafcd Aus­tralian bachelor 35 years desires to ir«et Asian Sir' student with view to marriage. Nice home and circle ; of friends to offer. Please enclose photograph and particulars. Any • Interested persons kindly address I letters to: Reg St. George, C/- j Bank of New South Wales. Queen . Street. Brisbane

Union notices CONSTITUTIONAL CHANCE

(ill Section 9 — Committees and Special Otflcefs. That by Section 16.(I I amend­ments fo Section 9.6. add the words "Theatre Committee".

—R. f. Greenwood. CONSTITUTIONAL CHANCE

HI Section l£ — Constttutfonal Changes. That the following recommen­dation t>o referred to the Legal Standing Committee tor report to the March Council meeting; "That at the Annual Elections or By-EIections it be put to

Concessions for

t U I S I L L O and his Spanish Dance Theatre

on presentation of Union Membership Card at

Her Majesty's,Box Office on

evening of performance

22/6 seats for 15/-15/- seats for 10/-10/- seats for 7/-

ASHBY UTTING, Honorary Secretary

I HAve A M H O L C

pAPCB OF n'<

VEKV OtON

rrtSEuF TO

t O l T . . .

referendum: 'That Scctior* 16 of the Union Constitution be deleted.' "

—K. F Bowes. 7B(ill Notice of Council Meeting

shall be forwarded to each member at least seven (71 clear days tjefore the meet­ing.—A. Utting/J. Carmody.

CONSTITUTIONAL CHANCE "B.l. The Union shall be respon­sible tor tlte authorised acts of its Honorary Office Bearers, Officers, Servants and Agents and the Trus­tees of the Union Superannuation Fund, and shall indemnity such Honorary Office Bearers, Officers. Servants, Agents and Trustees in respect of payments made and liabilities incurred by them— (al In the ordinary and proper

conduct of the business of the Union; and

(bl In or about anything neces­sarily done for the preservation of the activities, property, management or business of the Union."

—R. F. Greenwood.

Commlttcet, and Special Officers to bo elected Bt first meeting of new

' Council 1. Five delegates to the Student

Benefactions Fund Committee, of whom two (2> shall bo the President and Honorary Sec­retary, ex officio.

2. Electoral Ofticer. 3 Tho Edifor(s) and Business

Manager of the Handbook. 4. Student Information Officer (si. 5. Ptoecssion Comnxittee. 6. Legal Standing Committee and

its Convenor, 7 Editor (5> and Business fi an-

I HAVf. AN C-CltOHiAt. IO I.01t|-Ilt » « » W>* ouJM

/ rAos. t o voRfte ANP / ftOISttiERs TO

COKWCBPONOEN-rS

TO WRITE ^ AND

AS ».ELL, A'a

M U N N ARTici-ts

OF M i n t AS

I CAN I-'IT IN.

agcr ot "Whacko". 8. Entertainments Sub-Committees

and their Convenors. 9. Assistant Honorary Secretary.

10. Records Secretary. 11. Wider Education Committee

and Convenor. 12. Four members of the Union

Nights Committee ot whom one (M shall be the Chair­man.

13. Union Representative on tho A.B.C.'s Youth Concerts Committee.

14. Activities Standing Committee and its Convenor.

15. Clubs and Societies Standing Committee and Its Convenor,

16. Union Fteprcscntativo on the International House Commit­tee.

17. Union Representative to the United Nations Association.

18. Union Representative on the Co-ordinating Commiftce for Overseas Students.

19. Union Reptescrvtative on the Associated Youth Committee. (Reference recommendation from 51 sf Council, motion No. 5I/52B.1

20. Union Representative on the Committee of the Queensland Division of tfv! National Youth Council of Australia.

21. Union Representative on the Governor's Youth Committee.

22. Local A.O.S.T. Director. 23. Theatre Concessions Oftiter.

Committeei and Special Ofticen which should have been elected who should hav» been elected at the Annual General Meeting. 1. Local Queensland N.U.A.U.S.

Education Officer.

TKIS IS «eRn->< OMIV PAIR,

S)HCK r KNOW

« F NO OtllEK

PBRSOM WIO I

TALCNrtO

TO PO

THIS.

2. Entertainments Secretary. 3. Union Theatre Committee <to

consist of the President, Hon­orary Secretary (ex officio) and nine others). Four com­mittee members were appoint­ed at the AC.fvl.

All nominations should bo proposed and seconded by Councillors of the 52nd Council and be addressed to

one must keep several things in mind included amongst whieh are the total dote of radiation, whether it is an acute or chronic exposure (i.e. a series of smaller doses) and further one must distinguish scute from chronic effects.

One must ensure, alway^r that one's "authorities" arc in fact relevant to the situation. Linus Pauling is Professor of Chemistry at the California Institute of Technology and won his Nobel Prize for investigation of valency.

I would refer those who are interested to a singularly sane and well'^ reasoned article by L. F. Lammerton oF the Staff of the British Institute of Cancer Research, tt was pub­lished in "The Listener" of June 2 1 , 1962 (Vol. LXVIl . No, 1734, pp. 1071-2.)

John Carmody

the Honorary Secretary and will be accepted at Union Office up until 5.00 p.m. on Wednesday, tOth October, I9G2. Any notntnation after this time, should bo present­ed at CounclL

Ashby Utting, Honorary Secretary,

University of QuccT>slana Union.

1 OONV see

WMS X S M D U I - P

PIMP AttlOU^

t t S t , I I T H E R .

pi^lMT 16 OF

C.Re«T MOMENT

TO M E . I T

ni>KCS f^E

F t t L IMn>*W*»T.

geiieX'E IT HAS

eE£»J s»io •n*''^ ^ «A>e "TOO WVJCH

rHQTC ST AND

AM RlAtl .V

iNcrcuwE. AND

MOTUME

BOT THAT l-j>(cH0LU6V STUFF IS « UOT

or J U M O K .

I T C O C S M T

(neAN A

THIN6 TO M L .

AMD SO X IMT6M0 TO KCtp rvt

VEA>< OIUM W P m A t L TO ' M f S I t C TO

f^ua KCno

University notices Parking Arrangements—St. Lucla 2 A now students' car park near

the Physical Education Building is now available for use.

Students arc reminded that the parking regulations require fhat all students' vehicles must bo parked in areas set aside for fhaf purpose.

C. J. CONNELL, Registrar.

The Irish Studies Prizes, 19S3 (established in 1953 and main­tained by an annual grant of £25

from fho Queensland Irish Association)

1. There are two prizes—a first prize of £20 and a second prize 3 of £5 awarded each year by the Senate for an essay on a subject connected with Irish 4. Week-end Trips Studies.

Trips between two Univenity Centres where suitable public transpott fadllties are not available: lil Ttie University should

provide transport to such centres as the University farms at Moggiii and Rcdiand Bay, to other University properties and tor special instruction at the Queensland Agricul­tural College, where not adequately served by public transport.

• ii) The costs should be met from the Departmental ndaintenancc vote.

Day, «r half-day trips «, part of class work, and

'rt^'i

2. The prizes are open to all un­dergraduates of the University of Queensland and to graduates of not more than five years' standing.

3. A choice of subjects is avail­able (or the prize to be award­ed in 1963, 5. a. The Irish Party System 1926-

1948. b. Irish Lyric Poetry. c. The Irish Nationalists in the

House of Commons—1855-19M.

d. The Social Problems of Irish Population Growth 1750-1850.

4. Candidates should submit to the Registrar three (3) type­written copies of the essay be­fore the end of first term, 1963. The essay should not be of more than approximately ten thous­and words.

5. One copy of each prize-winning essay will be given to tho Queensland Irish Association and a candidate so desiring g may have one copy of tho essay returned.

6. A prize will not be awarded If 7 In tho opinion of the examiners • there Is rw essay of sufficient merit to warrant the award of the priia.

C. J. CONNELL, 8> I Registrar. ^ POLICY FOR TRANSPORT

OF STUDENTS

The Senate has approved tho recommendations of the Profes- ' serial Board that Unlveriity policy for transport of students be sot out below:

1. Trips, botween Univenity C*Rtr«i In Brisbant, whaft lultabl* public transport fac-INtiet ar* avaHablt: No University transport or other aulstanse should be provided for thesa students.

(i) Students should pay for their own transport on these occasional tripj;

fii) The cost of University transport should be met from Departmental main­tenance,

Extended trips of four days and covering 400 mllei: (i) When recommended by

the Head of tha Depart­ment concerned, the Unif versity should meet 01I0-third of the CQCfs' of transport to a maximum Of £10 per student trom Departmental maintenance funds;

tii) The above subsidy should not be paid to any stud­ent normally resident outside tho State or to anyone whose expenses would be reimbursed by his employer, sponsor, or scholarship authority,

Toacliing Praeflet: No subsidy should be provided by the University. External Students attending Brisbane for vacation counes: No subsidy should bo provided by the University. Excursions und«rtak«n by Student Associations: lil Approved Student bodies

undertaking voluntary ex­cursions ^Quld be per­mitted the use of Uni­versity vehicles whon such are available, and the usual mileage rate be charged to the student txidles concerned;

(ill A competent member of the University staff itfould b« in charge of any Uni­versity vehicle taken on such voluntary excursions.

C. J..CONNELL, Rnlttrar, Unlvonlty of QiiHniland.

TEMPER FLOREAT, FRIDAY, OCTOBER 5, 1962 PAGE 3

reviews books, (iouecrts, recoriliiigs

the philosophy of science: a starting point "Science Speaks" is a cot-

lection of essays and addresses by scientists and thinkers of modern times, edited by Hume Dow, Professor of Rhetoric at Melbourne University. His reader is the little-iniormed but intelligent layman con­fused by recent surges in the scientific revolution — some glorious, some terrifying but ail slightly mysterious to non-scientists. Scientists them­selves, however, arc not fully aware of the implications of their work in a human con­text. This then is the aim of "Science Speaks"—to re­

veal to questioning faymcn somo of the many different opinions of the ultimate aim of scientific discovery held by the very leaders in re­search,

'I'hc editor !ias set .iboui hii! t.-.sk with admimble directness. AUliougli division into five scc-tiotis is somewhat arbitrary, it is very convenient and iht; orJcr il .achieves in tlic divcr.sf colk'ciicit .idds greatly to ihe value of the book. 'I'lie first tiircc sections develop one theme — the workinp o( a scientific mind, described in Bcncrai terms in the first, in

poetry for studeets

To quote the dust—jaeJtet of this book, "This scries is an attempt to introduce con­temporary poetry to tho gen­eral reader by publishing some thirty poems by each af three modern poets in a single volume."

The poets treated in tlie firsit volume arc )iardly wtll-kno'.vn to the general reading public, and tliercforc the book serves nor only to introduce pocuy. but modem poets also. The poets represented in this book arc Lawrence Durrell, Elizabeth Jennings and R. S. Thomas. Unlike many other PenRuin poetry collections, there is no introduction, and so the reader is left to make his own way into the work of these tliree.

It is not the purpose of this

PENGUIN MODERN POETS—Vol, i 1 (Lawrence Durroll, Eliiabofh Jennings, and R. S. Thomas) pp. 119, 4/6.

review to criticise the iKx.nry i presented, but much of it would seem to be rather _ too diflicuit; ot the non-spccialisinK reader.. However, this cannot^ be said I of all the poems, especially some ; of those of Thomas, which briiip out the true spirit of the Welsh mountains and countryside, wiihout the' psychological im­plications of h.is name.-iake and countryman.

Most of the poetry of Dur- ' rcil in this collection is of the . "d i f f i cu l t " standard, whereas I that of Elizabeth Jennings, while still beyond the reach J of the average reader, is j capable of strangely iucid i moments of universal appeal. In a word, the book is for the | student rather than the reader, j

P.T. I

tlie ne.tt a.s these are revealed in practice and finally as inaiii-fesi ill .1 supreme c.xami>le of a scientiiic brain.

fo dispel once and f(»rev('r tli.ii sclcr.tL- is "some kind of Black Art," '!'. 11. linxky shows in his rmi'iently lucid address to wurkiin; iHvii, "We .nrc all Sciciiiisis," thai scien­tiiic reasonint; if- sin.ply an ex-icii.sion of lo^ic applied in everyday life. J. liroiiowski add.s ihe as|Hvt o: creative tiioiiglu to llii.v'ey'f rational view. In Ills very pleasing pro.sr and drawiiii; his csainples frorn many sciences and Iitera(iire».

i he concludes thai l!ie scientist, like the artist beliolds a siid-

1 den likeness, and ii: capuiriii^-this is truly a creaior. 'I'lie rest of Section One is de­voted to Sir Francis Bac<.n's contribution in wakening man 10 the need for first-hand e.x-periincntatioii and accurate re­cording, and to H. (J. Wells' historical "Mow Man has learnt to Tliink."

In section two wc sec how these broad issues apply in practice. Two scientists, a physiologist and a chemist who themselves have exper­ienced the joy of an import­ant discovery, describe the birth of an idea in a wcll-prcpared mind and its pur­suit to truth through experi­ment. Both essays, particu­larly W. B. Cannon's "Gains from Serendipity" are fascina­ting in the details they re­veal. Charles Darwin is per­haps an ideal example of a mail of science. Well chosen extracts from his autobiog­raphy, linked by shorf notes

by the editor serve to illus­trate coitcrctely what scien­tists set as their goal—impar­tial and unmuddlcd vision of pattern underlying' a diversity of things.

77iii sect inn is rounded off by ,-.' brief summary of Darwin's theory nf evolution, und « pronicat'ive essay by Berlrand Russell arising from Darwin's ihrury. Its sireniith lies i" if.< shortness — and idea is I'lun.; tn 'he redder .md left h, ripen.

i)o ice need lo Im-.k beyond ^cience.' 'I'his is a tiucstion I'veiviiiK ni(»r(~ .iiul nioir cnn-erition ;is Science a.- iiiiic.s ''•i!j;er proporiioii.s 'm „iir lives, n is a quest ioii wltiiii IIHIM be .inswercJ iiidiviiiiiali>' •!> euch man !>«ilds a im;i;il code. Section four [ueseiil. ilie con-chisloiis (if liiree iiic'ii. radically different, stiiatilaliiie and lar from exiiaiisiive. I'rofesMjr Nib-Ictt. a le.idili); member .if ihe Institute of Christian luiiica-: lion, disiin);;iislie> ITIWI-LII the richness of "experience" and tile limited naiure of "experi-: mem", but jwimine out ihai ihey are compatible. .\ti;itole Hap<ip<)rt, a inaihemaiical i'io-!oi<i,«t would have science re­place religion, AS. ihe only dis-ciplme capai>le af thorutieh rcvieiv of its foundations, t'n ihe other liatki. tlte maiin-ina-lician Whitehead exprcs.' es Kteai hope lor the uliiin.ne eiirichinent of science by rell.cion and vice versa.

Section five is eiitilied • \ynuld we be bcitev with HU 'Science,'" Idle as this qiiesii<>n seems, attcmss ti> answer it can lead to a knoivledee of how 'o .start eliinii'.atin!; the evil in

recent sciciuilic "achievement", Arthur K.(vstlev's grim and !iif;hly conip.eliini: essay ex-aijiifie.') the Jtistni'v of onr .seif-deslriiciioii, lierirand Kussell's the misery i:i our livin.e con-dilions—ii-.iiiial and (ihysical, VtHi'unl S.iiiiiuT.< the pessi-misin rife loJay aboul our iuinre. j . Btniiimski's, whu saw ihc i'oinlied lliioshini.i and N'ast-asii,i in I'.'-t.i. expiesses faith in liu' .iliility of . eience and .snc-Kiy III I'.ill inlo .step.

/•, ,\- isppr;fri,i;e'y the editor .'•(... :;!•••'•(: •'(.• h:si word to .lih.-rt Einstein, nie .ireatesl U!ei:tiil nl iiur i.iy ar.,1 u ^rrat i: II ill <ii: iluruii'. . 11!dressed iiriiiin-../i,i III .'iiuirr.'s ul the Call-li'rniii institute <i! Teeiinology, hi^ .'iiiipie (tii.i iiim-ing plea is lu „•/,' srieiiiists lo strive to .••'i.Krr' ih:it tiiei' ereat'ions shall

tl IdessiU/: to mankind

SCIENCE SPEAKS, a selection of English Prose edited by Hume Dow; F. W. Cheshire 1 Mel­bourne); !64pp.; H/6.

An excellent bibliography at the end compensates for the size and price of "Scicnco Speaks", designed for the lay public. The editor has included biographical notes on the authors, whom he has chosen well for their s t imu­lating ideas and simplicity of expression. Enough differing opinions arc included to show that not one problem raised by modern science has yet been answered even to the satisfaction of scientists, let alone to laymen. Therefore the common man must be aware of the many currents and deeps in ideas regarding Science and morals to play his vital role in helping to bring these to a union benefiting the world before it is too late. "Science Speaks" is a very good starting point.

Jennifer Nielsen

quadraet This latest issue of Quad­

rant, another of Australia's literary magazines, again jus­tifies its existence with a wide variety of articles, poems and one of that fast disap­pearing feature in literature —the short story. I t is of interest to note fhat one of Ihe articles deals with "The passing of the short story" where a number of cogent reasons arc put forward to account the lack of short stories and the pancity of interest they arouse today.

'V.v.i:\ I'ouiid as a Critic' is liic .sullied ot .Noel .StcKk

QUADRANT—No, 23 I Winter), pp. 96. 5/-.

where be examines the place of I'luiiui in the field of liteiviry criticism.

f)r, Krank Knopfelmacher has contributed .i particularly eiX)d .•irlicie—"Conscience and Free­dom." This is in es.' eiicc a critical review of a recent bixik by ]", Kric D';\rcy entitled "Conscience and its Rieht to I'recdoin". Dr. Knoppfelniachcr lias . onie forlhri.ehl criticism to make. and. in view of attempts in all parus of the world to stifle freedom his words aie to be '.\-elcomed.

J.1I,T.

A diiaiMmi "&tMai" I Tlic second clionil « m -

ccrt of l()lt2 wns a disii-stcr, and wns the most depress­ing concert that I have ever attendwl. Jleluncholy, not bitterness, i-s my over poffcrlnff feeiinjj, .so the cliche "more in sorrow than In anger" has distrcs-slng relevance.

The work of tho Q.S.M. Choir was rcasonalilo though a t times the incn'a tone-was disagreeable. There are certainly the n u m b e r for a female tono of greater richness and depth. Pctor Ballllo (tenor) and Noel Mclvin (bass) were tho best of tlio soloists: Heatlicr McMillan (soprano) and Florence Taylor (contralto) were often shrill and sharp. Probably Atr. KailHc would bo more impres.sivc In more lyrical music.

Bruckner's "Te Dcum" \i>A3 taken lit very fast pace to W'hlch one can, T sus­pect, attribute nitioh of the

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\ocul turbUUty. TUc com­pletion of the work in so short a time ncccssHatcd the use or a protnictcd National Aiithcni ns a (iU-in. Through­out his solo George White jila.vcd very Ilat and under this leadership the (J.s.O. was iinrcinarktibkv

Beethoven's "(Choral" Sym­phony (No. 8, op t25 \n D minor) was disastrous. The Q.S.O. hais, surely, never played worse. Apparently pood playing from this orchestra is sheer fluUc, and tlio reason is simple to (Ind: most of its niembcrs are plainly Incompetent players, devoid of musicianship. Vir­tually everyone in the orchestra ought feel pro­found ahame for this dis­play.

Tlic Ih-st niovcniMit was feeble: the opening theme needs, literally, to l>c hurled ut Ihc audience with tremendous i>ower but there was no evidence of the music's overpowering, liciul-long drive. The .second movement, too, was pallid and iine.vcitlng but iho Adagio was the greatest calamity of ali. Tlic horns, ho|)clc,s,sly out of tune, and with no idea of whut thoy were doing were" repi'chcii-sible, and c o ni p I c I e 1 y wrecked the perforniancc. Celll and lia.sscs were quite inadequate in tho recitatives of the finale {reinforce­ments atone will not remedy this defect) and the trom­bones by repcfitedly enter­ing half 11 beat late also

deiju>nstrated their im'oin-petcnee.

The clioir coped fairly Well with the (linieulties of Ihcir parts. Those tiui.sieal trials are only added to by slnglnf,' tho, wovU in i'^iiKlisli. for which there is no jusilicatlon.

I'.vcn with Koo<l playinj; 'Jo.scph I'ost's interpretation would have h w n pedestrian. There's a limit beyond wliich his poli.sticd competence will not curry hhn and I'lis work is well beyond Ih.il ilnilt. The niaixniliccnt adagio, for example, was, in hl.s hand.s, quite dull.

U was an eveniiDj; which reciuires tretiiondous atone­ment.

John Cnrmotly

Outstandins- season beginning at '^Carlton''

The following arc films for release at the Carlton Theatre Queen Street, during the en­suing four months.

To commence 4th Oct.; "Gigolo" (French dialogue English sub-titles I ; "Naked in the Dtcp" 1 Cinemascope— colour, narrated in English; To follow (18tb Oct:) "Ful l Sun" (Based on the novel "The Talented Wr. Ripley), Std. screen colour.

To follow — but not nec­essarily in sequence: "Kapo" IA picture with a terrific im­

pact starring Susan Strasberg; A Venice Festival Award win­ner); "Wh i te Nights" and and "Viol in Cr Roller"; "Lady wilh a liMle Dog" and " A S u m m e r to Remember";

"Leda" (directed by Claude ChabroU; "Tbe Blind Mus­ician" and " M y Fried Kolka"; "Queen cf Spades" and " W i n ­ter Fantasy"; "Tho Idiot" and "Blazing a Trail to tbe Cos­mos".

The above are only a few of the really outstanding fi lms to be presented at the Carlton.

This will be the Australian premiere season of " T h o Blind Musician."

Students arc entitled to » discount on production of their Union membership card.

BjcVueJtJhijm/6 totud deJliexw^ Amongst MozJirt's other

manifold and marvellous achievements t h e , expansion and dcv6lopmcnt of the ct)nccrto s tands stiprcmc. Yet, curiously, few com-IKisers have realised' the implications of tbis form as, he revealed It and tlteir worlts nre tlic less there­fore. It would seem Uiat comprehension came to Beethoven, virtually, while he was writ ing his third concerto, so His approach is dllTcrent In the lost two llii he followed n dliTcrcnt example from Mozart (E Hut concerto, K 271) nnd Bach (0 major concerto for two claviers).

Previously Bcothovon had had treated the first movo­mcnt orchestral rltornoUo as symphonic and had undertaken development be­fore tho sollst'a. entry, a

procedure which necessarily detracted from the excite­ment normally accompany­ing this. T'he C minor con­certo ia, nonctlieleas, a very fine work of a composor with justified confldenco In ability.

I did not like very much the performance in the Seventh ^'outli Concert. Tlic Q.S.O.'s playing was ex­tremely tentative and re­tiring (some of it out of time, t\s in the preceding Mozurt overture to "II Sera­glio") nnd In the first move­ment, especially, co-ordina­tion of orebcslrn and solo­ist was none too good. Pa r t of the blame for tills Is Barcnholni's us his tempi were unncccs-sarlly varied.

Whereas on his last Aus­tralian tour ho revelled In the production of tremen­dous volumes of sound, he

now sccins concerned with lonal dclleacy and refine­ment. This was most appro-liriate in the U U B O where his araV)estiues — against which flute and liassoon en-Pago In a long duet — were oxciulaito. Rarely do pianists play this section so well. Orchestrally tlio niove-was not vory well intop-ratod.

Tlie fugato of the lliinlc was blurrwl (throughout the Q.S.O. playeil groups of scinl-qiuivcrs In slovenly fashion) and generally the orchestral jilaylng was merely routine, itarenhoim's porrornmnce of the c<Hla. whwe the vondo theme undergoes a sudden ami dc-llgtitful metjiinorphosis svn.s a most beautiful one.

In Rim sky - Korsakov's cpldotctic suite "Schehera­

zade" sonic of tbe wiiul play- i iiiK w;is Kood and, la one pu.stiiiBc. the celli were suc-pilsintrly Kood. GooiKe While porformeil badly with im.skilled bowing and poor intonation: he was often palniully Hat at tho ends of phniHes, The various solo-ist.s seemed ai^tiln too SOK-niented and isolated from the rest of the orchestra and the imisle tended to lose what litilp unity it has. The slow sfictioas were, 1 think, a lillle too .stow; a fa.sler tempo would, also have helped lo dissuiso the timiiy hollow piiMTCs of the score, but the horus were a llmillng factor.

Still, Hiidolf I'ekarck's reading was fairly vigorous and colourful Mith abund­ant .sound nt the climaxes,

.lolin Carmody

Popular records AMERICAN FIUM FAVOURITES,

with the Raoul Moynard Orch-cstr.i. Warner Bros. WS M40 (Stereo),

This definitely is music for the "young-at-heart" genera­tion and can best be summed up by the apt dcscriptiort from the cover •— "Hero i« music in the most suavo Con­tinental manner, created for the traveller who wants to spend the evening at homo, dining by candlelight, sipping a vintage aperitif, and relax­ing to the stunning sounds of the toast of the Continent, the distinctive orchestra of Raoul Meynard."

Tracks of interest include Intermetzo, Third Man Theme and Anna.

Joseph Zee

Below arc ful l details of Ihc popular records reviewed in an earlier issue.

MILES AHEAD, with Miles Davis plus 19 (an orchestra directed by Cil Evans). Coronet KLLS 1714 (Stereo).

1 BREAKIM' IT W ON BROADWAY, I with the Dukes of Dixieland I (producer John Hammond). Cor-I onet KLLS 1717 (Stereo).

PAGE 4 SEMPER FLOREAT, FRIDAY, OCTOBER S, 1962

A special supplement of two pages of overseas student news

A background to the race riots in Mississippi

As Semper went to press the news services brought word of, the chaos in Oxford, f\Mssissippi.

Oxford, a town of 5,500 people hat been occupied by 4,000 federal troops and nat­ional guardsmen. The Mayor and town council have been isolated in the Court- House square and the University of Mississippi campus at the hamlet of University on the town outskirts is a wreck of burnt-out cars, discarded tear gas shells, and hand made weapons.

Two mon died and several people were critically injured in the final student demon­stration in which a bulldoxer was used as a tank in an un­successful attempt to breach

the security cordon and enter the University administration building. Agitators have col-Iccted in the town from more than 500 miles away to egg the students on and generally continue the state of unrest.

Racial conflict has troubled the State of Mississippi since its inception: The state was crossed by De Soto in 1840, and colonized by the French under Iberville in 1699. The British seized the territory from the French in 1763 and yielded to fhe Spanish in 1779. The United States took over in 1798 and moved the Indian tribes across the River, With Alabama the State formed the Mississippi Terri­tory. The settlers fought against the British in the

Battle of New Orleans, 1815. The State was finally ad­

mitted to the Union, Dec. 10, 1817, On Jan. 9, 1861 the State seceded from the Union and became the sec­ond state to join the Confed­eracy. Gefferson Davis, Gov­ernor of Mississippi, became Confederate President.

After the Civil War the State was placed under mil­itary rule. The notorious "Black and Tan Convention" of 1868 adopted a constitu­tion which conferred suffrage on the negroes, and the im­position of test oaths dis­franchised the leading whites. This constitution was first re­jected at the polls, but was finally carried in fslov, 1869 —without the disfranchising clauses. The state was form-

Dramatic climax to Quebec student conference (This irticle was compiled from the preliminary report on the tenth International Sludent Conference, prepared by Austrjiian deloKates Ian Ernst and Cregg Harvey, and presented to the Council Meeting of N.U.A.U.S. In August, 1962.)

The tenth International Student Conference, held at Laval University, Que­bec, Canada from June Z7 to July 8, this year, was one of the most dramatic internationaJ student meetings ever, and reached a climax in the walkout of some thirty nations.

The trouble starte(d with the Credentials Committee which exam­ines the claims of national student organizations to being genuinely represen­tative. Following a caucus meeting of the Asian na­tions, Australia found it­self a member of this critical committee, to­gether with France, Cey­lon, Britain, Paraguay, Sweden and West Africa.

Left tving This Credentials Committee

ploughed through the cred­entials of some 60 National Unions of Students—and then bogged down on the cose of C.N.E., the Mexican National Union, who were challenged by Uruguay. Mexico, being considered the most "react-tionary" of fhe Latin Ameri­cans was also challenged, automatically, by all of the Left Wing (Fidel ist 1 Latin American countries, who In this case favoured a small (but Leftish) group in Mex­ico. The C.N.E. presented overwhelming documentation of its being truly representa­tive. Nevertheless, France and West Africa took firm Leftist lines at the Credentials Com­mittee level, and managed to prolong debate there for some twelve hours befijre a decision vras reached, in favour of C.N.E,

This debtfc had Important eoniequences. In the f int pbee, it WM tho opening move in the battle botween

the Leftist, pro-Castro, Latin American countriet, and the centre-tst Christian Democrat countries, into whieh Latin America ii split.

In the second place, the twelve hour debate made it clear that some doubt existed about C.N.E. and left the way open for discussion in Plenary sessions of the Credentials Committee's report. (The dis­cussion, in fact, continued for a further, twelve hours in Plenary and cast even more doubts on C.N.E.).

In the third place, it set the stage for more drastic attempts to recognize other groups in other Latin American countries—notably Argentina and Puerto Rico. However, at long last, the Plenary admitted C.N.E. by a small majority.

Puerto Rico The real storm eventually

broke when Ihe Credential! Committee began discussion of the case of Puerto Rico '— a discussion that continuued for 36 hours on a committee of five. The central issue wai the admission of F.U.P.I. which had previously represented Puerto Rito at the Inteinst-ional Student Conferences, but was now challenged by another organisation: C.P.F.O.U.

After the first 24 hours of heated debate, the Committee stood with France, West Africa, and Ceylon inflexibly committed to F.U.P.I.; Aus­tralia, Sweden and Britain (in the Chair) against; and Para­guay torn between the strong objective case against F.U.P.I., on the one hand, and his own political affiliation coupled with strong pressure from his co-delegate, on the other.

For the next twelve hours debate continued at almost physical violence level, whilst Australia sought to gain time in order to find support in Plenary for some compromise that would avert the inevit­able (already-announced) walkout if F.U.P.I. was not admitted.

Long debates Just at the point where

Paraguay wai about to accept a eompromite motion on the Committee, recognising the potential of C.P.F.O.U. md granting special itatus to

F.U.P.I., in the light of its past representation and its stand against U.S. imperialism whieh we would alio have accepted, C.P.F.O.U. withdrew "to avert the breakdown of the Conference". Paraguay then swung; the major tap-porters of CP.F.O.U. reckoned that they could achieve an overwhelming abstention on the vote in Plenary which would almost certainly result in re-examination of F.U.P.I. at the next I.S.C; and the Committee endors^ F.U.P.I., with Austrfilia against, 3 abstentions, and 3 favour.

There followed in Plenary a relatively short 11 hour de­bate in which the tension was tremendous. Almost every country spoke; Latin America split wide apart, as did several individual delegations; one interpreter was helped, almost in tears, from the booth; and then — as the speaking list closed--five countries requested secret ballot. The delegate from Luxemburg rose to his feet, and with face white, through clenched teeth, and with fists pounding the table, screamed: "Murderers! Mur­derers of Democracy!"

Mental strain The ballot papers were col­

lected and counted out loud, one vote at a time. As the necessary majority against F.U.P.I. was passed, people began collecting papers. As the vote was announced, (a majority of 8 or so against F.U.P.I.) there was a storm towards the doors by some 30 delegations (about 70 people); one of the French delegates, a girl, brol e down completely after the mental strain, The one tension-re­lieving feature was that the doors were still locked from the ballot-counting and had to be opened to allow the walk­out to proceed.

The incredible patience and stamina of Wahid Ali, of the West Indies, who chaired this session for a total of some 18 hours, with only one break, of 45 minutes, must be regarded ai one of the most outstanding individual achieve­ment* to the tenth I.S.C.

Bob McDonald Local N.U.A.U.S. Secretary, I

University of Sydney

ally readmitted to the Union on Feb. 23, 1870.

Republicans were supreme in government from 1870 to 1875. tit 1874 Ihe Repub­licans fell out and Ames was elected governor, Negro influ­ence reached its xenith but the "carpet bagging" of the previous years took effect and a Democrat landslide was re­turned to the legislature in 1875. Governor Ames had a charge of impeachment pre­ferred and resigned. The Lieutenant-Governor and Dir­ector of Public Schools, both negroes, were impeached. Work was started on re­writing the state constitution and the present constitution was adopted on Nov. j , 1890. This constitution has as its special object the preserva­tion, in a legal manner, of the whites' supremacy over the ignorant Negro majority.

The University of Mississ­ippi is state controlled, being governed by a board of trus­tees composed of the State (Sovernor, University Chancel­lor (the chief adminlstrafion officerl and twelve other members. State control of

higher education in Mississ­ippi has been abused in the past. One Governor, Bilboe, boasted of how he fired two college presidents and appoin­ted another in one afternoon. This same Governor on as­suming office dismissed 239 lecturers and appointed friends in their places; the political spoils system invaded the State Education System.

With the adoption of a new Educational Code in 1953 matters improved.

The University of MissisS' ippi, chartered 1844, and opened 1848, occupies 60 acres cf a 640 acre wooded hilly site. It is a co-educa­tional institution with 4,114 full time students and 696 part-time students, taught by a faculty of 420, in 1961. Further, the University has an endowment $1,003,259 and a library of 316,324 bound volumes including the Garner Memorial Collection of Political Science and Inter­national Law and several thousand volumes of Mississ-ippiana.

Mississippi is the last pro­hibition state in the U.S.A.:

hard liquor Is illegal while wines and beers have been voted out of many counties by local option pnalls—open sale of liquor occurs ojf> the Gulf Coast and in the larger Mississippi River towns — for which the state collects a "black market tax".

In 1961 the Freedom Riders, negro and white stu­dents from northern univer­sities, travelled through the state on a bus surrounded by an escort of national guards­men.

Now Oxford is the centre of world attention: a large student population —' young people full of the exuberance of youth — finds itself the centre of intrigues by the extreme right wing of Ameri­can politics, while endeavour­ing to cope wilb the chal I lenge of accepting the illogic of the long standing racial prejudices of the American South. So far the students have not met the challenge but have followed the actions of State Governor Barnett ani others pledged to defying Articles X I V and XV of the United States Constitution.

Ken Bowes

Ljfout vJank

at the UNIVERSITY OF QUEENSLAND

For the convenience of students, ihe Bank of New SoutJi Wales Agency at the University provides all up-to-date general and savings banking services.

CHEQUE ACCOUNTS

Among the many advantages ofa cheque account are the time and trouble saved in making payments, the safety ofpaying by cheque rather than by cash, and the complete and permanent record of pay­ments provided by your cheque butts and bank statements.

In addition, the following services are available to all general and savings bank customers:—

•ftavel service. The "Wales" will plan and arrange your travel anywhere in the world.

Thtveliers* cheques and tetters of credit provide the safest and most con­venient means of travel finance,

Gift Cheques enable you to give the most acceptable gift — money — in an attractive form. DilTerent cheques are tivailable for weddings, birthdays, Christmas and general purposes.

Sending money. Vou can send money quickly and easily by mail, air mail, telegram, or cable anywhere in the world (subject to exchange control regulations).

S A V I N G S A C C O U N T S

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Interest on savings accounts is paid yearly at current rate. At present, this is:—

3K% p.a. from £1 to £3,000

Deposits to your Savings Account may be made at any branch or agency.

Wlilidrawals can' be made at Ihe branch or agency where the account is kept ai any time, and may be made at any other branch or agency, if previously arranged.

You may authorize payment of divi- > dends, bond interest etc., direct to your account.

LOCATION AND HOURS

The Agency is located in the Admini­stration Centre of the University al St. Lucia.

HOURS: Mondays and Wednesdays, I p.m, to 3 9M,

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SEMPER FLOREAT, FRIDAY, OCTOBER 5, 1962 PAGE 5

::i-::-7&Q--'i\

Africa There Is nlwiiy.s u dimmer

In cxprcs.sinf; un opinion especially when it Ls uljout a topic ns ve.xeil ns the one I hnvc cho.scn. It Ls a toplo about which most of my compatrlot.s feel .stiYHiKly.

for the The author, Mr. S. B. Timbo, is the

president of the Students' Representative Council of Fourah Bay College in Sierra Leone. The college is now the University College of Sierra Leone and its long affilia­tion tvith the University of London has allowed students there to take a British degree since 1876.

The cry "Atricii tor the Africans" is often inter­preted unrealiatically ami often intended lo catch tho more gullible type of voter In Africa. Similarly. In cer­tain parts of our contlno'.it politicians preach trlb.Tli.sii, and tribal superiority •for political ends. But the ox-presion does not mean ox-clusion ot Europeans. It only asks them not to come a-iU teach MS the lesson of '•gooil nmnner.s" in our l-nij. T u. greatness of .VlViria h-ts al-waya bt-on her r-oadincf.s to wclcomo people of it:l sorts and there Is no r«a!ipn lor vw to deviate fioni this noble ido-il.

Toleration liven In West Africa,

where the white man lum not niado his home, wc nrc prepared to tolerate white citizens provideil they are ready to play the ^anic. tVxt wc must insl-st that the yanie of African politics should be played according to rules fonnnlated in .'Ifrlcn and not according to rules dreamt of In the colonial oflices of the Imperial powers.

One may admire sonieono and yet have no Intention of emulating hlni. l''or Inatance, I am a Muslim, but I greatly admire the teach­ings of Christ. Alternatively, one may agree w lth the point of view of .somcono bUt disagree as to the method of approach. Thus Britain, .which was' in con­stant opposition to the French' Revolution and Its heir Napoleon bccaine, after the revolutionary and Nap­oleonic wars, the leading proponent of the political and civil liberties which the Revolution had brought tnto the world. Llbertc, Egalltc, Praternlte could be achieved without a bloody revolution. Equally so In Africa, equality can be won without blood­shed and bitterness.

lie free to enslave others. Tho nationalism that tries to shut out others is only trlballatn on a larger acull^ Where necessary wo iiro prepared to die with man­kind to defend Ideals wlilch in our Judgment are noble. Tho cxperienco of two world war.s has conllrmod this. 'Wo believe wc have a lot to offer to mankind but wo cannot wlicn wo are gagged. This Is our contention, and I believe U is shared by our friends with whom we share the cltlzen.shlp of the world. Truth 1.1 Irresistible wlint-over Its source.

Our nntioniilisin is not an end 111 itself but merely a ha.sis for a univcr.sal ap-lironcli to humanism. This was why .Mali wanted hor IntcriiaUonal sovereignty and why the rrencli Com-iiniiiity was traasfoiincd into a looser association. It wjis for this and not for mere economic self-interest that (iiilnca chose the hard abrupt way to independence. Wc believe In the common destiny of man whatever his race, colour or religion.

Warnifig

Ideals These principles niu.st be

trapped by those who now oppose African nationalism. We do not hate human beings. We arc against dom-tnatloh In any form. We want human dignity for the African. We want to be

''loft to decide our own des­tinies. We do not want to

Sekou Toura, Praildenf «rf Guinea.

What Africans really need Is unity. Africans should unite and point a warning finger to both America and Russia that they must not carry their ^luarrel Into Africa. If they feel they are strong let them try their strength in Europe aud America. To come to Africa and to set Africans against Africans is Intolerable.

Wc believe there is no yardstick for meiusuring the ])oIitlCiil nmtiirity of a tuition. All nations nrc technically xindertlcvelopcd because all arc In the dcvciopliiK process. The Aggressive und c.xpan-sicmist ]M)Iicy of n European lK>wei' lias brought untold sulTering to mankind. Yet no one has ever .suggcstcti that the white innn is unfit to govern himself. Is n inlllt> nrist outlook the criterion of civilized behaviour? Then Africa Ls not qualified.

Sekou Toure Colonialism seems to build

its own basis of destruction. Sekou Touro. the "enfant terrible" of former French West Africa, has his political philosophy based on the motto of the French Revo­lution: Liberty, Equality, Fraternity or Death; and on Scptcnibcr 2S, 1958, he chose to starve In freedom rather than be a slave in plenty. The shocking aspect Is the brutal treatment the French chose to give the Guinea President. Many African countries have acceded to their Independence with some ceremonial gesture ot mutual good will. But do Gaulle had other ideas, und by his behaviour he embarr­assed his Western Allies who allowed Gulncan relations to be temporarily monopolized by the East. The trap which do Gaulle set for Guinea recoiled on France, which for some tlmo became thu moat unpopular European country in Africa.

Sckou Totlrc has no bitter­ness .against Prance. Ho op-

|K).ses her policy towards Africa tint still talks warmly of France nnd liLs friends In that country. I'resldcnt Toiirc a m take courages Freetlom Is not won on a .silver platter. Louis XVI did not concede gracefully to Marat,

The sudden withdrawal of tho I'Yench from Guinea left a gap that had to bo llllod somehow. Guinea is rela­tively unindustriallzcd. Sekou Tourc made ovnrturos to tho West, which hung back be­cause it feared It would Incur de Gaulle's wrath. Gulncans had to live. There was no choice when help and recognition came from the East.

Western fears It might be argued that

the motives behind the East­ern help were irrelevant. The European powers who colonized Africa In the nine­teenth century did not come to civilize the African but to find raw material and markets for their Industries und to forestall their rivals. But the material benefit to both sides cannot be denied.

Western fears seem to be based on two fundamental n.sstuniitlons: t h a t the Jiustern j)owers have iwUt-Icnl motives behind their proITeretl help nnd that the African can be made an im-\vltting accomplice of the communists. The latter assumption, at least, would seem dubious. For example, one can recall Prcisldcnt X a s 8 e r 's unprecedented uttnciv on communism when Russhui uid wns flooding his country. If the African accepts any ideology, it Is because he likes it and not because .someone has fooled lilni Into accepting it. It he accepts it you caimot do anything else about it, as the future of Africa is what Afrlcjirw want it to be.

Tho acceptance of an ideology presupposes the absence of any other or the relative weakness of the existing.one. Wo may Import locomotives and refrigera­tors because we lack, at least temporarily, the skill for their manufacture, Idoius cannot be Imported in this way; they cannot bo sub­jected to the same physical treatment. Perhaps Africans would like to search their mliuls.

End hysteria The West .should stop

being Iiystcricat about com­muni.st iiillltratlon in Africa. They .sliould forget their piist relations with the Afri­can colonics and know that they nrc dealing with nations. Then they need not fear comnninlsni. If (ximnni-nlsm liJ to win the world, as Mr. Urushchev claims, then its base will be In I-hiropc and America. The n'est, has a strong Icml in .' Lfrica. It wlU lo.sc this only If it cannot adapt Itself to the changed conditions. Tlic I'Yench, for instance, should learn to be proud of Sekou Touro as the English are perhaps ot Dr, Nkrnnixh. ftfoko no mistake about it:

Africans .Sekou 'l\)iire Is not pro-l';u.stj he is not pro-West either. Prediction is dimgcroiis. Hut (mc tiling is certain, l i e Is pro-.^frha, which means pro-huiunnity.

The fooilnK ol prejudlco nj,'ainst another person merely bocause of hla race, colour or religion should ro-tnaiJt the mark of tho unedu-cated. In this connection wo arc prepared lo overlook the crimes of tho hooligans of Netting Hill and Little Rock, Hut wo do not believe that Faubua is typical of {ho American.

When intportant principles arc at stake, colour, race, or religious prejudice nuist of ncces.slty recede to the back­ground. Here it is nn im­portant Christian prfticlple that is at stake, and it would be tragic if the descendants of Livingstone, Wesley and IVllbcrforoe should comprom-1.SC it to sjitlsfy their self­ish ends. Tlic most im]Kirt-ant factor we Africans slinrc trnlay Is the tlireat of white domination, and It is this that Is ivnitting us together, Tho fear uf white domina­tion is doing for us what Soviet ambitions are doing for tho countries of Europe. Tlic factor Is n negative one but nonetheless very power­ful, nnd the conception of n United .States of Africa, however nebulous it niny appear at present, has to be reckoned with.

No ghetto It aocnis Hiost strange

that even well-meaning wliite men should be upset by such cries as "Africa for the -Africans". "-A frlean Personality", etc. Wo do not mean to exclude tliom. We cannot keep oursoivos in a hornietlcally sealed ghetto. Wo only want thom to leave us In peace and not in pieces, tn freedom to manage ouv affairs. This Is tho only realistic con­notation that wc expect trom Europe, tho homo of great ideas and natlonal-ls3m. We lovo Europeans as follow human beings but hate some of them .lust as one hates a thief. Wc at­tack principles not person­alities.

1 havo always admired tho governors of Siorru Leone, thoir geniality and the personal Interest tho.v take In the people in this country. But 1 have never found It a joy to look at the colonial Governors of this country especially when they are in their onictal UH (uaklng proclamations ubout the groat seal and the groat realm. Wc do not bollovo In their superiority, we hate their domineering altltudo. But wo do not want to destroy them—not no much because wc cannot, but because It la foreign to our nature.

.Africans to attribute any

.African Hchieveinent lo l iiropcjin hiltiieuce. Sekou Tourc Is often descrilicd us po.ssiswing French (nof Mallnke) ardciihitencss, Azl-klwe and .Nknimali are branded "Amerlcfin tralncjl". Often wc fall to see the in­nate qualities in these IH'oplc. Hence the nc«l to develop our own in.stltiitions. Our diplomats and social scientists mu.st be trained here according to our own way. This of course raises questions but these can be answered.

Must travel I am .thockcd by tho

mania of students to go overseas for studios thoy can do hero. We must travel widely to broaden our outlook, but let us do so as the English O.xford grad­uate goes to Franco or Russia. Wc should not go to foreign lands when our minds arc Immature and imbibe Ideas which, how­ever e.xcellent, are foreign to our society. Our admin­istrators often return to (Ind themselves social mis­fits. The benefit we derive from our Devonshire grad­uates lu psychological rather thajj real. I concede, how-over that psychological I'oa.sons can be very power­ful.

"A f r I c »11 Personality" docs not mean African ohstnictlonLsni. It is only an aspect of hunuiii personality. If .vou want a dellnltibn, this Is it, African dignity, African co-operntlon In fraternity. This is the meaning of the expression in Its political context.

One cannot philosophl/.e with the iK)puI«cc. "they are .Mark Antonys ready to take their cue. Declarations are no excuse for reprcsslie meas­ures especially u.s Ideas and Iirinelples have meaning oid.v when used in luirtlciilar contexts. Tom M'boya, who 111 Accra in IIIRH launched the "Quit Afrlai" campaign, returne<l from Ijondon last jenr ready to co-opcrale with tho.sc whites who will accept equality nnd major­ity rule. Group Captain llrlggs, the former Klght Wing 10uroi>can leader of the Kenya .scttlei*s, may linvci been a |K)lltlcal genius, but he .should linve real­ized thnt the white man bos no monopoly uf political Ideas. His sy.slem of qunll-flwl dcniocnu'y Is repulsive to us and totally unaccept­able fo .young Tom .M'boya.

Ca?idid '

Wei en sky The odlotis and mislead­

ing interpretation of our nationalism seems to eman­ate from certain Imporlalist circles of the Hoy Wclonsky mentality who want lo dis­credit us before tho oyes of tho world. Such phrases as "Africa for the Africans" and "African Personality" iiro emotive aud aro de­signed to robuihl African confldenco shattorod after a lonK period of colonial dis­integration and suppression. Moomcd is tho nation which has a colonial frame of mind. For ii people om-beddcd la a rut thoro is uo bettor oxlrlcallve forco than a feeling of luitlonallsm. Ghana and Guinea have realized this. .Sierra I.eono Is slooplng. Tho Premier said 30. There may not bo any clear detlnltlon of "African Personality", but jf wo accept the presence of British, Russian, French and American personalities then

• tho existence of an "Afri(!an Personality" Is logical.

This article is not a de­fence ot Imperialism In any form, it is the candid ex­pression of the feelings of one who thinks tlmt the principles involved In the struggle between African nationalism and white im­perialism aro somotimcs greatly misunderstood. It Is as well thoy arc gr.aspod, or problems may arise to the detriment of both camps. It is not enough for the two sides to sit at opposite camps .shouting slogans at each other. The danger la that events may drift to a point whore neither party can control them.

To bo Independent is to offer onr own Individual contribution to mankind. Thts is our nationalism. We are proud of It, and we are ready to die for the realiza­tion of its ideals. It Is not new but h.is now entered a phase that has' boon sud­denly emphasized. Wo ask for freedom as our right, not for concossions; for understanding. not for mercy; for equality, not for domination.

Worth

Qualities

'tin ess When we win we shall

not Iniiulge in any forni of outmoilcd jingoism, which .s«KHi results In the destruction of those very Ideals we arc striving to establish. But when the Una] victory comes wc are con-vlnce<l that the enemies of our nationalism vHl bow down their heads U\ .shame and exclaim: "Hnd we cana­lized Insioad of damning African aspirations the world would have been a better place l«>day."

A f r i c a n natlotuillsm should be taken at Its true worth. The future of humanity Is closely bound with it. Its collapse could well be the ruin of the world.

Tlicrc Is an incrcjvsing prosi>cnslty oven among

Our politicians should not [Reprinted from "The Student" bo judged hy what they say 'i"?"?.^ J ' f i ' an intematlon»t on the iHilltlcal platform. jSsEC* i n ' " t W j h e r t t ' l t " "

PAGE 6 SEMPER FLOREAT, FRIDAY, OCTOBER 5, 1962

Archaic and feudal fascist and brutal

Unless your sources of in­formation aro wider than the 'Courier Mail' you will not be awape that quite recently Australia has onco more como to the defence of a reaction­ary Government, This time it wa9 Portugal. In the U.H. Trusteeship Council Australia was tho only nation to oppose a motion condemning the ultra colonialism of the Portu­guese regime in Angola and Mozambique. This article is intended as a factual report of the Portuguese empire so that Australians can be aware of the reputation that wc must have in the eyes of the Afro-Asian Nations who pro­posed ttic resolution.

The brlofost of accounts Oi' contemporary Portugal Itself, as centre of delermln-alion of It.s colonies, is needed to begin.

The primary sector of I 'ortugui's economy absorbs h\ir/o of its man power. In­dustry accounts for 24% and the tertiary sector em­ploys the rouialnlng 2G%. As a pattern this la unique in Woalern Europe The avoiage wage In the cities In somo £2 a week. There Is 110 (lucstlon of striking for Jiighor wages, shorter hours or better conditions: unions aro illegal. In is.sn, only \4.ti% of all hou.sos had running water; only 10,f)*/ had eloctrictty and 7 . 8 ^ Imlh.s. The Infant mortality rate is tho highest in I'.'uropc (88.6 por l.OOO pop­ulation), T.B. la more fre­quent th.an anywhere olso lu Ivuropo. It will eome as no surprise to learn that I'ortugal hus only had an AcHra! Ministry of Health since 195S. Education faros no bottor. for ide/e Of tho population i.s llUtorato.

Controls

Antonio Salazar, President of Portugal

The masters of this mis­ery art; a .small, c(unpac't oligarchy of fnmflles which entirely dominate the econ­omy through a set of <'(im-piciueiuary pcrs<inul and InstKutional controls. On Ihe one hand, a .series of Inter­locking dircctor.s|ii))s link hanks, Industries and Insur­ance houses. On llic other hiiiiil, an all-embracing net­work of cartels overlays tho whole oi'ononiy and ensures monthly prolit levels from it, Tlic ari'lictypc of the Portuguese cartels, the Com-panhla IJnIao :«br l l (PUl'^), (K'cupies a cunipnrahlc posi­tion to the famous .Misr

An unconvincing Mr. Whitlam left niany problenis unsolved

The Political Scientists Lord Keynes as the well- On t

group In the uncieot regime In I'-gypt. CUF has a mon­opoly of the PorUigucse .Mctaltirgicnl Industry. It controls the majority of the shipyards and shipping firm.s, and has a massive share ot exfiort Iiousts and colonial enterprises. Within I'ortugal itself its anclll-aries Inchulc: modlcinal drugs, cement, tobacco, tin, cellulose, nir tninsiwrt, elec­trical Industry, banking, .soai), beer, matches, Hvc-stcMik, cinema, real estate and Insurance.

At the same time, foreign capital penetration in Portugal, particularly British, is probably more advanced than in any other European country. The British have strong interests in shipbuilding and electrical goods, the Germans in /'/nirmfifriittcu/s {.Meyer) and Engineering (Man­nesman, Krupp). There is a U.S. monopoly in the market­ing of cork.

Aruiy revolt Tho logical extension of

oronomlc archaism, brutal exploitation and omni-presont foreign capital Is a political regime of porman-ont violence. Only a massive inaclUnery of repression (ould keep tho whole intol-oiablo structure in place. The Haluzar dictatorship is procisoly this. Born in 102<i out of an army revolt, It was, like Spanish and Ijatlti -American counterparts, tho creation of a military and occloaiastical alliance. The bonoflciarios of tho regime arc tho feudal landowners and tlio oligarchy which

controls tho cartels. Church and Army in turn arc In­stitutional formations of these groups.

Tlie Portuguese regime Is commonly described as fas­cist, and (he appara tus of rciircs5;ion and exploitation outlined alHivc clearly meets tlii.s classiUcntlon. Tlic ideo­logy of Salasairisni — cor­porativism — gives the term a precise hi.sturical reference. Corimratlvisni was of coiir.se, the nfnclal ideo­logy of the Kalian Fa.s<lst i|avty, and ils Imitation in I'ortugal refines Salazar's regime as fa.sclst in a pure .sen.sc of the term.

To sum up: Portugal, formerly tho third largest imporlal power lu tho world, today is Itself an undcr-dovolopod c o u n t r y . A largely pro-industrial Inn-a-struoturc, feudal ownership I.attorns, military para­mountry, a torpid fa.scism. This is the metropolitan complex which dotornilnes the specific system of Port-iiRUose ovor.seas domination; ultra-colonlalism — that Ls, at onoe the most primitive and tho moat oxtromo niodo of colonialism. It is in terms of those two clouiouts that an analysis of the Portuguese oinplro can be mado.

lUglits ok' Man While humanity dis­

covers hs unity and strives for a community of Interest baswl on the re<!()gnition of the Rights of Man, of free­dom and equality among all jicojilcs, the Portuguese

Portugal and her " colonies are torpid, military and miserable

colonialists prepare to launch monopoly of education for new colonial wai-s in ihc the so-called 'uncivilized' name of 'Civilization and Africans. According to tho Ohrlstiunily'. Agrccmcnl between Portu-

Economic and social condi- gal and • the Vatican this

Tho Political Scientists would have it that the domin­ant force in the Australian political system is the Labor Party. The course of our pol­itical history is largely regard­ed as the reaction of tho forces of non-Labor to the inarch of the A.LP. The Crisp thesis is, however, nof well supported by the per­formance of the A.LP. in the recent sitting of Federal Par­liament, where a Loyai Oppo­sition of near majority num­erical strength was scarcely a force to be feared by the chastened L.C.P. Government.

'Hic cause of t)iis impotence nuiy be founJ in the Leader, .'Mttioiigh .\lr, Whitlam was praised for his aggressive attack on the l>ml(;ct tho praise given w-is often ill the form of a fav-our.iiilc comparison of this new­found a(:prcsiiion. with his pre­vious quietism.

In his recent speech to the Political Science Club, it ap­peared that this budget effort had exhausted him—at least, intellectuaily.

Catch-words TTie .Tudieiicc wa.": treated to

the usual criticisms of the L.C.P, policy—the "usualness" was to be expected since the Govcrnraeiu's faulty csiiniatioa of the shape .ind pro«pccts of the economy is widely known, even grudginnly admitted by some of the "Junior Eleven".

Tho constructive side of the (peech was largely confined to vague, goncrarrsation and ealch'wordi, and a statement of fhe need for an Australian overfeai-shipping line. After tppealing to tho revered

-Queenslander Theodoro, and fo

Lord Keynes as the well-springs of the cry for full employment (strange Penates for the ftousc of the A.L.P., especially Keynes who is re­garded as one of the saviours of the free enterprise system) Mr. Whitlam blamed the Menzies credit restrictions for our present unemployment.

Bold planning' This did not do justice to

Mr. \Vlutlan\'s own ideas, ex­pressed in an earlier nicctiiis: of the I'olitical Science Club. His oinph.isis then was on the need for hold planninp if .-Vustralia is to find jobs for the 80,000 to lOO.OOO added to our pot-• cntial work force each year. 'Hie problem was then seen as essentially a long range one, not to IK; spirited^ .iway by an expansionary poliq' in the monetary or fisc.n! sphere.

'Ihc l%2 Whitlam oflcvcd no aiiernaiivc to a restrictive mone­tary ijolicy to restrain the ex­cessive demand for goods (especially imports and motor cars) which lead to a ristj 'm the price and cost level in periods of near-full cniploy-meni. and to Balance of Pay-tnent.ii problems.

Overseas trade This latter problem of our

overseas trade balance occupied a large part of the speech; all that was offered as policy to improve our Balance of Pay­ments was that public enter­prise should step in where pri­vate enterprise is deficient, vii. ill shipping, insurance and credit. facilities for our over­seas trade.

On the face of it, .'\u.stralia ii.is been lucky, living for ten years beyond her means with rclativo impunity. The adverse Balance of Trade of £A1,600 miilions was financed by over­seas cipital. .VIr. Whitlam im­plied that wc arc living off overseas loans, instead ot using [hem for Dcvcloprnciu all bow do:pi before Development. It would appear that a country can have only two of the fol­lowing; rising living standards, heavy eapittal investment (and conseqiieni growth) and bal­anced trade. To some extent these are mutually exclusive. Mr. H'hitlam wants them ail.

A point made very strongly by the Acting Leader was that Australia should force the affiliates of overseas com* panies which are resident in Australia, to export from here, even in competition with the parent organisatitons. Wil l we be able to attract overseas capita! on these terms?

Investment Mr. Whitlam appears to have

a confused attitude towards foreign investment. It's bad, be­cause it implies trade deficits .ind they imply credit restric­tions. Yet it is good for Papua aad New Guinea (in fact "essential for Development" —ail bow down). It's bjd be­cause the control of important industries in the economy is out of the hands of Australians, Again it is good, it must be good, because Mr. Whitlam wants Queensland to have a larger share of what long-term foreign investmcut is available.

For an industrialized country, we export too high a proportion

of unpnKCSsed goods, 'Hius wc lose ttic ch.incc of the profits and employment lo bo gained from prixcssinp poods. For a definite problem. .VIr. Whitlam could offer no definite answer except some vague su^pcsiioii of a Government instrumentality with unspecified funciionb.

The speaker stressed the need for a nationat shipping line to carry our products to existing and potential mar­kets. It has been argued that such an overseas line could be prohibitively costly. Even if such were not the case, the shipping freight payments thus escaped would not solve our Balance of Payments prob­lems. Two factors appear dominant in the post war period; < I ) fluctuations in export receipts, due especially to the fluctuations in wool

.• ' . ., .;.„, f education must 'conform to tions "re wor^' than those al- ^^^ ^^ ^^^ ready descnoed in Portugal, p„,^^ Constitution.' The situation is as follows. ^^^ ^^^^^^^ Mozambique and

Hoth the laws and tlie Guinea, 1)9% of the popu-toncertcil action.^ ot the lotion ia illiterate. The aec-.settlcrs and colonial author- ondary achoola are almost Hies prevent African.s from exclusively attended by the owning rural or urban sons of the aettlcrs. Only proijcrty. Kvery African o„e hundred students out df over llftecn mu.st pay taxes ^ population of eleven mil-which often exceed a quar- non are prepared for unl-for of Ills anmuil income, versity ontranco, I 'orced labour Is the order of the day. l!:very year .So while the Prime .Minister 250,000 Angolan.s nrc rcptetl oj (ireat Britain announces thai out to agricultural, mining -The wind of change is blowing and con.slnielion concerns, through the continent" and Kvcry jear 400,000 people President de Caulle uf France of .Mozjinihique are sub- saxs "He must agree to a com-jccted to roifcd lalM)iir, ,„«,!iVv (// free choice for all," 100,000 of whom arc ex- the Prime Minister of Portugal Iiortetl to nilna* of .South can solemnly declare: "All .Vfrica imd Uhodcsla. This Ajrira is burning . .. heeause the trade in foive<i labour pro- fir,' is being led from outside." vidcs one of Porfiigal'.>i A't; ni,Hrif,K ,;* disease, poverty, mo.st .stahio .muwcs of for- if^mrance. exploitation or Taeiat eign currency. Henrique discrimination, just outside m-Cialvao, a one-time colonial jiuence! admini.'itrator, has stated tliat, "onl.v tlu' dead escape forced hiboiir." - y » -

Illiteracy * .\ row years ago the Port-

As in Portugal medical „j,„e.sc coloniaii.si.s launched .lorvicos aio virtually non- „ violent campaign agalast oxislont. Throe hundred and African patriot.s. i'er.secu-olghtly doctors •care" for tj„„s, urrests, deixirlatlon-s, tho health of eleven million torture and massacres of people who inhabit an area defenceless pwiplc have of two million square kilo- ^^„^.^. occurred In the l»ortu-motres. Tho Infant mortality ^^ncse colonies. Tortugal has rate is .said to bo higher i,uvivys u.se<l indirect mcth-than 40% and in somo ,„j^ i„ ,,erKe<'utlng Africans, regions nvay attain M%. -Vtiw she Is resorting to Catholic .Missions hold a „ii,s.sacre. In .San Tome _ _ j more than t,()00 Africans

from a tnt^il iiopiilation of I-10,000 were liiiled by the I I'di'tugucso civilians and i soldiers in Fcbnuiry, tOiiS. I "I'licse AfrlcaiLs liiul rebelled 1 against the imiw.slthm of I forced labour. In August,

prices and (2) the rising cost 105». there was another level in Australia, compared! mas.s«cre on the IMJtguiti with in other countries. Quul In Guinea. .More than

,., , • , . , . 1 lirty Africans wci'c shot lie higher price and <•«'i ,iend by Portuguese civilians

level reduces our obihty not; ,,„^, ,,„,„^,.^ ^^^^^^^^ ^^ only to compete m wreign mar-.^^^^^ j , , ^ ^^^^ ^^ ^^^^^^ kets, but also ,o compete m,^^^ ,,, ,,^^ ^^.^^^^ fortugid domestic markets against "»-{avails herself of her ,xwi. ported goods Ihe^ solution to-^^^^ j„ ^ . ^^ ,„ ^,^j^^,^ the ^rst problem n largely OH ^^^^^^^^ f„,. „^g j ^ j j , , ^ 0/ the hands of ./wfr^/w, «/- ^^frtcan people ami claims though aggressive sales drives I ^^^^^^ ^^^^ Organl.<wition de-m new and existing markets j ^ . ^ . ^ ^ , p„ r t„ .^j, colonial­

ism. are helping to increase our ex­ports receipts.

The problem of the rising Auatralia should cease iiricc level has recently been supporting Salazar and Join solved _ at till- cost of an un-' acceptable level of unemploy­ment.

Mr, Whitlam offered no solution to these problems,

Jonathan Pincus

with the rest of the world In rccognlning the right of the peoples she domlrldtcs to self-determination and Independence.

H. >IcQucen

72929

Keith Taylor

72929

Harry Illlngworth

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SEMPER FLOREAT. FRIDAY, OCTOBER 5. 1962 PAGE 7

King^s leaders in CoUege sport

After winning the inter College Rifle Shooting, King's ran out easy winners of ICC by 3 points from St. John's.

This year King's won tho Athletics and Rifle Shooting and came second in Rowing, football, tennis and cricket. St. John's with wins in foot-bail and cricket, came second with 181 points.

FOOTBALL St. John's were undefeated

this year in the football com­petition; King's were second, and Emmanuel, Cromwell and St. Leo's shared third place, Tfie season's scores were; Emmanuel d. Cromvi/ell 11 -0 King's d. Union 20-3 St. John's d. St. Leo's 16-3 Cromwell d. Union 11 -3 St. John's d. King's 26-3 St, Leo's d. Emmanuel 15-6 King's d. Cromwell 9 -0 St. Jphn's d. Emmanuel 12-11 St. Leo's d. Union 8-3 St. John's d. Cromwell 24-6 Emmanuel d. Union 23-0 King's d. St. Leo's 6-3 St, John's d. Union f?3-3 Cromwell d. St. Leo's 19-11 King's d. Emmanuel 26-3

The historical game of the year was St. Leo's first defeat of Union for many years. At the end of the season the fol­lowing team was chosen as the Combined College side:

Fullback: D. Franzmann (Union)

Wings: R. Bcilenberg (St.

John'sl, D. Parker (King's)

Centres: R. Woodgate (King's), G. Moore (Sf. John's)

Five-eight; F, Bennett iirnmanuel)

Halfback: I. Keys ISt. John's)

Lock: M. Maguire (St. Leo'sl

2nd Row: N. O'Connor (St. Leo's), R. Higgins (St. John's)

Front row: D. Graham (Emmanuel), B. Ward and R. Elliot (King's)

Breakaways: A. May (Cromwell), C. Taylor (St. John's)

Reserves; M . Bolero (Union), B. Window (Cromwell), D. Dawson (St. Leo's), G. Isbel and

G. Bcli (King's), D. Crombic (Emmanuel 1.

RIFLE SHOOTING King's with a team of

Intervarsity shooters won the rifle shooting from Cromwell with St. Joi^n'j 3rd.

Scores were; King's 383, Cromwell 370, St. John's 364, Union 358, St. Leo's and Emmanuel each 341 .

The six highest individual scores made up the Combined Colleges team. They were— Bourne and Blickarski (King's, 98 each), Solaga (St. John's, 9 8 ) , Barnett (Cromwell, 9 7 ) , Mackie (Union, 9 7 ) , and Yates (Union, 9 4 ) .

The University of QueenslaniJ Women's '\ ;; Sports Union announces the following awards ;; 1 for the 1962 season—

S 5 S = W o m e n ' s Bluesss^ssa M l

.'

FULL BLUE Miss Margaret Davis—Softball

HALF-BLUES Miss Jan Nirnmo—Boat Miss Barbara Benson—Boat Miss Jacqueline French—Boat Miss Esme Robinson—Boat Miss Diane McBryde—Hockev Miss Barbara Budd—Hockey Miss Jennifer Sharpe—Squash Miss Joan Stapleton—Squash Miss A. Hiley—Squash

SERVICE AWARDS Miss Sheila Brewer—Softball Miss Denise Barrett—Squash

R. Matthew President U.Q.W.S.U.

:

I "Xertrj Russell's picture of the recent A grade Rugby Union

final.

Varsity won • premiership in Reserve grade Rules

Swimming Tennis Cricket Athletics Hockey Rowino Rifle Shooting Footb.ll I

King's

i 2i 21

5 —

3 3 5

John's Emi

1 3 4- 5 5 —

2 i 24 2 — 1 5 5 I 2 —

24 1 3 2 1 3

5 4-I

1

Total 214 1

The 3rd Annual Collympic Barnes were held on Satur­day, September 8th on No. 2 oval. The afternoon was the usual success with the large crowds as orderly as in the past tv«o years. Gold medals were presented to the winners of each event by TS personality. Miss Jill Edwards.

Highlights of the afternoons activities were: (a) the brilliant win by the

well trained King's cre^N in the Aquatic Eights despite the spillage by St. John's,

lb) the bravifn of 15 Emman-

5

I 84 "164" "'144 81 84-

uelites who displayed their pulling prowess in the tug o' war.

(c) the freshers terrestrial boatrace which would have been won by the Cloudland Champagne Champions from Cromwell if Emmanuel had not cheated.

(d) the various forms of Col­lege Spirit with the com­mentary by Mr. Malcolm McCamish.

(e) injuries in the freshers steeplechase and chariot race, and from indiscrimin­ate throwing of fireworks.

For fhe second succes­sive year, and for fhree of the past four years, University won the l es-erve Grade Premiership.

As minor premiers. Uni­versity played the second semi-final against Zillmerc, who defeated University in a close and hard-fought game by 10 points. Many of the team played below standard,

I due, no doubt, to the pro-I longed lay-off over the Vaca-I tion experienced by most I players.

The next week saw our [playing of Kedron in the Pre-; I'minary Final. Kedron, from the outset, were determined fo use any methods, fair, legal or otherwise, to counter the superior football of Uni­

versity. In a sensational first quarter, University led Ked­ron 53 points to 7, a lead which, though reduced, was held throughout the game. One Kedron player has since received one year's suspen­sion for abusive conduct and brawling.

Having won the right to contest the Grand Final versus Zillmerc, University were keen to reverse the earlier defeat. In blustering conditions, Uni­versity kicked with the wind, and led by 6 goals at the end of the first quarter. With tiic backs defending superbly in the second quarter, Uni­versity still maintained a 3 goal lead at half-time.

With the wind in the third quarter favouring University, Zillmerc rallied somewhat, and

restricted our scoring to 3 I goals, giving Universify a 61 gcal lead at the final change, '

Zillmerc then kicked 2 quick goals, but for the re­mainder of the game failed to penetrate the rock defence of captain, Tony Burge, at centre back. Rapid passing niovemcnts through Pefer Kefterer on one wing to John Giesham and (3ary Crooke in the forwards resulted in many kicks at goal, with no success. Mike Back, following the ball, broke through to score his first major, and effectively scaled Zillmere's fate. Doug. Langdon rucked magnificently, and he and captain, Burge, v/ere chaired from the field. Final Results: University 11.13-79 defeated Zillmere 7.12-54,

Qld. victorious in I'V hockey

I In the recent August vaca-jtion at the Intervarsity men's hockey carnival held at the University of Now South Wales, Sydney, the Univer­sity of Queensland Hockey club's team regained the Syme Cup for the first time since 1958.

This Cup, the symbol of supremacy in Intervarsity, men's hockey has now been held by Qeensland eleven times. Melbourne University is the only other University to have approached such a record (also eleven times winner of the competition).

In the competition just held Queensland played eight mat­ches of which we won seven.

Two members of the tour­ing Queensland side, P. Wi l ­son, T. Robertson, were sel­ected in the Combined Uni­versities side.

Near win in Softball The University Softball Club

had a most successful Inter-Varsity in Melbourne during

!the August Vacation. The team came second in

: the Competition losing 5-2 to Melbourne in a very close, tight match.

Four members; Olga Popov, Carole Cook, Sheila Brewer, and Margaret Davis, were sel­ected in the Combined Uni­versities Team which played the Victorian State Team.

Metropolitan fixtures com-

menco on October 6th and Uni. has two teams cntetod.

Club coach, Mr. Jack McLaughlin has done a lot of hard work raising the all over standard of play.

The Annual General Meet­ing was held at 33 Union St., Toowong on Tuesday ISth September at 7.30 p.m. and was followed by Ihe presen­tation of Whatmore's Trophy to Margaret Davis and a show­ing of coloured slides of Inter-Varsity.

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PAGE 8 SEMPER FLOREAT, FRIDAY, OCTOBER 5, 1962

Digest of student news from overseas Cuba Germany Japan U.S.A. Spain

Diiring a memorial cere> Since the erccUon of the A meeting of the Joint In ^ho first experiment of StaHttia of the completion mony which took place I j i t waU wi th w h i t * the govern- U.S.—Japan Committee on its kind at Stanford Uni- ^ unlyenity courses of study, March in the University of ment of the Soviet Zone EducaHonai and Cultural Co- veraity. 20 Japaneec under- . . . . . . . . . Havana for the Catholic st«- brought to an end the tree- operation ended in Tokyo graduates from Kelo Uni- 7 " ' . " " % ' " " ' " * danr loMder, Jose Antanto dom of travel between East recentfy with a joint com- veraity, Tokyo, spent a full Ministry ot Education, show Echevarria, who was murdered and West Berlin on ISth munlque itrening a mauive eight-week summer sesalon riiat since 1940 a total of by the Batista police ia 19S7, August, 1961, the IVatJonal effort to remove the language on tho campus besrinnlng 17,637 students of medicine Fidal Castro spoke to the Union of West German Stu- barrier between the two on the 24th June. The U.S. L . - , . ' „ J U , H ^ nf , i , _ , , , youth ef Cuba. dcnta (VDS) haa listed the countries. Tho communique visit has been arranged by "•*• graouaioo. w rnese, ^

names of 121 of the stu- asked Government and private the Institute of Interna- pet cent are now unemployed The Prime Minister empha- dents, arrested by tho East- agencies of the two nations tlonal Relations ( I I R ) and and 45 per cent are under

sized in his address that *'"» Zone authorities for p d - to carry out its recommends- the University's Tokyo employed. <Panorama Uni-"one must form convirKed, "leal reasons. 56 of them Hens. study centre. The 20 were „ „ ) , , , } . Zaiaaoxa). <llsciplined, r e v o l u t i o n a r y have already been con- The recommendations in- chosen by competition from ' " groups." "It is necessary," he demncd and have received eluded suggesMons for a prom- the Koio student body, and went on, "to arouse an'even Prison sentences ranging otion of a joint and system- studied English Intensively more revolutionary spirit in '">m 4 months to 10 years, atized study on scientific, in preparation for the trip. the youth." He condemned Among those arrested and educational and other cultural The visitors lived with their the sectarianism into which condemned there are a problems, exchange of T.V. Stanford contemporaries In some young people have fallen number of foreign students, programs, stage presentations. University dormitories, pur-as well as the exploitation of 0 ' these, three Americans art books, books and other sued an Intensive English privileges. He mentioned in ^^^ two Arabs have In the cultural materials. The recom- language workshop and at-thls connection the case of "icantlmc been released, mendations also touched upon tended lectures on American young technicians who draw ^hcy had each been sen- counselling for exchange stu- cultural subjects. too high wages something fenced to two to three dents, improvements of pres- W h e n fhe eight-week which in his opinion is quite years' imprisonment. (Stu- ent linguistic and other cul- term closed, the Kelo stu

/lirossword)

- - opinion is quite incompatible with the true «< ' t Sllrror). spirit of communism. A- f t * t r»o

Furthermore Fidel Castro

tural training of those con- dents began four weeks of cerned in the exchange pro- trnvedl, visiting American grams. homes under an Itinerary

The communique u i d that planned by TIR. hurthermore Udel Castro X L , - - hundred vauno eiti. .'"" '•"•"•""niH"* »«"» •"«! i * declared that the revolution „ „ , '^f those Afr i«nrta?« * ' ' t "*^^*. *" ' " * " T V » ^ D t i i l i n ^ i n o c "extended a hand to all up- "hkh a e assoeiahJd w i t * t S "" ' ' •? ' ' • "it.was ursed that 1 ^ 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 6 8 right Catholics who despise K j ^ f ' S S f ZJeK ]^:LTSt.\^'V:ai::t ^ • '"Annual Conf.renc. imperialisnn." He concluded p |u / Madagascar, are at Z r T ^x^ndSo -AntSl »' »••» C**"'** " ' • ° " ^"^ his speech_w.th the wordsr present e_njoying a one .yaar". r ; t - f f f i S C ^ j r i ' l T : ?* »^«. .Py^PP*'"." ' " " " r f

lexon nt ol

the official youth organlsa- time"""durrng ""the" ^udemk 5 ! " J " 'tnS'r^ne^^S '^ ' ' " "Tl lrCollege Paper and Nat-tion, which at the present ye„ , 9 6 0 / 6 ! had . i ^ . ^ y ^*"''^"^' ^'" '^""*="«°' ional Leadenhip." He iild ts called Young Rebels" Will giye„ 70 scholarship holders that "a college piper is the later be called Young Com- the opportunity of completing T T - m i m i O Y r "">«• Patent extra-curricular munists . (informacion cato- their studies in Europe. U l U f t U a V activity students ean {oin In.' Hca ioeroamericanal ~ . . . »itiiinmitmiiiiiiiiiiimiu«t¥;

The results then achieved ,^ twentieth World Con- *^* expbined, that Hie official proved decisive for the set- ^ o7S P^n^w^ *•"'*«''• P»P«' ' ' " ••"" * " « ' ting-up of a second program ^ held In u S ? ^ « » " ' """^''^^ *" " / ' " * ' ^ -

a ^ , , • XX ° 'he academic year 1961/ * 'S ta l of Montev ld^a? «*«"»'• "P'"'""' • » • " " " »*""

The editors for 1963|; art Barry Baker and John Carmody.

They are anxious to receive copy. Articles wilt be welcomed which deal with philosophy, politics, education, the arts and general topics.

Poetry, too, is wel­comed. It is hoped to: award some prizes and; students are urged to write during the long vacation.

rrtrirntiumnmiMtMinumtK

scholarship holders. It is the ^ ^ ""ZZcss Vn^ '^0 " " « ' " ' • »° *"'""'' »" '^*^'* aim of the grants programme ^ , , ^ 1 ^ responsibility of the *" ' * " ' ' ! "V . "" •" ' ' "« I'^'^'A of the Common Market to „ „ , « „ ^ » „ r - „ „ „ L „ , ih« »"««» «'»«• literary eHort _and university." As part of the provide young citizens of the Z n ^ r 7 « n tZ P„x nnmimn to serve as a training medium associated countries with the P'-«P«"'atlon the Pax Romana ,^. ?„ . . , „ , ; . „ . , j ,1 . , i„„ i . i .

problems and the activities Id countries with the ^ „ 2 c t e d a survev of Uie *«' }o"'«liim and leadership.

opportunity of further profes- ^J^^^^ ^^^ly^^Lf^ Dr. Tan emphasised that "a sional training which' they K H n l T e r s l S i S J S ^ S =<"'«g« P « « """ ^ ^ave free-could not get in Africa, above ?' S l l n AmCTiM ' ^ ^ ' dom to express views, to all in the fields of economics, ' criticize and to air grievances." finance, agriculhjre and tech- ^ s«'"'s« ° ' discussions ^e said, "any student leader nical engineering. was held on the subject of ^^o does not safeguard the

Applicant* aro chosen by tl « university relationship college press freedom is not a selection committee in each towards political. social, fj, ^^ be a leader and any aiioeiated land and they ati Professional and religious administration that suppresses then put forward to the ComV life, as welt as an examlna- ,his freedom is guilty of dlc-mon Market by fheir 6overn4 lon ot the problems aria- jatorshtp". ment. The applicants then* '"s: from religious indlffer- Defining the collge press receive special aHention ac- ^^^'^ and communism. freedom as "absence of cen-cording to their intended de- About 200 delegates from sorship" Dr. Tan specified the grees and subjcsts. Of the four continents took part difference between censor-scholarship holders, 63 per In tho congress, represent- ship and advice. "Censorship cent have attended secondary ing 97 student unions and deletes facts or opinions while schools, 20 per cent insH- 75 academic groups of the advice usually coming from tutions of higher education Pax Romana from 104 the faculty advisor of the and ^ 6 per cent vocational countries. (Informacion cat- paper merely guides". Dr. Tan schools. oUca Ibera-amcrlcana). declared.

At a recent race-meet'mg it was 5. To tbe Pote, permutations are noticed that one race on the card an incessant agitation (», 6) contained 15 horses, all with £• At missing so momentous a double-barrelled names, A discon- portent, I'm appalled, I earn-solate punter sat stiidylng the card estly request forgiveness (9, 6) and noticed that if the Ktorses were 7. The crowds massed, but I fully ' arranged In a certain way one of expected them to be obedient the names appeared reading down- at the gathering (7, 8) wards in a column between 1 and 8. No payment for services ren-5, another between 6 and 10, and dered ever defiled that noble another between I I and 15. protector (7, 8)

He backed each horse each way, 9. In » pertinent speech. Cook and went home a happy and con- said. "Sen/ants lead dreadfully tented man, the horse named In hard lives" «8, 7) fhe first columns won the race and 10. What sfie endured clearly the others came second and third shows the folly of being ar> respectively. obdurate anchoress (8, 7(

There are two words in their " • T^ i/'?^^"}^*}}! IU'rvmaMng proper order in each clue giving F^'f ,^ ' ' M ' * with severely, an indication of the words used in ,S^%T' '*'"'** ""' 'o"ow the lights, and also an anagram of , , lf'.J,l . j , ^ the full name beginning at the be- '^' *1i^'"8 .j^ver been *eelved. gii ning ot a worS or ending at the * e w th due tn^t dalllej end of one. There are no place 7i e\ '^^'^ philanthropist names, no proper names, and no xZ'. nr,vK.. ,^M H.. !„* . . -abbreviations, clues are not neces- '3- The probe and the inferences saHly in their correct order, and drawn therefrom were dis-punctuation in the does should be ( j {ot' "* "'^""^^'^ '' '"^ Ignored. ,^ ^^^ , ^ ^^j,,g „nopie(j ^^^_

CLUES tion been shattered, in all 1 It was hard to dance and dutifulness he would have

listen in her presence (5, 101 rebuilt (6, 9 J 2. At the crowning too. conster- 15. W^farers and all tnie rowrt

nation ensued as a pebble svas Llin "T (w? cV" " * ^ thrown (10, 5) highway (10, 5)

3. in daring vein timid prepara- © "The Listener" (1961) . tions were mado to bat (8, 71 Reprinted with special per-

4. Is it sufficient to attempt mission

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The Carlton Trovel Bureau Pty. l td. Official Travel Agents and Consultants to the University of Queensland Union, wish to advise that our Compli­mentary Services are available for Air, Land and Sea Travel, both Domestic and Overseas.

The following Special Services are offered:—

•k Issuance and delivery where necessary of all Air, Und and Sea Travel Tickets for Domestic and Overseas Travel.

•k Assistance in all other phases of travel, entry permits, taxation dearanceir bealtb documentation and all other pre-travel formalities for overseas sludents.

ie Assistance in all other phases ef travel, including accommodatfoa world wide, and especially en the "Gold Coast".

The Carlton Travel Bureau Pty. l td. ' No. 1 PICCADILLY ARCADE 340 QUEEN STREET, BRISBANE

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uuu Edited and Authorised by John Carmody. c / - University Union Offices, St. Lucia. Printed by Watson, Ferguson and Co., Stanley Street, South Brisbane