aerial radiometric and magnetic survey clovis …/67531/metadc...d. data presentation 12 1. modcdt...
TRANSCRIPT
GJBX-33 '76
AERIAL RADIOMETRIC AND MAGNETIC SURVEY
CLOVIS NATIONAL TOPOGRAPHIC MAP,TEXAS AND NEW MEXICO
PREPARED FOR THE U.S. ENERGY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATIOGRAND JUNCTION OFFICE
UNDER BENDIX FIELD ENGINEERING CORPORATION SUB-CONTRACT NO. 76-011-S
Geodata International, Inc.
9731 DENTON DRIVE " DALLAS, TEXAS
VOL. 1
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LEGAL NOTICE
This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by the United StatesGovernment. Neither the United States nor the United States Energy Researchand Development Administration, nor any of their employees, nor any of theircontractors, subcontractors, or their employees, makes any warranty, express orimplied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy,completeness or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product or processdisclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights.
AERIAL RADIOMETRIC AND MAGNETIC SURVEY OF
THE CLOVIS NATIONAL TOPOGRAPHIC MAP, NI 13-6
TEXAS AND NEW MEXICO
PREPARED FOR THE
UNITED STATES ENERGY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATIONGRAND JUNCTION OFFICE
GRAND JUNCTION, COLORADO 81501
UNDER BENDIX FIELD ENGINEERING CORPORATIONSUB-CONTRACT NO. 76-011-S
August 19, 1976
GEODATA INTERNATIONAL, INC.9731 Denton Drive
Dallas, Texas 75220
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section Title Page
I. INTRODUCTION 1
A. GENERAL 1B. OBJECTIVES AND PLAN 1
II. GEODATA COMPUTER AIRBORNE SYSTEM 5
A. GENERAL 5B. FLIGHT RECOVERY METHODS 10C. DATA REDUCTION 10D. DATA PRESENTATION 12
1. MODCDT TAPE 122. LDT TAPE 173. DOPTAP TAPE 214. GEOL TAPES 225. MAGDAT TAPES 24
III. GEOLOGY OF THE SURVEYED AREA 26
A. LOCATION AND TOPOGRAPHY 26B. GENERAL GEOLOGY 26
1. Stratigraphy - Clovis Sheet 27C. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF ROCK UNITS EXPOSED IN THE
CLOVIS AREA 27D. SOILS 31E. URANIUM MINERALIZATION 33
IV. RESULTS OF DATA ANALYSES 36
A. GEOLOGIC BASE MAPS 36B. NATIONAL GAMMA RAY MAP SERIES (NGRMS) 36C. PROFILES OF DATA RESULTS 36D. MAGNETIC TAPES AND LISTINGS 38E. STATISTICAL AND GEOLOGICALLY-CREATED DEVIATIONS IN
RESULTANT DATA 38F. FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTIONS OF DATA FOR EACH GEOLOGIC TYPE 38G. MICROFICHE REPRODUCTION OF DOPTAP AND GEOL LISTINGS 39H. BASE LINES 39I. ANOMALOUS 2 1 4 Bi AND 2 1 4 Bi/ 2 0 8 T1 DETECTED FROM
EXAMINATION OF PROFILE LINES 39
REFERENCES 44-47
TABLES 1-4 48-51
APPENDIX Al-A13
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS IN TEXT
Figure Title Page
1. Index Map Showing Area Surveyed 2
2. Clovis NTMS Indicating Flight Line Location 3
3. Data Flow Diagram 4
4. Douglas DC-3S 6
5. System Block Diagram 7
6. Geodata Computer Airborne System 8
7. Typical End-of-Flight Line Spectral Plot 9
8. Typical Map Line Located By Doppler Navigation Data 11
9. Typical Map Line Showing Statistical Deviations 11
10. MODCDT Schematic 13
11. LDT Schematic 18
12. Subsurface Structural Patterns, TexasPanhandle (after Nicholson, 1960) 28
13. General Soil Map of Texas Showing Area In NorthwestTexas (After Texas A & M University and The SoilConservation Service, 1973) 32
14. Location of uranium, copper mineralization andradioactivity anomalies (after Haigler andSutherland, 1965; and AEC Prelim. Recon. Rept.) 34
15. Average Gamma Radiation Values As a Functionof Flight Line, All Geologic Units 40
16. Average Gamma Radiation Values As a Function
of Flight Line, Geologic Unit Qds 41
17. Average Gamma Radiation Values As a Functionof Flight Line, Geologic Unit Qtp 42
18. Average Gamma Radiation Values As a Functionof Flight Line, Geologic Unit To 43
SECTION I
INTRODUCTION
A. GENERAL
Geodata International, Incorporated, conducted an airborne gamma rayand total magnetic field survey which covered a region of North Texas, New Mexicoand Oklahoma. The specific area of this report as outlined on Figure 1 was
surveyed from an aircraft using large-volume radiation detectors with computer-
controlled airborne equipment. Each map line was flown in an east-west directionwith an average length of 120 miles and each tie line was flown in a north-south
direction with an average length of 69 miles. Map lines and tie lines were sur-
veyed spaced at intervals indicated on Figure 2. The data for the total areaof Figure 1 were gathered between March-July, 1976.
B. OBJECTIVE AND PLAN
The airborne data gathered were reduced using ground-based computerfacilities to give the basic uranium, thorium and potassium equivalent gamma
radiation intensities, ratios of these intensities, aircraft altitude above the
earth's surface, total gamma ray and earth's magnetic field intensity, corre-
lated as a function of geologic units indicated from available geologic maps.Results of analyses of these field data are presented as profile plots of thegamma radiation and earth's magnetic field. The surveyed area of Figure 1, which
indicates latitude/longitude position, has been based according to the NationalTopographic Map Series (NTMS) which covers the United States with 10 latitude/20 longitude sheets. The topographic maps have a scale of approximately 1 inch =4 miles. Each final base map is an overlay of the NTMS basic map from which
certain geographic data have been transposed, and includes the available geologic
data. Each final base map has the surveyed flight lines superpositioned with thestandard deviations of each fifth data point relative to the average value withineach geologic unit as determined for each NTMS map. These base maps are identifiedas National Gamma Ray Map Series maps (NGRMS).
Computer profile plots of the gamma radiation and magnetic data have
been created for all surveyed map lines and tie lines. Each line has indicatedon the profiled line the location of each geologic type as a function of recordnumber. The distribution of data within each geologic unit has been calculatedand is included. The scale of the profile data in this final report is 1:500,000and the scale of the NGRMS is both 1:250,000 and 1:500,000. The bound final re-port containing the 1:500,000 profile data will also contain the flight linemap, geologic base of the pertinent NTMS and the NGRMS maps indicating thestandard deviations at the scale of 1:500,000. Two sets of profiled data foreach line flown are included with one set displaying magnetic field, gamma ra-
diation and other data. The second set includes only magnetic field, tempera-
ture, pressure and altitude data. Each set contains the flight line location
relative to the geologic map. All data have been located giving latitude andlongitude positions in fractional degrees as made possible from continuousdoppler encoding of the aircraft location. Data have been acquired and processedaccording to the data flow shown in Figure 3.
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This final report includes a general geologic description of thearea, including descriptions of the various geologic units and correlates the
airborne data to the geologic units as provided by the geologic maps. Alsoincluded is a frequency distribution study of the data as a function of the
geologic units encountered over the NTMS area including tie line data.
The final report is composed of a report on the area surveyed whichincludes all DOPTAP and GEOL computer output final data on MICROFICHE for allprofile data for the map lines and tie lines surveyed.
4
SECTION II
GEODATA COMPUTER AIRBORNE SYSTEM
A. GENERAL
The Geodata Computer Airborne System (GCAS) is mounted in a DouglasSuper DC-3 shown in Figure 4. The functional block diagram is shown in Figure5 and the airborne system is presented in Figure 6. Nine (9) 111" dia. by 4"thick NaI(Tl) detectors are used to measure the spectral gamma ray intensityat an aircraft elevation of about 400 feet above the earth's surface. Eight (8)of these nine (9) detectors are positioned to measure the gamma rays from theearth's surface (from 4ir solid angle). The ninth detector is mounted, partiallyshielded, to monitor 2 1 4Bi radiation incoming from the upper 21r solid angle.
Each detector has a volume of 415 cubic inches. Eight detectors
give a total volume for measurement of 4'n solid angle data of 3320 cubic inches,or a V/v = 23.7 at an aircraft speed of 140 mph (V = detector volume, in. 3;
v = aircraft speed, mph). However, the effective detector volume is larger for
measurement of 2 14 Bi since normal procedure in gamma ray spectral energy data re-
duction is to measure the counts in the 1.46 MeV energy window from 40K, in the1.764 MeV energy window from 2 1 4Bi and in the 2.615 MeV energy window from 208 T9.Geodata's data reduction methods utilize multi-energy windows above 1.0 Mev for2 14Bi calculations, and relative to the energy in the photopeak about 1.764 MeValone, gains an increase in counts by a factor of 2.90. This gives the statisti-
cal improvement in counting rate which would be gained by about 9 large detectors,
or an effective V/v = 26.7 at an aircraft speed of 140 mph.
The system block diagram of Figure 5 shows the center of the systemto be the NOVA computer. The 8-detector data are accumulated for each one-
second data integration period in a manner giving no dead-time for read-outonto magnetic tapes. Two magnetic tape recorders are used, one recording totalspectral data and computer results (LDT), and the other only the computer results(CDT). Digital-to-analog conversion-of the resultant intensities, their ratiosand magnetic data are plotted onto multitrack paper as data are gathered allow-ing immediate examination for anomalous data. A third section of the computer
core gathers spectral radiation data and continues to sum each second's data
until the end of the flight line (EOFL), Figure 7. The spectral data from the
single detector are normally accumulated each 19 seconds, depending upon the
variation of atmospheric radon decay daughters. The computer uses data fromthe shielded detector to determine the concentration of the atmospheric 2 1 4Bi
which allows calculation of the surface-emanated 2 1 4Bi values before altitude
corrections. The computer then corrects all data to a constant aircraft altitude
above the surface of 400 feet. A highly accurate radar altimeter, the CollinsALT-50 system, makes 8 measurements/second and gives from the computer the ave-rage of these eight readings. Automatic digital gain calibration of the 8-detec-tor and 1-detector system is accomplished by stabilizing on the 4 0K photopeakdata.
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A 0.5 gamma proton precession magnetometer is also sampled once persecond providing a measurement of the total intensity of the earth's magneticfield. The sensor is carried as a "bird" on a 100 foot cable to minimize themagnetic effects of the aircraft, (Figure 4). Digitizing of doppler navigationcross-track and along-track analog data allows position information to be recordedeach second. This Bendix DRA - 12C system has a + 100th/nautical mile accuracy.A permanent record of flight location is also made using 35-mm film which recordsa continuous recoverable track with 20% overlap/frame at an elevation of 400feet. Any two 6-digit numbers are displayed during flight; one allows the navi-gator to observe the record number-of-the-day along the flight line and the second
allows the GCAS operator to observe any computer number desired.
The attenuation of gamma radiation is calculated using equations account-ing for air density and uses theoretical values of the published data for attenua-tion coefficients. The energy region from 3-6 Mev is used to allow cosmic eventsto be removed from the data in the energy range 0-3 Mev. Energy resolution fromthe 1 37Cs 662.0 Kev photopeak was 9.0% or better for each detector.
The GCAS equipment has 3 basic operating modes: (1) CALIBRATE, whichallows proper gain calibration of the radiation detectors to be set; (2) OPERATE,which allows data to be received, reduced and recorded, and (3) PLAYBACK, whichallows the operator to examine the newly acquired data.
B. FLIGHT RECOVERY METHODS
Doppler navigation system data have been used to locate the flight lineposition of most of the data. These doppler lines have been positioned by manylocations determined by photography and/or navigator visual position locationas a function of displayed record numbers. These data are plotted giving theflight path as a line of dots, each dot. representing every 5th record location,and each X represents every 50th record location. Figure 8 indicates the plot of
a typical map line. The use of doppler data for flight line locating is moreaccurate than the use of photography, especially when the region surveyed hasinsufficiently detailed base maps or has featureless topography.
C. DATA REDUCTION.
Field data tapes were received in Dallas and were immediately processedto determine data quality. Normally only CDT tapes are processed to give theresults; however, if digital problems exist in the CDT, the LDT, which has totalspectral data, is used to recover the data. Data reduction is accomplished accord-
ing to the data flow shown in Figure 3. Reduction procedure requires matrixoperator data multiplication, instrument live time and radiation background cor-
rection, calculation of the airborne 21 4Bi concentration and removal of the2 14Bi airborne contribution from the 8-detector data, and altitude correctionto a constant 400 feet above the surface. Data reduction matrices have
been acquired in an airborne environment, and under constant detector energy
10
.... X.......X....
Figure 8. - Typical Map Line Located By Doppler Navigation Data
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Figure 9. - Typical Map Line Showing Statistical Deviations
11
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resolution conditions. Removal of the cosmic ray-created energy contribution
to the field spectrum is necessary in order to give proper reduction of the208 T2, 21 4Bi and 4 0 K data. Reduction of each one-second spectral record givesbasic 208 T2, 2 1 4Bi and 40 K data where instrument live time correction and air-
craft background count removal must be made prior to altitude correction to 400
foot elevation above the surface.
D. DATA PRESENTATION
The surveyed area was positioned geographically to completely coverthe specific National Topographic Map. Each topographic map has been used asthe flight base and sufficient geographical and 15' location information havebeen shown. The flight line pattern has been superpositioned onto these createdbase maps where the standard deviation levels for each independent variable and
each ratio of these variables have been plotted (NGRMS) based on the data con-tained within the total map area. Every 5th data point along each map line hasits standard deviation value shown at the location of that value. Therefore, thereare 6 NGRMS sheets which indicate the location and magnitude of anomalous data.(See Figure 9)
The multivariable map line profile, which represents all variablesas a function of their latitude.and longitude location for each line, is pre-
sented at a scale of 1:500,000. Each profile presents:
1. aircraft altitude above the surface 7. gross count (greater than 400 Kev)2. 20 8TQ (from 2 3 2Th decay series) 8. s4Bi/2 0 8TR ratio3. 214Bi (from 238U decay series) 9. 214Bi/4 0K ratio4. 40K (from natural potassium) 10. 208TI/ 40K ratio5. BiAir (atmospheric 214Bi) 11. geologic data6. Residual magnetic field data
The residual magnetic field map line profile, which represents four
variables as a function of their latitude and longitude location for each line,plus geologic data at a scale of 1:500,000 is presented as:
1. aircraft altitude 4. residual magnetic field data2. atmospheric temperature 5. geologic data
3. atmospheric pressure
The airborne field system creates 2 tapes, the LDT tape which pro-vides total spectral information and the CDT tape which provides computer con-densed data (Figure 3). The processing of data normally involves only the CDTtape on which final editing is made and from which a modified CDT tape (MDDCDT)is created. The MODCDT tape represents corrected and final field data prior
to final data processing. The M1DCDT and the LDT tapes are described below.
1. MODCDT TAPE
CODE: Binary, 800 bpiWORD SIZE: 16 bits
12
CONTROL WORDS: None
BLOCK COUNT: None
A schematic representation of the MODCDT is shown in Figure 10. A
description is given below.
D
C CENDOFTAPE
ABHBI 2 1681121 68B 1 2 -17612131415 6768 TBBH623 68 B A A
Figure 10. - MODCDT Schematic
A = File mark (EOF)
B = Record gapH = Header record (100 words)
C = Logical record (10 one second measurements consisting of a totalof 680 words or 688 words as explained later)
D = Physical record (One Flight Line)
T = Trailer record (780 words)
AA = Two EOF at End of Tape
During the survey, measurements are made every one second using 8
unshielded NaI(TI) detectors and every 19 seconds using 1 shielded NaI(TR) detector.
The first logical record (C) will have the data obtained from the 8 detectors only
and will contain 680 words. The next logical record will contain the data from
the 8 detectors, and one of these measurements will contain the data from the 1
shielded detector for a total of 688 words. This scheme repeats throughout the
flight line. A description of one second's worth of data is included below:
One Second Measurement (10 such measurements in a Logical Record) - MODCDT TAPE
Word No. Description Comments
1 Type of record (0 or 1) 1 indicates shielded detector dataadded
2 Record Number Increments each second
13
Word No.
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14-18
19
20
21
Description Comments
Live Time Count Live time for 8 detectors,
in milliseconds
Hour
Minutes
Seconds
Day
Month
Year
Flight Line Number Not necessarily same as MapLine number. Increments eachFlight Line.
Radar Altitude Voltage from altimeter
Barometric pressure
Temperature
(Not used)
Sum of counts in channels256-511, 8.detectors
Sum of counts in channels207-239, 8 detectors
Sum of counts in channels91-113 and 141-206, 8 detectors
Sum of counts in channels114-140, 8 detectors
Sum of counts in channels91-113, 8 detectors
Sum of counts in channels
35-90, 8 detectors
Sum of counts in channels
11-22, 8 detectors
22
23
24
25
14
Comments
Sum of counts in channels
11-34, 8 detectors
Sum of counts in channels
57-62, 8 detectors
(Not Used)
Altitude in feet
(Not Used)
Magnetometer
Magnetometer
(Not Used)
Sign of X
X in Doppler Units
Sign of Y
Y in Doppler Units
Two Words required. Last in-teger of word 46 is same asfirst integer of word 47.
Doppler Output, 0 indicateslocation 52 if positive.
Along track
Doppler Output, 0 indicateslocation 54 is positive.
Left or Right of track
(Not Used)
0 Type 0 Record only (see word #1)
If the 1 second being measured is also the end of a 19 second periodfor obtaining the shielded detector data (indicated by a 1 in Word #1), thefollowing words are added.
Live time count Type 1 record only. Live timefor shielded detector in milli-second s
Sum of counts in channels256-512, shielded detector
Sum of counts in channels207-239, shielded detector
Sum of counts in channels57-62, 91-113 and 141-206,shielded detector
26
27
28-41
42
43-45
46
47
48-50
51
52
53
54
55-67
68
68
69
70
71
15
Word No.
Word No. Description Comments
72 Sum of counts in
channels 114-140,shielded detector
73 Sum of counts inchannels 91-113,shielded detector
74 Sum of counts in
channels 35-90,shielded detector
75 Sum of counts inchannels 57-62,shielded detector
76 1
Header and Trailer Records on MODCDT
The Header Record consists of 100 Words and appears at the start ofeach physical record (start of each flight line). The only information used isthe first two Words.
1st Word = 1
2nd Word = Flight line number
The Trailer Record consists of 780 Words and appears at the end of
each physical record (end of each flight line). A description is given below.
Word No. Description Comments
1 2 Record type
2 Hour Start of Flight Line
3 Minute Start of Flight Line
4 Seconds Start of Flight Line
5 Hour End of Flight Line
6 Minute End of Flight Line
7 Seconds End of Flight Line
8 Day
16
Description
9
10
11
12
13
14
2. LDT TAPE
CODE: Binary 556 biVV~lL0 LA L"A.y, ~~V L
WORD SIZE: 16 bitsCONTROL WORDS: NoneBLOCK COUNT: None
17
Month
Year
Flight Line Number
Live time count,8 detectors
Over flow
Counts in channels
256-511, 8 detectors
End of flight linespectrum, 8 detectors
Live Time count,
shielded detector
Over flow
Counts in channels
256-511, shieldeddetector
End of flight linespectrum, shieldeddetector
Total live time during flightline in milliseconds
First 8 bits for Word 11.Second 8 bits for Word 12.
Total count obtained during
flight line
Spectrum accumulated over en-
tire flight line beginning withchannel 1. Calibration is 2.615Mev in channel 224
Total live time during flightline in milliseconds
First 8 bits for Word 395.Second 8 bits for Word 396.
Total count obtained during
flight line
Spectrum accumulated over en-tire flight line beginning withchannel 1. Calibration is 2.615Mev in channel 224.
15-395
396
397
398
399-780
Word No. Commients
Li r a-
A schematic representation of the LDT is shown in Figure 11. A des-
scription is given below.
D
C C ENDOF
TM TAPE
Figure 11. - LDT Schematic
A = File markB = Record gap
H = Header record (100 words)
C = Logical record (1 second of data consisting of a total of 1023
or 1289 words as explained later)D = Physical record (one flight line)T = Trailer record (780 words)
AA = Two EOF at end of tape
During the survey, measurements are made every one second using 8
unshielded NaI(TR) detectors and every 19 seconds using 1 shielded NaI(T()detector. For 18 seconds, 18 logical records will be obtained from the 8
detectors only for a total of 1023 words per logical record. The 19th logicalrecord will contain the data from the 8 detectors plus the data from the shielded
detector for a total of 1289 words. This scheme repeats throughout the flight
line. Note that a logical record for the LDT is 1 seconds' worth of data (one
measurement) whereas a logical record for the CDT is 10 seconds worth of data
(10 measurements).
One Second Measurement (One Logical Record) - LDT TAPE
Word No. Description Comments
1 Type of record (0 or 1) 1 indicates shielded detector dataadded
2 Record number Increments each second
18
Description
Live time count Live time for 8 detectors in milli-seconds
Sum of counts in channels256-511, 8 detectors
1 second spectrum 8detectors
Calibrated for 2.615 Mev in channel224
(Not Used)
Hour
Minute
Seconds
Day
Month
Year
5 - 258
259-280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289-295
296
297
298
299
300
Not necessarily the same as Map Linenumber. Increments each flight line.
Radar Altitude
(Not Used)
Sum of counts in channels
256-511, 8 detectors
Sum of counts in channels207-239, 8 detectors
Sum of counts in channels91-113 and 141-206, 8detectors
Sum of counts in channels114-140, 8 detectors
Sum of counts in channels91-113, 8 detectors
3
4
Flight line number
19
Word No. Comments
Word No.
301
302
303
304
305-318
319
320-326
327
328
329-331
332
333
334
335
Magnetometer
Comments
Two Words required. Last integer
of Word 327 is same as first integer
of Word 328.
Magnetometer
(Not Used)
Sign of X Doppler output, 0 indicateslocation 333 is positive.
S .in Doppler Units
Sign of Y
Along track
Doppler output, 0 indicates location335 is positive.
Y in doppler units Right or left track
336-1023 (Not Used)
If the 1 second being measured is also the end of a 19 second periodfor obtaining the shielded detector data (indicated by a 1 in Word #1), the fol-lowing words are added.
1024-1026 (Not Used)
Live time count Live time for shielded in milliseconds
Description
Sum of counts in channels35-90, 8 detectors
Sum of counts in channels11-22, 8 detectors
Sum of counts in channels11-34, 8 detectors
Sum of counts in channels57-62, 8 detectors
(Not Used)
Altitude in feet
(Not Used)
1.027
20
Word No. Description Comments
1028 Sum of counts in channels
256-511 shielded detector
1029-1282 1 second spectrum shielded Calibrated for 2.615 Mev indetector channel 224.
1283 Sum of counts in channels256-512, shielded detector
1284 Sum of counts in channels
207-239, shielded detector
1285 Sum of counts in channels
57-62, 91-113 and 141-206,shielded detector
1286 Sum of counts in channels
114-140, shielded detector
1287 Sum of counts in channels91-113, shielded detector
1288 Sum of counts in channels
35-90, shielded detector
1289 Sum of counts in channels
57-62, shielded detector
The Header and Trailer records for the LDT are identical to those for
the MODCDT.
3. DOPTAP TAPE
The final data processing involves insertion into the MODCDT data of thelatitude and longitude data. This processing develops a final resultant singlepoint, non-averaged data tape, with doppler location plot overlay and listings.
This tape is called the DOPTAP and the arrangement of data is given below.
CODE: Binary, 800 bpi
WORD SIZE: 36 bits
WORDS/RECORD: 20
RECORDS/BLOCK 100
21
BLOCKING INDICATORS: None
Included on this tape is the following information:
o Header Record
1. Project Identification
2. Geodata International, Inc.3. Date of Survey4. Map Line Numbers
0 Data Record
1. flight line number2. record number3. doppler X4. doppler Y
5. longitude6. latitude7. hour8. minute
9. day10. month
11. year
12. live time count 4 system13. BiAir14. altitude15. total count, (11-239)16. cosmic count
17. 2 08T118. 214Bi19. 40K20. magnetometer data, total field
21. magnetometer data, residual field22. temperature, air23. barometric pressure
24. gross count, (35-239)
There is an EOF at the start of the tape and after each flight line.
There are two EOF at the end of the tape.
4. GEOL TAPES
Further data processing of single point data uses various averaging
techniques to provide the final resultant data. The techniques used for these
data require linear averaging of 7 data points with the value plotted positioned
at data point 4 of these 7. These final values are stored on the GEOL tape.
During the processing of this tape, a profile plot tape is created which
22
provides data for the profile plots presented. The format of the GEOL tapes is
given below.
CODE: BCD, 800 bpi
BLOCKING: None
The first information contained on this tape is the Header Recordfollowed by a Summary Record and a Data Record.
The formats are:
Header Record: 300 character BCD Record containing;
1. Project identification
2. Geodata International, Inc.3. Date of survey4. Map line numbers
Summary Record:
Format (lX, 5(F8.2, F9.2), F8.3, F9.3, F10.0, F7.0, 1X, A6)
The data contained in th 1 gummar Record consists of the standard
deviation and mean value for 208TR, Bi, 4UK, 21 4Bi/2 08TR, 2 1 4Bi/4 0K, 20 8T/ 4 0K,the number of records involved in geologic type, the starting record number forthe geologic type and the geologic type. This information is repeated for eachgeologic type encountered during the flight line.
After the Summary Record a 2-word record is written as:
FORMAT (lX, F8.2, F9.2)
The first word contains all 9's. The second word is the map line number.
Following the 2-word key the flight line information is written accor-ding to:
FORMAT (12, 15, 4F8.4, 512, 216, F6.2, F7.2, F6.2, F10.3, 3F7.2, 3F7.3)
This section of the tape contains the following information per theabove Format.
1. Flight line number2. Record number
3. X-value
4. Y-value5. Longitude
6. Latitude
23
7. Hour8. Minute9. Day
10. Month
11. Year
12. Altitude13. T 8gal Count, (11-239)14. Tf (from thorium-232 decay series)
15. 2 1 4Bi (from uranium-238 decay series)16. 4 0 K (from natural potassium)
17. Magnetometer data, total field18. Magnetometer data, residual field19. 2 08TI deviation, from the mean
20. 2 14 Bi deviation from the mean
21. 4 0K deviation from the mean22. 2 14Bi/2 08TR deviation from the mean23. 214Bi/40K deviation from the mean24. 2 0 8Tt/4 0 K deviation from the mean
25. Barometric pressure
26. Temperature, air27. Gross count, (35-239)28. Geologic Unit
5. MAGDAT Tapes
The magnetic field data have been retrieved from the GEOL tape
together with certain other data as listed and the MAGDAT tape has been created
for all data. Information included on MAGDAT tape is:
1. Flight line number
2. Record number
3. Surface geology
4. Total magnetic field5. Residual magnetic field
6. Altitude7. Barometric pressure8. Latitude
9. Longitude
10. Temperature
The format of the MAGDAT tape is given as:
CODE: BCD, 800 bpi
FORMAT (215, A6, F9.2, F6.1, 15, F5.2, 2F.8)
24
Each MAGDAT tape includes a header record having the followinginformation:
1. Project identification2. NTMS sheet name3. Geodata International, Inc.4. Date of survey
contract.
deviations
follows:
The DOPTAP, GEOL and MAGDAT tapes are delivered to ERDA under thisStandard deviations, as presented on the listing, indicate the level ofshown as dots every fifth location on Figure 9 accordingly as
1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.
+3 stars: value >3Q+2 stars: 2
ur value <3c+1 star: lcr value < 2ublank: 0< value <1rminus (-): -lc<value <0-1 star: -2u< value < -la-2 stars: -3Q< value <-2c
-3 stars: value <-3a
Frequency distributions of the 2 0 8TR, 2 14Bi, 40 K and their ratios, as a functionof geologic type over the total area, are included.
25
SECTION III
GEOLOGY OF THE SURVEYED AREA
A. LOCATION AND TOPOGRAPHY
The Clovis sheet of the 1:250,000 National Topographic Map Series
(NTMS) is located between 34000' - 35000' north latitude and 102000' - 104000'
west longitude in western Texas Panhandle and eastern New Mexico (See Figure 1).
The Texas Panhandle - eastern New Mexico area is a part of the High
Plains Physiographic Province. The Plains surface is generally flat with a
southeastward slope averaging 8 to 10 feet per mile in Texas and becoming some-
what steeper in northeastern New Mexico. It is generally devoid of prominent
topographic features except for the Canadian River which is entrenched in a deep
valley across the Texas Panhandle. The plains region south of the Canadian River
Valley, known as the Southern High Plains, Staked Plains or Llano Estacado, is
essentially a plateau, bounded on the north by the deep valley of the Canadian
River and on the east and west by prominent erosional escarpments. The surface
of the Staked Plains consists of a widespread sheet of Cenozoic continental
deposits derived from the eastern ranges of the Rocky Mountains and laid down
on a low-relief erosion surface of Permian and Mesozoic rocks. Eolian deposits
and small playa basins, most of which are less than a mile in diameter and lessthan 50 feet deep, modify the Staked Plains surface.
The Clovis survey area is situated in the Southern High Plains south
of the Canadian River Valley.
B. GENERAL GEOLOGY
The structure of the Panhandle area is dominated by the Amarillo
Mountain uplift and the less prominent Matador Arch which are separated by the
Palo Duro Basin (See Figure 12). North of the Amarillo Mountains - Oldham nose
(Bravo dome) uplift trend are the shallow Dalhart basin in the northwest Panhandle
area and the deep, assymetric Anadarko basin north of the Amarillo uplift.
Immediately west of the Texas Panhandle is the massive Sierra Grande uplift of
northeast New Mexico. Structural development probably started in late Mississippi-
an time with intermittent periods of stability and rejuvenated uplift along the
same axes throughout Paleozoic time (Nicholson, 1960). Regional uplift occurred
and was followed by deposition of nonmarine Mesozoic and Cenozoic sediments and
Quaternary eolian deposits.
Quaternary eolian and Recent fluviatile-eolian deposits are far
more widespread over the plains region than the lacustrine and stream deposits.
The surface deposits which cover most of the plains to an average thickness of
20 to 40 feet are largely of eolian origin and include "cover sands" and activedunes as well as well-preserved dunes now anchored by vegetation (Evans and
Meade, 1944).
The major subsurface structural feature in the Clovis Sheet area is
the western part of the Palo Duro Basin.
26
1. Stratigraphy - Clovis Sheet
The surface stratigraphy within the Clovis Sheet consists of near-
horizontal, predominately clastic, terrigenous sediments and sedimentary rocks
of Upper Triassic to Recent age. Triassic, Jurassic and Cretaceous sediments
are exposed primarily in the northwest survey area. In eastern New Mexico,
marginal marine beds of Cretaceous age occur in discontinuous outcrops along
the escarpment of the Llano Estacado and in outlying buttes and mesas. A short
distance to the west, correlatives of these strata, if present, are represented
by rocks of continental origin (Dobrovolny et al., 1946).
The Pliocene Ogallala formation consists of fluviatile deposits,predominately sand with some silt and local lenses of coarse gravel, resting
on an erosional surface with several hundred feet relief. The Ogallala sedi-
ments were derived mainly from the eastern ranges of the Rocky Mountains. They
range up to 200 feet in thickness in the west and increase in thickness to the
east. The formation is distinguished at the top by the complex "caprock" lime-stone; a product of weathering during the period of aridity that marked thelatest phase of Tertiary time. (Frye and Leonard, 1957).
A sequence of Pleistocene deposits rest unconformably on theOgallala representing erosional activity and cyclic episodes of alluvial andeolian deposition which are correlated with glacial periods.
C. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF ROCK UNITS EXPOSED IN THE CLOVIS AREA
Thin deposits of windblown cover sand and other eolian deposits formmuch of the surface of the High Plains in New Mexico and Texas although extensivecover sand deposits on the Ogallala formation are not shown. Clastic sedimentaryrocks of Mesozoic age are exposed along the Llano Estacado escarpment. Eachexposed lithologic unit is briefly described based on the Geologic Map of NewMexico; the Geologic Map of Texas; and U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologic Investi-gations Atlas HA-330.
27
IO K L A H O ANTICLINEISYNCLINE
- - (Arrow shows plungeof axis)
0 10 20 40 60 MILES
DrA ADARILLO
L- WIHIAFAL
0~ 8 A SI CLINTON
LOVIS PLAT VIEW TJ* -~
0 R M~AN ASIN -
MATADOR -TREN
ROWNFI LD LUB OCK WICHITA FALLS
Figure 12. Subsurface Structural Patterns. Texas
0V
WZ
Triassic to Quaternary
Geologic units in the Clovis 1:250,000, sheet northeast New Mexico and northwestTexas. (From Geologic Map of New Mexico, 1:500,000, 1965; Geologic Map of Texas,1:500,000, 1937; U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologic Investigations Atlas HA-330,1:500,000, 1969).
Quaternary:
Recent - Pleistocene:
Qal: AlluviumQab: Alluvium, bolson and other surficial deposits
Qds: Dune Sand
Qtp: Pediment and terrace deposits
Tertiary:
Pliocene:
To: Ogallala formation
Cretaceous:
K: Cretaceous undivided
Kgh: Greenhorn limestoneKgr: Graneros shale
Kd: Dakota sandstone
Kw: Washita group (in Texas)
Jurassic:
J: Jurassic undivided~Jm: Morrison formation
Jsr: San Raphael group
Triassic:
I : Triassic undivided' c: Chinle formation
Sd: Dockum group (in Texas)
29
Triassic
Upper Triassic sediments in West Texas and eastern New Mexico cropout in the valley of the Canadian River and along the western escarpment of the
Llano EstacadQ.
Chinle formation ( c)
The dominately argillaceous Chinle formation consists of 700 to 800feet of dark red sandy shale succeeded by 25 to 425 feet of variegated shale,
limestone and sandstone called the Redonda member (Dobrovolny, et al., 1946).The clastic Triassic sediments may also be mapped as the Dockum group or un-divided in scattered outcrops in Texas (& d) and New Mexico ( ).
Jurassic
Jurassic sedimentary rocks occur only along the western margin ofthe High Plains and have not been found in other parts of the Southern High
Plains.
San Raphael group (Jsr)
The San Raphael group includes up to 140 feet of medium- to fine-grained, cross-bedded in part, red and white sandstone (Wingate ?) with lenses
of conglomerate and red arenaceous shale at the base (Dobrovolny, et al., 1946).
Morrison formation (Jm)
The Morrison formation is made up of interbedded green and red shaleand gray sandstone. The upper part consists of gray and buff, cliff-forming,cross-bedded sandstone. Thickness of the Morrison ranges up to 250 feet. Alongthe northern margin of the sheet the Jurassic is mapped as a single unit (J).
Cretaceous
Minor, scattered outcrops of Cretaceous sediments exist primarily a-long the northern boundary of the Clovis Sheet. They are mapped as Cretaceous,undivided (K); Greenhorn limestone (Kgh); Graneros shale (Kgr); Dakota sandstone
(Kd); and Washita group (Kw) in Texas.
Tertiary
A widespread sheet of continental deposits, derived from the eastern
range of the Rocky Mountains, was laid down on a low-relief surface of Paleozoic
and Mesozoic rocks.
Pliocene
30
Ogallala formation (To)
The Pliocene Ogallala formation is a fine-to-medium grained, reddish-tan to gray fluviatile sand intermixed with silt, clay and discontinuous channelgravels. Impure irregular limestone (caliche) up to 12 feet thick at the top,forms the "caprock" of the High Plains escarpment. Volcanic ash is widely dis-tributed in the Ogallala in the High Plains but has not been observed in Texassouth of the Panhandle area (Frye and Leonard, 1957). The Ogallala formationhas a maximum thickness of 550 feet and thins to the west to less than 200 feetin New Mexico.
Quaternary
Thin, widespread sheets of eolian sands, alluvial and lacustrinedeposits developed during the Pleistocene. The deposits have been correlated
with major Pleistocene glacial periods and other climatic cycles.
Pleistocene - Recent deposits
A wide variety of alluvial, upland residual and eolian depositshave been mapped in the New Mexico area. However, the windblown "cover sand"was not shown on the Geologic Maps of New Mexico or Texas, although it forms athin but extensive cover on the Ogallala except along the Canadian River Valley
and the Llano Estacado escarpment.
The Pleistocene - Recent deposits include:
(Qtp - Pediment, terrace and other deposits of sand and gravel
Qds - Dune sandQab - Alluvium, bolson and other surficial depositsQal - Alluvium
D. SOILS
The General Soil Map of Texas (1973) presents a general descriptionof the various soil types and their distribution. A copy of this map for north-west Texas is shown in Figure 13. The primary division of the soils is (1)nearly level soils of the High Plains; (2) red to brown soils formed in outwash,clayey to silty red beds or limestone in the Rolling Plains. Further subdivisionof the soils is presented based primarily on physical characteristics of the soil,development of the soil profile, the slope of the surface, and climate. Charac-teristics most important to the present survey are those related to the parentmaterial of the soils, soil chemistry and mineralogy.
For a more detailed discussion of the soils the reader is referred tothe New Mexico and Texas County Soil Survey Series, Soil Conservation Service,U.S. Department of Agriculture. Detailed soil distribution is commonly shown
on aerial photographs at a scale of 1:20,000 in the county surveys.
31
'^" 64-M 13
- ---- ---I--.- _
FgrNi1HANSFORD 1 OCHILTREE' LI
I
IS I' ~ r"C u
2 :. CUM C R I
1 A
46-M a
OLDHAM
4 I
... - .
RAND
DEAF SMIT H CL
-59-M
PARMERCASTRO
Mulesh H
BAILEY
BRO JLa- --- -- ----
' ~ Levelland 6 LUbbo116COCHRAN I HOCKLEY
YOAKUM I
IOwnfMM
TERR
65-A
Figure 13. - General Soil Map of Texas Showing Area In Northwest Texas (After TexasA & M University and The Soil Conservation Service, 1973)
Lo3N"
51 - M Tillmsme-Miler Springer .... .. .. 1,600,000 Ttl 1,000II TOWa 24,000,a00
ARMSTRO
471 N
97 SWISHER RlSCOE
T. MHIL RESS "6 I 6
59-M
FLOYD FJAR
1 -0 MOTLEY CO v ,
07 JLAY ri
_ ... - - -- -TAG
L K I - - - - - 51-M lYf
50-A -. 4
k I 2 ' or-/BAY'OR , 41-ACO Y. ENS ARCHER
- ab47-l 4 -TONE WAL - OCu: RTON 62
2-A I ENT 43-43-LYNN GAZ 12
oss , N2424
IaHSE YOUNG
3-M 47- C
- - - - I - - -r .! - 2 1-
sc r
RED TO BROWN SOILS FORMED INOUTWASH, CLAYEY TO SILTY RED
BEDS, OR OVER LIMESTONEIN THE ROLLING PLAINS
MOLLISOLS, ALFISOLS, INCEPTISOLS, ARIDISOLS
Map Symbols Ap
imateAssos atio Acrage
Soilithlomy surface layer and lyey o loamy
woile over indurated clche:Argiwtour, Calciw.tduWl, Paleowtou&,Ustuckr"PU4, Palewulf/
43-M Abilene-TTillma-Verone 3,700,00044-M Abilene-Rowena-Mie... 3,400,00045-M Row Sagertone-lereta 1,900,000
Mostly shallow and moderately deep woile overlimy earths, red beds or limestone; some deepwsilla t oamy surfac layr and claysubsoils:
*rtb"* ' Colciuau ' Cali , kde
46-M Msknr--Berd---Pott-- 3,700,00047-1 WoodwardoQuinlanVernon- 3,000,00048-M TarnO-Kavet-Rowena 2,400,000
Soils mat! loamoy t0roghout but some. wit1sny srfac layer an som wth clayey subsoils:
Pdl.o.Olfe, UstoAr.ptd, Palw.ar49-A Mie Springers-Woodward 2,600,00050-A Miler-Brownfield'-Olt 1,900,000
NEARLY LEVEL SOILSOF THE HIGH PLAINS
MOLLISOLS, ALFISOLS, ENTISOLS, ARIDISOLS
Map Symboloforoil AppoxoimteAsociaionsA
Ma~y wil ih loamy surfa layrnd clyesbil;some wil wt inurae topwelmwithin, 20 inches of the suracePales.tour, CaLcistolld
59-M Pullmano0lton--Mansker- 6,000,00060-M Sherm Grur.-Sunraye 2,650,00061-M Kimbroug-Slaughter. 560,000
Soilsmostlyo throughout with lime acumula.tion in the subsoil, some with clayey subsoils:Polollf, Pobo..lollW
62-A Amarillor-Acuff-Manaker .. 5,200,00063-A DaolaneSunray-Dumae 1,0D0,00064-M Sunrsy6-C toen'.ruver . 600,000
Soils with sandy surface layers and loamy cubwilo; and.wile sandy thoughout:Palwtle, Uipmaest
65-A Patriciae-Bruwnf eldTivli 2,000,000
Usually dry soils with sandy surface loper. andloomy subsoils; and usually dry wile sandythoughtHoplargidse, Torripsomoet1s
66-D Triomaolalmaro-Penwell 1,400,000
60-M 136 E
C5 HINSON i ir
RE I ROBERTS HM IL
l, CARSON
OTER60 4 -WHEELER(
59-M I
- ail - - COL LIGS
L IIWORTH
8
1
E. URANIUM MINERALIZATION
Commercial uranium deposits commonly are associated with pyritiferous,carbonaceous facies formed in arkosic fluvial sandstones. Adler (1970) has listed
geologic criteria for uranium mineralization (Dennison and Wheeler, 1972).
1. Fluvial depositional environment.
2. Sandstones are present.
3. Sandstone must be in part reddish (hematite) or brown
(limonite) in subsurface.
4. Strata contain carbonaceous material.
5. Sandstones contain pyrite.
6. Probably source area for sandstones is granitic or gneissicterrain.
7. Uranium is concentrated from tuffaceous sediments.8. Uranium is from deep-seated igneous sources.
9. Sandstones are feldspathic.10. Tectonism produces regional tilting which affects ground water
circulation.
11. Sandstones are overlain by broad erosional unconformities.
About 96% of the reasonably assured uranium resources of the U.S.
are in irregular stratiform deposits and in "roll" deposits in sandstones
(OECD-NEA and IAEA, 1973, p. 75).
Uranium exploration in West Texas in 1954-55 was concentrated in theDockum group (Triassic) immediately east of the High Plains escarpment. Hayes
(1956) describes prospects, uranium mineralization and minor ore shipments pri-
marily from Triassic rocks along the escarpment from Briscoe to Garza Counties
in the Plainview and Lubbock two-degree sheets of the Geologic Atlas of Texas.
Numerous additional radioactivity anomalies are reported by Geodata International,
Inc. (1975). The Southern Interstate Nuclear Board (1969) describes the uranium
industry in Texas and lists reported occurrences of uranium and anomalous radio-activity in Texas. Minor uranium mineralization in caliche in West Texas hasbeen described by Eargle (1956). Haigler and Sutherland (1965) note the occur-
rence of copper mineralization west of Logan, New Mexico; and uranium mineral-ization east of Tucumcari and near Norton, New Mexico, apparently all in Triassic
sedimentary rocks (See Figure 14). Additional occurrences of uranium mineral-
ization are briefly described in AEC Preliminary Reconnaissance Reports (Copiesavailable from the New Mexico Brueau of Mines and Mineral Resources), some ofwhich are shown in Figure 14.
Small uranium-copper deposits occur in the Permain red beds of south-west Oklahoma. Similar deposits of uranium probably occur in Permian red beds in
the adjacent part of northern Texas (Finch, 1955).
Pierce, et al (1964) made a detailed investigation of the relationshipsof helium and radon in natural gas, radium in brines, and uraniferous asphaltite
33
I.I I 1
K
OA
PA BL O MONTOYA GRAN
--4. I 4
H ARDNG I
29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36E10
03mpana
-- - 1
alle go
I
+
Wed
Ca
T
0 TUCUMCjR!
I le I I I- I I-I- r
OLockney
0Obar
Nara Vista0
'5
+ Ian
~ O~Q~fl I_____ I__13oHu
Lesbia0
Q UAn
0
Porter
12
II
Endia0
Montoya San JonI00' 10 I
Norton
S
OQuayCameron I0 Ima 0 I8
Bellvie wI 0Ragland Grady Broadview0JdF0
Jordan Forrest jL0
LEGEND4 COPPER
" URANIUM
ADDITIONAL URANIUM MINERALIZATIONAEC PRELIM. RPT. (N. MEX. BUR. MINESAND MIN. RES.)
McAlister
1J
C U R RAY
I
61
I 1 4-I4- I
j_ _ _ _ _I I__ __ _I I___ __1I__ __ _
Figure 14. Location of uranium, copper mineralization and
radioactivity anomalies (after Haigler and
Sutherland, 1965; and AEC Prelim. Recon. Rept.)
0 Canode14
0Atarque
0Q
0
1I
1I.'1
IT U
I
I
0
51
I34
SEEM
I oooo10#10
do
-_
i 0 i i 1 0I ' :law, i i
d O1
'f
1
0
i
i
i
i
pellets in lower Permain rocks from wells in the Panhandle gas fields. Previousradioactivity surveys adjacent to the Clovis sheet include the airborne gamma-ray spectral survey by Geodata International, Inc. (1975).
Gamma ray spectral data presents more detailed and more useful radio-activity information than total intensity surveys. The contribution of potassium(4 0K), uranium (2 14 Bi) and thorium (20 8T1) to the total activity can be deter-mined. Thus, anomalies related to uranium mineralization and ore bodies con-taining traces of uranium, such as phosphates, can be separated from those re-lated to thorium mineralization. Concentrations of potassium such as potashdeposits or accumulations of potash-bearing feldspars and clays may be notedor separated from the 21 4Bi and 2 0 8T1 data.
One of the best indicators of anomalous 21 4 Bi is the 214Bi/208Tlratio since it has been shown that this ratio removed, to a large degree, theeffect of variations in clay concentration in soils (Foote, 1968). The profilepresentation indicates the magnitude of these anomalous values, and the NGRMSsheets indicate the deviations of these results from the mean value calculated
from data from the entire map. The NGRMS 2 1 4 Bi/2 0 8 T1 sheets give a rapid ap-praisal of the magnitude and location of these anomalous data.
35
SECTION IV
RESULTS OF DATA ANALYSES
A. GEOLOGIC BASE MAPS
The area surveyed is contained within the Clovis National Topographic
Map as shown in Figure 1. The geologic base map is created to the scale of theNTMS with geologic data as supplied by the Geologic Map of Texas, Geologic Map ofNew Mexico, and the U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologic Investigations Atlas HA-330,and includes latitude, longitude and major geographical features. The geologicbase map is shown without the superpositioned flight lines at the scale of
1:250,000 and 1:500,000.
B. NATIONAL GAMMA RAY MAP SERIES (NGRMS)
The geologic base has been photographically screened to allow emphasiz-
ing of the flight line locations and information regarding data analyses. Thesemaps are the base to which the statistical information for six variables has been
added for every 5th data point and are identified as the National Gamma Ray Map
Series which are presented at the scale of 1:250,000 and 1:500,000. The detaildata for each of these map lines are presented as profile information for 6 vari-ables and location of geologic information with statistical data included along
each map line as discussed in Section IV (E).
C. PROFILES OF DATA RESULTS
The profiles of Map Lines 1 - 22 and Tie Lines 1 - 6 are presented
within this report at the scale of 1:500,000. Odd-numbered lines were flownwest-to-east and south-to-north, and even-numbered lines east-to-west, and north-to-south. The same vertical scale for each variable was used for all map line
profiles.
Vertical scale varies with each variable profiled. Scale for each
variable is:
1. Altitude
100 feet/div; aircraft altitude above the surface; noaveraging.
2. Tl (2 08 Tl)
10.0 c/s/div (counts/second/division). Seven seconds ofdata are linearly averaged with the average value plotted
at the center of the group of 7.
3. Bi (2 14Bi)
20.0 c/s/div; 7-second averaged
4. K (4 0K)
25.0 c/s/div; 7-second averaged
36
5. BiAir
20.0 c/s/div; 95-second averaged
6. Residual Magnetic Field Data
The residual magnetic field has been calculated as the
difference between the total magnetic field as measured
by a proton precession magnetometer and the International
Geomagnetic Reference Field (Stassinopoulos; NSSDC-72-12).
The residual magnetic field is plotted on each of two
sets of multi-variable stacked profile plots. The 10-
variable profile containing the gamma radiation data dis-
plays the residual magnetic field data at 20 gammas/div,
and the 4-variable profile displays the residual magnetic
field data at 10 gammas/div. Residual magnetic fieldcalculations are plotted as 1-second, nonaverage data.
7. GC (Total count 400 Kev to 2.80 Mev)
800.0 c/s/div; no averaging
8. Bi/Tl (21 4 Bi/ 2 0 8Tl)
0.4/div; 7-second averaging
9. Bi/K (2 14 Bi/4 0K)
0.8/div; 7-second averaging
10. TI/K (208T1/4 0K)
0.025/div; 7-second averaging
11. Geology
The surface geology along the flight line, with a width ofabout 6 miles, is displayed above the profiles.
Aircraft background counts for 20 8T1, 21 4Bi and 40K were determinedto be 7.0, 13.5 and 33.0 c/second for the eight detectors and 1, 1.2 and 3.0c/second respectively for the single detector and were used for all data. Theairborne 2 14Bi was measured each 19 seconds.
Each profile has a latitude or longitude degree line to give exactsurface location of all data.
37
D. MAGNETIC TAPES AND LISTINGS
The description of the magnetic tapes and their listings is presentedunder SECTION II (D), DATA PRESENTATION.
E. STATISTICAL AND GEOLOGICALLY-CREATED DEVIATIONS IN RESULTANT DATA
The average value of the data for each of 7 variables for each flightline has been plotted to give a composite view across the total area for theseaverages (See Figure 15).
A set of 3 tables are included (TABLE 1-3), which list theaverage value for each geologic unit encountered on each flight line as afunction of flight line for each of the radiation variables. These averagevalues of the intensity of two radiation variables as a function of flightline have been graphed as a function of flight li2 4num r for ge ggic 4 8 nitsQtp, Qds, To, (See Figures 16 - 18). The ratios Bi/ T1 and T1/ Kare presented in an attempt to indicate possible anomalous conditions.
Standard deviations of the data have been calculated assuming the datato have a normal distribution within the geologic type. When geochemical anomaliesmodify the normal distribution, then the frequency distribution of the data willbe distorted about the mean. Geologic unit data have been analyzed to determine
the variance.
.N
where the standard deviation isa , N is the number of samples, xi is the valueat the sample number i, and i is the mean value for the geologic type. Thelisting for GEOL output gives the mean value and magnitude of deviations relativeto the mean, with the +lo, 22 and +3a levels being placed on the NGRMS Sheetsfor the 6 variables as previously explained. The distributions of data withinthe geologic units encountered are included.
The above variance equation has been modified to allow the two ratios214.40 208 44Bi/ K and T1/ K, to have meaning when 0K approaches zero. In thecalculations 10 counts were added to each 40K value in the ratio to preventdividing by near-zero 40K numbers. This has distorted the value of a, but hasallowed data in which 4 0K is + zero to be plotted.
F. FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTIONS OF DATA FOR EACH GEOLOGIC TYPE
The geologic units have been the basis for separation of the 6 radiationvariables. Frequency distribution plots, which display the number of occurrences
38
at a specific magnitude as a function of the magnitude for each of the 6 radia-
tion variables, are included for each geologic unit in the APPENDIX in VOLUME I.Data from all Map Lines and Tie Lines have been included to de rmine these fre-
quency distributions. Ten (10) counts have been added to the K number in the
ratios as was done in calculations of the variance.
G. MICROFICHE REPRODUCTION OF DOPTAP AND GEOL LISTINGS
The output listings of the single point DOPTAP and averaged GEOLcomputer program results have been reproduced on MICROFICHE and are optional withthe report where 208 computer listings may be placed on a projectable 4" x 5 3/4"transparency. The first two records of each flight line as listed on MICROFICHE
must be disregarded.
H. BASE LINES
A flight line within the Clovis area was chosen having a length of
about 5 miles and was surveyed prior to and following each days operations.The results of these base line surveys over the same surface location are sum-marized in Table 4. The mean value of the basic radiation variables have anaverage deviation of about a 4% lesser radiation intensity in preflight data
relative to post-flight data. This effect is believed to be caused by surfacedrying.
I. ANOMALOUS 2 14Bi, AND 2 14Bi/ 20 8T1 DETECTED FROM EXAMINATION OF PROFILE LINES
Examination of the map line profiles reveals several 214 Bi, and214Bi/208Tl anomalies within the survey area. The approximate location
of the anomalies are shown on Figure 2. The anomalies are small in magnitudeand consist of slightly higher z4Bi and 2 14 Bi/ 2 08T1 values in Quaternarysurficial deposits or perhaps where small unmapped areas of older formations (To,Trc) have been exposed. A more prominent anomaly is noted in the Tertiary Ogallalaformation (To) about ten miles east of Muleshoe, Texas.
Quaternary surficial deposits - sand dunes and sand sheets in particular- are generally lower in radioactivity than the underlying Ogallala (To) and olderformations. This is a relationship noted throughout the Texas Panhandle and ad-joining areas in New Mexico.
39
24- -I . . -. .i - . . -1 - - .I F ./V T...'-r.. - - -II -II
VV N 'K
220
200
160
160
0 140
w a40
120%,.
0
2 4-. -
p 100
2.2 -
1.6 - -- - - -
1.4 - - - -- - - - - - - - --
0 2 -
0.6 - - -
0.4 - " - -- - - - - - -
- "
0.2 -*-t-o
^.0 1 l-l - l ll-l-ll- - l -l -A- -l l l- -Al l I-l- - - -10
MAP LINE15 20
Figure 15. Average Gamma Radiation Values As a Functionof Flight Line, All Geologic Units
/1
TBlAir'
so
60
40
20
0.0
7
/
K
SI/Tf
8
7
/
.I
H T/K
TIE LINE
40
240
A A
i
i/K
ei/K
lAirI/K
400
00
BiT1 /o 0 -iO
150 T20
MAP LINE TIE LINE
Figure 16. Average Gamma Radiation Values As a Functionof Flight Line, Geologic Unit Qds
41
400
300
T1/K
IIIB:
Bi/T1 Lj
5
i/Ti1
00
10
MAP LINE
15 20 1TIE LINE
Figure 17. Average Gamma Radiation Values Asof Flight Line, Geologic Unit Qtp
a Function
OH
200
100
01 6
42
mmomo i i i i E*-m
-- I I I +- 4- i i i i i m i i i i 0 i i i i E i
i i -i i I
- d- -L . 1i -I-1
i i I i i I iW- ML I
: -_jI . . -. . i i 1 1 4--M
i i i i a i i i i i m i m 0 i i i i m i i a i N i i i i m i x i i I
. -~ -.T.T. ..T. .
f- i i i mom-- i^--i i i i i i 0 F-- -- 1-+-i I i i f I r F F i m i I I i-i-1 I ii I I I
i__,__
400
TI K ." 11000
300
H
200
Bi/T1
Bi/T1 e 100
100
01 5 10 15 20 1 6
MAP LINE TIE LINE
Figure 18. Average Gamma Radiation Values As a Functionof Flight Line, Geologic Unit To
43
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Baker, C. L. (1915). Geology and underground waters of the northern LlanoEstacado. Bur. Econ. Geol., Univ. of Texas. Bull. 57. 225pp.
Barker, F. B. and Scott, R. G. (1958). Uranium and radium in the ground waterof the Llano Estacado, Texas and New Mexico. Am. Geophys. Union
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Boardman, Leona (1951). Geologic map index of Texas, 1:1,000,000. U.S. Geol.Surv. Index Map.
Brand, J. P. (1953). Cretaceous of the Llano Estacado of Texas. Bur. Econ.Geol., Univ. of Texas. Rept. of Invest. 20. 55pp.
Brand, J. P. and Reeves, C. C., (1971). Mesozoic and Cenozoic geology of theLubbock, Texas, region. Geol. Soc. Amer. Southcentral Section andTexas Tech. Univ. Fieldtrip. pp28.
Brown, T. E. (1963). Index to areal geologic maps in Texas, 1891-1961. Bur.Econ. Geol., Univ. of Texas, Index Series.
Cronin, J. G. (1969). Ground water in Ogallala formation in the Southern HighPlains of Texas and New Mexico. U.S. Geol. Survey Hydrologic Invest.Atlas HA-330.
Dennison, J. M. and Wheeler, W. H. (1972). Precambrian through Cretaceous strata
of probable fluvial origin in southeastern United States and theirpotential as uranium host rocks. U.S. Atomic Energy Commission Rpt.GJO-4168-1. 211pp.
Dobrovolny, E., Bates, R. L. and Summerson, C. H. (1946). Geology of north-western Quay County, New Mexico. U.S. Survey Oil and Gas Invest.Map OM-62.
Eargle, D. H. (1956). Some uranium occurrences in West Texas. Bur. Econ. Geol.,Univ. of Texas. Rept. of Invest. 27. 2 3 pp.
Evans, G. L. (1949). Upper Cenozoic of the High Plains. in Cenozoic geologyof the Llano Estacado-and Rio Grande Valley. West Texas Geol. Soc.and New Mex. Geol. Soc. Guidebook Fieldtrip #2. p. 1-9.
44
Evans, G. L. (1956). Cenozoic geology. in West Texas Geol. Soc. and LubbockGeol. Soc. Guidebook, 1956, Spring Field Trip. p. 16-26.
Evans, G. L. and Meade, G. E. (1944). Quaternary of the Texas High Plains.
Bur. Econ. Geol., Univ. of Texas. PUB 4401.
Finch, W. I. (1955). Uranium in terrestrial sedimentary rocks in the UnitedStates, exclusive of the Colorado Plateau. in Contributions to the
geology of uranium and thorium by the U.S. Geological Survey andAtomic Energy Commission for the United Nations International Con-ference on Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy, Geneva, Switzerland
1955. U.S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Paper 300. p. 321-327.
Finch, W. I., Parrish, I. S., and Walker, G. W. (1959). Epigenetic uraniumdeposits in the United States. U.S. Geol. Surv. Misc. Geol. Invest.Map 1-299, 3 sheets.
Flawn, P. T. (1967). Uranium in Texas - 1967. Bur. Econ. Geol., Univ. of Texas
Geol. Circ. 67-1, llpp.
Foote, R. S. (1968). Application of airborne gamma-radiation measurements topedologic mapping. Proc. Fifth Symp. on Remote Sensing of Environ-
ment. Willow Run Laboratories, Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor,
Michigan p. 855-875.
Frye, J. C. and Leonard, A. B. (1957). Studies of Cenozoic geology along theeastern margin of the Texas High Plains Armstrong to Howard Counties.
Bur. Econ. Geol., Univ. of Texas. Rept. of Invest. 32. p. 1-56.
Frye, J. C. and Leonard, A. B. (1964). Relation of Ogallala Formation to theSouthern High Plains in Texas. Bur. Econ. Geol., Univ. of Texas.Rept. of Invest. 51. 25pp.
Frye, J. C., and Swineford, Ada and Leonard, A. B. (1948). Correlation ofPleistocene deposits of the central Great Plains with the glacialsection. Jour. Geol., vol. 56. p. 501-525.
Geodata International, Inc. (1975). Aerial radiometric and magnetic survey
of Lubbock and Plainview National Topographic Maps, NW Texas. ERDAGJO-1654. Geodata International, Inc. Dallas, Texas.
General soil map of Texas, 1:1,500,000 (1973). Texas A and M Univ., in coop.Soil Conservation Service.
Geologic Atlas of Texas Map Series 1:250,000. Amarillo Sheet, (1969), PlainviewSheet, (1968). Bur. of Econ. Geol., Univ. of Texas.
45
Geological highway map of Texas. 1 inch - 30 miles. (1973). Amer. Assoc.Petrol. Geol., Tulsa, Oklahoma.
Geological highway map of Southern Rocky Mountain Region. 1 inch - 30 miles.(1967). Amer. Assoc. Petrol. Geol., Tulsa, Oklahoma.
Haigler, L. B. and Sutherland, H. L. (1965). Reported occurrences of selectedminerals in New Mexico. U.S. Geol. Survey Mineral Invest. Res.Map MR-45.
Hayes, W. C. (1956). Uranium prospects in west Texas. in West Texas Geol.
Soc. and Lubbock Geol. Soc. Guidebook, 1956 Spring Field Trip.p. 69-72.
Jones, T. S. (1953). Stratigraphy of the Permian Basin of West Texas.West Texas Geol. Soc.
Mathews, W. H. (1969). The geologic story of Palo Duro Canyon. Bur. Econ.Geol., Univ. of Texas. Guidebook 8. 51pp.
Maxwell, R. A. and Dietrich, J. W. (1971). Correlation of Tertiary rock units,West Texas. Bur. Econ. Geol., Univ. of Texas. Rept. of Invest.
70. 34pp.
McIntosh, W. L. and Morgan, I. M. (1970). Geologic map index of New Mexico.1:1,000,000. U.S. Geol. Survey Index Map.
Nicholson, J. H. (1956). General geologic history of the Palo Duro Basin,Texas Panhandle. West Texas Geol. Soc. and Lubbock Geol. Soc. Guide-book 1956 Spring Field Trip.
Nicholson, J. H. (1960). Geology of the Texas Panhandle. in Aspects of thegeology of Texas. Bur. Econ. Geol., Univ. of Texas. Pub. 6017.
p. 51-64.
OECD Nuclear Energy Agency and the International Atomic Energy Agency (1973).Uranium resources, production and demand, OECD-NEA and IAEA Rpt.,
140pp.
Patton, L. T. (1923). The geology of Potter County. Bur. Econ. Geol., Univ.of Texas, Bull. 2330. pp18 0 .
Pettijohn, F. J. (1963). Chemical composition of sandstones in Data of Geo-chemistry, 6th ed., U.S. Geol. Survey, Prof. Paper 440-S. p. S1-S19.
Pierce, A. P., Gott, G. B. and Mytton, J. W. (1964). Uranium and helium in thePanhandle gas field, Texas and adjacent areas. U.S. Geol. Surv.Prof. Paper 454-G, p. Gl-G57.
46
Roth, R. (1949). Paleogeology of the Panhandle of Texas. Geol. Soc. Amer.Bull. v. 60, p. 1671-1687.
Sellards, E. H., Adkins, W. S. and Plummer, F. B. (1932). The geology ofTexas vol. 1. Stratigraphy. Bur. Econ. Geol., Univ. of Texas. Bull.
3232. 1007pp.
Southern Interstate Nuclear Board (1969). Uranium in the Southern UnitedStates. U.S.A.E.C. WASH - 1128. pp2 30 .
Stose, G. W. (1937). Geologic map of Texas, 1:500,000 4 sheets. U.S. Geol.Surv.
Swineford, Ada, Frye, J. C., and Leonard, A. B. (1955). Petrography of thelate Tertiary volcanic ash falls in the central Great Plains.Jour. Sed. Petrology, vol. 25, p. 243-261.
Young, Addison, (1960).region, westEcon. Geol.,
Paleozoic history of the Fort Stockton - Del RioTexas. in Aspects of the geology of Texas. Bur.Univ. of Texas. Pub. 6017, p. 87-109.
47
6 50 21 39 69 31w5 39 40 53 25 41 67 40
4 62 46 27 46 71 58w 3 25 69P2 18 68
1__19 70
22 62 52 45 83 57 52 86 5321 38 45 50 54 87 5820 38 57 83 5219 50 79 4618 80 8017 7816 7515 58 7214 72
z 13 55 74 52- 12 47 69 42S II 47 41 69 452 10 32 25 66 59
9 28 25 26 618 29 31 59 257 23 50 556 25 22 44 545 29 23 43 544 19 33 563 20 40 422 24 37 43
65 30 44 55
Bi
J. . M JSR K KD KGH KGR KW _Q __QALQDS QTP TO TR TRCTRS TRD6 98 52 81 114 835 110 95 102 59 87 113 101
- 4 115 130 69 106 116 129_ 3 57 109P 2 66 109
1 __ ______ 42 102 __________
22 150 129 120 160 110 101 129 9721 112 114 114 112 126 13520 92 100 127 10819 108 123 10218 155 12517 12116 12015 93 120
w 14 119z 13 102 116 121- 12 94 114 97aII 71 82 111 932 10 99 69 106 105
9 78 56 57 1018 59 63 84 687 57 91 876 67 54 86 905 70 55 91 1014 40 .61 843 47 72 752 44 68 671 126 ,59 84 91
Table 1. Geologic Unit Average Va y AsMap Line for 208T1, and Bi
a Function of
48
KGH KGR TO TR TRC TRS TRDJ JM JS R K KD KW QAB QAL QDS QTP
QAL QDS QTP I TO TR TRC TRSK
TRDQABKD I KGH I KGR I KW6 190 105 154 218 1845 147 171 210 125 155 220 1834 206 189 124 175 223 2043 123 2162 102 208
11__87 215
22 197 170 154 26 207 211 253 20221 131 126 214 210 257 19220 166 211 251 18919 215 247 19218 229 24417 23516 22815 204 22814 224
z 13 184 224 170-J 12 155 216 165Q I 1 167 137 215 1472 10 135 108 207 165
9 141 119 125 1928 127 145 186 1397 122 178 1826 125 113 162 1825 142 120 167 1784 105 137 187
109 163 1632 105 159 154
_ _ _ 188 139 165 182
Bi /TAJ JM JSR K KD KGH KGR KW QAB QAL QDS QTP TO TR TRC TRS TRD
6 202 242 220 168 266W 5 276 236 193 243 220 171 261
4 187 284 260 234 165 225W 3 236 165F 2 369 164
233 146
22 244 255 272 193 193 197 150 18921 289 258 226 206 146 23620 239 178 156 21219 219 161 23518 193 15717 15616 16115 163 169
814 171z 13 185 159 233-J 12 205 165 226a II 157 202 163 206X 10 297 297 164 183
9 296 226 231 1698 206 212 145 2747 258 185 1636 278 245 208 1685 248 247 224 1994 220 194 1593 243 181 1862 204 186 161
193 196 192 167
Table 2. Geologic Unit Average Value As a Function ofMap Line for 40K and 2 1 4 Bi/ 2 0 8 T1
49
J JM IJS R K
JM JSR K QAL QDS QTP
Bi/K
6 521 497 530 526 4515 752 560 500 487 566 522 56454 566 674 563 601 526 6453 467 5102 656 5291 ______ ___503 ___479___
22 767 779 786 611 532 490 512 51421 905 970 537 537 494 74820 561 487 511 57819 514 503 53918 677 51817 51816 52815 457 53314 535
z 13 561 520 723J 12 616 534 588
II 446 613 521 6562 10 709 671 519 667
9 567 482 471 5368 471 449 457 4967 477 517 4836 548 480 536 5015 498 465 550 5764 385 451 4543 437 446 4652 433 423 447
- _674 425 516 502
T/K_...... _..... _. E _ ___ K _ __ _____ _____ D _ Q T _ T2C/RK
J JM JSR K KD KGH KGR KW QAB QAL QDS QTP TO TR TRC TRS TRD
6 263 204 246 315 170w 5 270 237 257 203 264 306 219
4 303 238 219 260 319 2863 201 3142 181 326
. _ ___ 223 328
22 314 313 294 315 276 251 342 26921 310 370 238 260 338 31220 234 275 329 27519 236 317 23718 348 33017 33316 32915 286 31814 318
z 13 305 329 307J 12 303 324 260
11 283 301 321 3132 10 239 232 319 363
9 197 217 207 3218 230 218 319 1827 193 280 3016 203 199 266 3005 205 196 256 2964 181 238 2973 187 248 256
2 224 232 279348 220 270 302
Table 3. Geologic UnitAyerage Value As a Function ofMap Line for 21.Bi! /K and 208T1/40K
50
J KD TO TRKGH KGR KW QAB TRC TRS TRD
PREFLIGHT AND POST-FLIGHT BASELINE DATA SUMMARY
Date-1976 4/11 4/13 4/14 4/24 4/25 Mean
Pre-T1 77.7 79.8 78.2 75.9 77.1 77.7Post-T1 80.9 78.9 * 79.0 77.5 79.1
Pre-Bi 98.1 106.1 99.3 109.0 101.5 102.8Post-Bi 101.9 111.7 * 113.5 115.9 110.8
Pre-K 212.8 204.3 210.8 201.2 213.3 208.5Post-K 227.6 210.2 * 214.3 213.9 216.5
Pre-Bi/T1 1.26 1.33 1.27 1.44 1.32 1.32Post-Bi/T1 1.26 1.42 * 1.44 1.49 1.40
Pre-Bi/K .461 .519 .471 .542 .476 .494Post-Bi/K .448 .531 * .530 .542 .513
Pre-T1/K .365 .391 .371 .377 .361 .373Post-T1/K .355 .375 * .369 .362 .365
Pre-BiAir 97.7 76.5 74.0 64.3 91.2 80.7Post-BiAir 101.0 50.3 * 58.9 71.8 70.5
* rain over baseline
Table 4. Baseline Data Summary
51
APPENDIX
FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTIONS
OF DATA FOR EACH GEOLOGIC TYPE
30
25
20
15 1
I I IIb'IIII
I 0 0 0 N N N 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
K C/S MEAN 167.36 ST DEV 34.66
30
25
20
15
10
5
- -N N N N N 0 0 0 0 0
M E O1O.7 ST 0EV 26.9
MEAN 121.75 ST DEV 29.99I C/S
10
6
30
25
20
15
I C N O 0
BI/K X 100
MEAN 28.39 ST DEV 5.03
.
MERN 73.?6 ST DEV 15.99
30
25
20
()z- 15
o 10
z
5
I I | | | II : 11i i0 C C O N 0 0m i-4 C 0 0 0o No0 0 r 1O C O C C O C O O O C C C C C O
BI/ TL X 100 MERN 259.36 ST 0EV 35.66
Al
30
25
20
15
10
6
0 0 0 *C 0
TL/K X 100
.NNn I n .
10 .1.
5
C
B30
25
20
15
10
5
- 1I Q N 0 *0 o0 o 0 00 NWsv 1- oc0 C0 CC0 CC 0CC 0 0 0 0 -J 0 0
I C/S lEAN 47.61 ST EV 14.36
GEOLOGIC UNIT J TOTAL EVENTS 3G
I- p i a 0 aa i a a -1
S l i 0 11 '"""i i " i "i i a 1 1 4 f 1 2
of " r r r
0 0 o ro 4-0 0 0
30
25
20
15
10
5
30
25
20
15
10
5
30
25
20
15
10
5
0/ 00N 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 E 4 0 0 0
C/S MEAN 161.31 ST 0EV 50.52
30
25
20
15
10
5
C/S MEAN 126.46 ST DEV 26.4?Y
30
25
20
15
10
5
I o
K
. 0
BI
A2
TL/K X 100 MEAN 32.60 ST 0EV 6.89
BI/K X 100 MEAN 62.08 ST DEV 16.8
30
25
20
C,)15
W
W
L-0 10
6z
0I/ TL X 10 0 0 4 -J 0EA . W 0 0 0E 50.f04 4
B I/ TL X 100 MEAN 255.69 ST 0EV 50.60
I F1i1CAW "r ri -"W r r
TL C/S MEAN 51.12 ST DEV 15.23
GEOLOGIC UNIT JSR TOTAL EVENTS 65
In 1
30
25
20
15
10
5
30
25
20
15
10
5
I o w(N i co@."(N .- PO to o PO Nw (NO(NO(NO 4949 aC( (
K C/ S MEAN 196.99 ST DEV 20.26
25
20
15
10
5
O O O O O b f Q! o a o o O
C/ S MEAN 121.0? ST DEV 19.3030
25
20
Cnz 15
WWLLC 10
z
5
I -- I I I- I I I I I I I II o r: to (N
TL/K X 10 030 t
B /KBI/K
. c6 . t6 . . . .
r .r .r .r .r . r
t71 1 m r+ r r r
0 0 0 0 0 0 o r ro w 4L m o y m w
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
KERN 32.T1 ST DEV 3.35
ILSO O O O O O ooO O O
x 100 MEAN 62.31 ST DEV 12.71
I o2 w(N @2 (N - to to t o w( N N4L - 4 (Nw (N (N(N o2 @ to N @A a -4o w N @ (N to @ o
BI/TL X 100 MEAN 190.74 ST DEV 34.23
A3
30
25
20
15
10
BI30
25
20
15
10
I5I @2 .- to (N 4 (N @2 -. @2 ( NI I
O r N i Cf Of " 10 r r r r r r
TL C/S MEAN 64.18 ST DEV 6.71GEOLOGIC UNIT K TOTAL EVENTS 99
- 1"-fit M- I ImIll I I 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 I f a i
H
. gip.
30
25
20
15
10
5
30
25
20
15
10
5
30
25
20
15
10
5
30
25
20
15
10
6
a aEA0Nm ma ) @. U) NE U) .0
C/S MEAN 170.65 ST 0EV 29.0
30
25
20
15
10
5
a af aW a" ar tor r ar ar N N aN N aN a WN W*C/SO MEAN 112.33 O ST 0V 0.71O
C/S MEAN 112.38 ST DEV 20.T1
I *
K
BI
I a
TL
GEOLO
L I I I
O O O O O O Cl O O O
C/S MEAN 45.19 ST DEV 8.50
GIC UNIT KD TOTAL EVENTS 8G
A84
S I I -'- -I-' I" I F " 1o o ooU) U)@0 -40 0 o O U)s L m y
0 0C 0 0 C0 C C 0 ) ) 01 0 0
TL/K X 100 MEAN 26.74 ST DEV 4.62
O9 O OO O O O O O O O O O
B I/ K X 100 MEAN 67.41 ST DEV 16.44
O W C1 0) r r.. r Nt N N W WU) U) sU s f O) dU) 6U1
8/ X1 ENO O O O O O O O O O O O O OB I/ TL X 100 MRN263.44 ST DEV 63.18
30
25
20
15WWLj.C 10
z
5
30
25
20
15
10
5
30
25
20
15
10
5
30
25
20
15
10
5
nlot
O O O O O O/ 6 o O O O
C/S MEAN 161.80 ST DEV 13.40 TL/ K X 100 MEAN 31.60 ST 0EV 3.56
30 +
25
20
15
10
a
BI/KO O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
x 10 0 MEAN 61.20 ST DEV 6.10
5
Oi. ..SOO O O O O O O O O O
C/S MEAN 160.00 ST DEV 12.02
30
25
20 1
I nfl I i i i i iB I/X0 0oMEANm1" .2o ST DEV 11. I
B Il L X 100 MEAN 193.20 ST 0EV 11.03
- 15zw
w
o 10
dz
5
R5
KI
K
30
25
20
15
10
5
BI
I ii i i i o Ii a i i i i i I
TL C/S MEAN 93.00 ST 0EV 6.50
GEOLOGIC UNIT KGH TOTAL EVENTS 5
I I II! I I I I I I I I
30
25
20
15
10
5
30
25
20
15
10
5
30
25
20
15
10
5
I I N N1a 1I I mC / 0s CD E- C r RNCD C.D CD C Tw C 4E 4. C C
C/S MEAN 207.69 ST 0EV 26.77
30
25
20
15
10
5
K
BI
1 1' I' I I I I I I I I I I I I iO r N w - 01 O - " co r r r r r r r ro 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 NCw -W CD 0 -4 w wC
00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
TL/K X 100 MEAN 27.67 ST DEV 2.21
O O O O O N f 0f O 0 m O Nf of
BI /K X 100 MEAN 58.22 ST DEV 7.48
0 0 wCD 0 co r r r D D CD CD CD4w4w CO 0 CM CwD 0 0 0 DC e0 -J.9 0 o CDO O CD CD CD mCD 4 -40 0 0 0 0 0 o 0 0 0 0 0o 0 0 0 0
BI/TL X 100 MEAN 193.67 ST DEV 29.92
AS
30
25
20
15
10
5
* 000C 0 0 D 0 0 D0C0 CD C CD CD0 CD C
C/S MERN 110.11 ST DEV 15.40
30
25
20
0,15
WWLi.
o 10
z
5
E O O O O O O O O O
TL C/S MERN 6? .99 ST DEV 11.71
GEOLOGIC UNIT KGR TOTAL EVENTsS9
150
125
100
75
50
25
150
125
100
75
50
25
150
125
100
75
0
25
C/S MEAN 192.64 ST DEV 40.00
270
225
180
135
90
C/S
MEAN 99.05N STa0EV 27.47SO O O O O O O O O O O O O O
KERN 88.05 ST DEV 2T.4?
I C
K
SCQ
BI
O C N CMf
TL C/SGEOLOGIC UNIT QAB
SO O O O O O O O
MEAN 49.78 ST DEV 12.81
TOTAL EVENTS 3797
T L X+ N100
TL/ K X 10 0
O N W O r0
O X1BI/K X 100
0 C00 0C 0C 0CM 0 CM @ 0 0 CM
MEAN 25.69 ST 0EV 4.80
O O O O O O O O O O O O O
MEAN 62.71 ST DEV 16.27
U A.o~I I I 101'i i 4
I O W O r r r N N N W W (a W fa) (atit Co CM(a O C O N AIm 0 raf. y- O C W( 0lC 0M N (M 0 r 4L -o O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
BI/ TL X 100 MEAN 207.92 ST DEV 64.90
A?
330
2T5
220
165
110
55
120
100
so
-60z s
w
w
0 40
z
20
I I I I I I I I I
in ----- AOL
9JL-J - - -1-
! ! -+ ! ! ! ' 1 ! 1 1 i ! 1 F 1 i
fi
30
25
20
15
10
5
30
25
20
15
10
5
30
25
20
15
10
5
C/S MEAN 20T.92 ST DEV 25.16
30
25
20
15
10
5
30
25
20
15
10
5
N f O f m N N N C CR CR CR CR
C/S MEAN 101.96 ST DEV 26.59
I
K
. 0
BI+
O N O o r0 r r r N N N N N CR CR CR wCRoC
O O O O C O O CO CO O O
BI/K X 100 MERN 46.66 ST 0EV 10.66
O t COr r r N N N CR wCR CR fCR f O CR C CCR 0 0 0 N CR 0 -P -4 0O CR 0 Co N oCR m0 rN .* -4
/TO O O O O O O O O O O O 177 TO
BI/ TL X 100 MEAN 167.07 ST DEV 34.4T
A8
I O r- N WCR t71 O -J 0 CRl CR * R 0 - 0 (O O O O O O O O O O O
TL/ K X 10 0 MERN 29.45 ST DEV 4.30
30
25
20
zWWU-o 10
z
I :I1IJIIiIiIfI1III 11IIIII II I1O0 O0 O0 O0 O0 O0 O0 O0 O0 O0 r N WCR i CR Q0 -d 1 0 W s X1Cf t r r r r r"~O O O O O O O O O O O
TL C/S MEAN 61.47 ST DEV 12.44
GEOLOGIC UNIT QAL TOTAL EVENTS 76
I I I! "I I I I ! ! ! ! ! !
390
325
260 .
195
130
65
270
225
160-
135
90
45
390
325
260
195
130
65
* o to to w w w w10 10 L 4L 10 a a
MN4 S1O O O O O O O O O O
MERN 114.36 ST DEV 18.72
330
2T5
220
165
110
55
MERN 51.19 ST DEV 16.74
120
100
0
(n-60
w
o 40
z
20
50
450
360
270
180
90
T/ a
TL/ K X 100
BI/K X 100
I i i i i I i i I I i i i i 1 -I I i iS A a -1 0 r r rraa a a a0 a a a to w10 a a -a 0m1
a a a a a a a a a a
MEAN 19.69 ST 0EV 4.11
MEAN 45.22 ST DEV 14.8
I a v vi 0 .- .rtr to N o to Oa a a s f* a a aB/ X1 EAO O O O O O O O O O O O O O
BI/ TL X 100 MEAN 237.64 ST DEV 96.22
A9
O O OC/ S
9O
K
BII C/S
-A1_ .
+ O O O O O O O O O O " N W i m a -1 " W~O O O O O O O O O O O
TL C/S MERN 22.69 ST OEV 6.98
GEOLOGIC UNIT 005 TOTAL EVENTS 5403
4 1- I
.I L L
t 1 1 F ' 1 i I i I 1 ! 4 I F 4 f i I I I I
I 1 - F I I I- I III I II - 1 I
-4
390
325
260
195
130
65
330
275
220
165
110
55
330
275
220
165
110
55
C/SO OC M
C/S MEOA 15.5 STW 0E 29.72A
EAN 15T.59 ST DEV 29.T2
540
450
360
270
180
90
MEAN 7T.96 ST DEV 26.12
210
175
140
z- 105z
Li-0 70
cz
35
r O Oo
TL C/SGEOLOGIC UNIT QTP
MERN 39.64 ST DEV 12.30
TOTAL EVENTS 8503
A 10
720
600
400
360
240
120
K
B IC/S
I 0 0 01 * 01 0 4 0 .00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o 0 0 -4 ao 000 000 0 0
TL/K X 100 MEAN 24.965 ST DEV 4.54
BI/K X 100 MEAN 49.52 ST DEV 15.4
1 0 0 0 0 0 4 .0 ( P0 0 0 4 O
BI/TL X 100 MERN 209.44 ST 0EV 71.47
I I I I -, I -- t -f t 1 I
I I I - I I I I I
1740
1450
1160
670
560
290
I C
K1530
1275
1020
765
510
255
BI1360
1150
920
690
460
230
I C
O O O O O O O
C/ S MEAN 216
O O O OST E OV 7O.
6.94 ST DEV T .86
4140
3450
2760
20T0
1380
690
N O m 0 r- 0r + N N N N N N N N N
MO O O O O O O O O O O O O
C/ S KERN 110.52 ST DEV 24.21
Si i a 2 m A I I I i I i i I i
C N 4
BI/K X1960
1650
1320
Z~ 990z
LL0 660cigg
z
330
I C N
BulTL X
10O N 16 S0V1O O O O O O O O O
100 MEAN 51.20 ST DEV 11.32
N N N NLNyNoNW404m 4 0 ( (
MEAN 162.56 ST DEV 40.??
1 0
100
A11
5730
4775
3820
2865
1910
955
TLGEOLO
F I i a i I i I I i ""'f- | | 1 i i iC C0 C C0 C C 0C N ( 0 40 40
C/S MEAN 89.69 ST DEV 18.40
GIC UNIT TO TOTAL EVENTS 51560
OI N N 0 0 4 -40L X 1 CMEAN 0 O.v N DE .0 '"f
TL/ K X 100 MEAN 31.94 ST 0EV 3.94
H 1 i F M 1" M F1 =M H 1 -1 F 1 1-
r - , -- - -- -i i 1 | | | I
-- r-t-r
w
w
0
30
25
20
15
10
5
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I0 0 0 N CM10" r 4L 0 CMO0 CM N NCM"0r -J
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
C/ S MEAN 1T0.87 ST DEV 14.92
30
25
20
15
10
5
30
25
20
15
10 4.
OKBI/K
IMliD~~[L0- 0 "C-,-C-C-..C+N N N N N CM CM M CM C
X 100 MEAN 72.96OSTO0EVO16.91
X 1NO MEAN 42.96 ST DEV 18.81
5
O O O O O N sQ f O m O0 0 0 0 0C/00 . N 0 0 0 N 0 0
I C/ S MEAN 121.67 ST 0EV 24.3
30
25 4.
n nhl .&iinhln'nnn1iH- - - -- - - F- - i i H i F I i
I 0 XC t0 ME1-A N N 2 .0 w Cw wM wsT E s C4 it CA C
B I/ L X 100 MEAN 233.00 ST 0EV 46.39
20
(r>15
LL-
C0 10
z
5
A 12
O N CO f CMA O -JN C O r r rO 0 O0 O0 O0 O0 O0 O0 0 0 0 N C M 0O! -7 m C0I O */ 0 EN 30OT0V31
TL/K X 100 MEAN 30.TT ST DEV 3.19ONK
30
25
20
15
10
5
B30
25
20
10
5
I O r N N of - m 0 r r r r r r r 0 00N0C0C 0 M 0 -0 0 0
TL C/S MEAN 52.49 ST DEV 5.25
GEOLOGIC UNIT TR TOTAL EVENTS 39
non r l SN 0
4
C
60
50
40
30
20
10
60
50
40
30
20
10
60
50
40
30
20
10
MEAN 166.35 ST DEV 41.5990
75
60
45
30
15
MEAN 106.41 ST DEV 26.67
so
50
40
z30ww
0 20
0z
10
i ! m s a1 l" i i am i 1O O O O O O O O O O
MEAN 51.23 ST DEV 13.41
TOTAL EVENTS 1143
TL/K X 100
a a0aa0aa0a 0 00 -0 0 0
MEAN 27.91 ST 0EV 6.46
BI/K X 100 MEAN 59.5? ST 0EV 21.06
.nnn. n t
aO aO a a0 O o O 0O a a a a Oa0
BI/ TL X 100 MEAN 215.66 ST DEV 61.60
A 13
C/S
120
100
60
60
40
20
K
. O csC/SBI
I" a N 0 0
TL C/SGEOLOGIC UNIT TRC
I I I I I I I I I I II I I IIr
Ll n n n n
Ann -1
The following areas flown by GEODATA INTERNATIONAL, INC.,
for THE UNITED STATES ENERGY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION, have
been released and are available from GEODATA INTERNATIONAL, INC., DALLAS,
TEXAS.
Jackson-Goliad Formations in Texas - AEC Contract No. AT(05-1)-1632
Central Appalachian Triassic Basin, Virginia and NorthCarolina - Contract No. GJO-1644
Plainview/Lubbock NTMS Series, Northwest Texas - ContractNo. GJO-1654
Greenville, Athens, Spartanburg, Florence, Augusta, Georgetown,and Savannah NTMS Series; North and South Carolina andGeorgia - Contract No. GJO-1663