Aerial SurveyingI. Clarification of terms

1. Borrow pits v.s. waste bank

2. Primary control, secondary control, and intermediate control points

3. Small-scale mosaic v.s. scale model and scaled-down model

4. Band route / mosaic band

5. All but v.s all but as in “At this stage of reconnaissance a small-scale mosaic will provide sufficient detail to enable elimination of all but a couple of possible bands.”

6. A couple of, several, a few, tens of, dozens of, scores of, hundreds of, thousands of, hundreds and thousands of, millions of, trillions of, (cf. tens of thousands)

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Aerial SurveyingI. Clarification of terms

7. Preliminary location v.s. final location

8. Specifications (also specs: A detailed, exact statement of particulars, especially a statement prescribing materials, dimensions, and quality of work for something to be built, installed, or manufactured 规格 , 如对工程、设备或产品的原料、尺寸或质量进行明确、详细地说明 ), codes (as in a traffic code), standards (as in The Standard of Basic Technical Terms of Waterway Engineering)

9. Frost heave/ capillary action

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Aerial SurveyingII. Functions of Aerial photographs

1. Being used as visual aids in technical conferences and at public hearings;

2. Being used as valuable tools in seeking the most suitable topographic location for the highway;

3. Locating sand and gravel deposits, borrow pits, and rock areas suitable for quarrying;

4. Rating soil-bearing capacities as good, fair or poor;

5. Outlining soils as to their texture, and estimating the depths of organic deposits;

6. Classifying bedrock as to physical types and their relative depths below the surface;

7. Estimating depths of glacial drift and wind-blown material;

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Aerial SurveyingII. Functions of Aerial Photographs

8. Estimating hydrological factors;

9. Delineating active and potential areas involving problems such as sink holes, slides, rock falls and frost heave;

10. Locating underground utilities placed by cut-and-cover methods;

11. Providing the most up-to-date information regarding current land use;

12. Locating important intermediate control points

13. Cutting down the amount of soil survey field work

III. Homework:

1. List at least five objectives of aerial photographs.

2. Complete Exs. II & V on page 15 in the textbook.4 Friday, April 21, 2023