aerophysics research corporation jtn-09 technical … · methods may be employed in conjunction...
TRANSCRIPT
NASA CR-
AEROPHYSICS RESEARCH CORPORATION JTN-09TECHNICAL NOTE VOLUME I
(NASA-CR-141594) GEOMETRY TECHNOLOGY MODULE N75-171 2 0
(GTM). VOLUME 1: ENGINEERING DESCRIPTIONAND UTILIZATION MANUAL Final Report(Aerophysics Research Corp., Houston Tex.) Unclas
113 p HC $5.25 CSCL 09B G3/61 09641
GTM: GEOMETRY TECHNOLOGY MODULE
VOLUME I - ENGINEERING DESCRIPTION AND UTILIZATION MANUAL
By: S. J. Reiners, G. N. HirschG. E. Alford and C. R. Glatt
Reproduced by
NATIONAL TECHNICALINFORMATION SERVICE
US Department of Commerce
Prepared for: Springfield, VA. 22151
NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATIONJohnson Spacecraft CenterHouston, Texas 77058
December 1974
https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19750009048 2020-03-19T17:12:20+00:00Z
NOT ICE
THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN REPRODUCED FROM THE
BEST COPY FURNISHED US BY THE SPONSORING
AGENCY. ALTHOUGH IT IS RECOGNIZED THAT CER-
TAIN PORTIONS ARE ILLEGIBLE, IT IS BEING RE-
LEASED IN THE INTEREST OF MAKING AVAILABLE
AS MUCH INFORMATION AS POSSIBLE.
1. Report No. 2. Goverciment Accession No. 3. R R ecipet's Satalog
NASA CR- ,74. Title and Subtit!e 5. Report Date
t December 1974GEOMETRY TECHNOLOGY MODULE (GTM) rming zationodeVOLUME I - ENGINEERING DESCRIPTION AND Pormin OnzaioCoe
UTILIZATION MANUAL
7. Author(s) 8. Performing Organization Report No.
S. J. Reiners, G. N. Hirsch, G. E. Alford and JTN-09'Volume I
C. -R. Glatt 10. Work Unit No.
9. Performing Organization Name and Address
Aeroph sics Research Corporation 11. Contracf or Grant No.
Housto , Texas 77058 . NAS9-13584
13. Type of Report and Period Covered
12. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address
Nation a1 Aeronautics and Space Administraiton 14. Sponsoring Agency CodeJohnson Spacecraft CenterEngineering Analysis Division
Ex4
15. Supplementary Notes
Final Report
16. Abstract
The Geometry Technology Module (GTM) is a system of computer-
ized elements residing in the EDIN (Engineering. Design
Integration) System library developed for the generation, I
manipulation, display, computation of mass properties and data
base management of panelled geometry. The GTM is composed of
computer programs and associated data for performing configura-
tion analysis on geometric shapes. The program can be operated
in batch or demand mode and is designed for interactive use.
ICEs SI)EKr T C1A1
17. Key Words (Suggested by Author(s)) 18. Distribution Statement
EDIN, geometry, design, Unclassified Unlimited
technology, data base
19. Security Oassif. (of this report) 20. Security Classif. (of this page) 21. No. of Pages 22. Price'
Unclassified Unclassified 107,
For sale by the National Technical Information Service. Springfield. Virginia 22151
AEROPHYSICS RESEARCH CORPORATION JTN-09TECHNICAL NOTE VOLUME I
GTM: GEOMETRY TECHNOLOGY MODULEVOLUME I - ENGINEERING DESCRIPTION AND UTILIZATION MANUAL
By: S. J. Reiners, G. N. HirschG. E. Alford and C. R. Glatt
Prepared for
NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATIONJohnson Spacecraft CenterHouston, Texas 77058
December 1974
FORWARD
This final report describing the formulation of the GeometryTechnology Module (GTM) is provided in accordance with NASAContract NAS9-13584. The report is presented in two volumesas follows:
VOLUME I - Geometry Technology Module EngineeringDescription and Utilization Manual.
VOLUME II - Geometry Technology Module Programmers'Manual.
This work was conducted under the direction of Mr. Robert Abelof the Engineering Analysis Division, National Aeronautics andSpace Administration, Johnson Spacecraft Center.
iii
TABLE OF CONTENTSPage
SUMMACrRYd..... . . .o ..................... 1INTRODUCTION......................... .. ....... .. ...... ........ 2
SURFACE MODEL... ......................................... 7
Geometric Definition............................... 7Geometric Display............. ......................... 7
Coordinate System.................................8Coordinate Transformations.....................7Mathematical Aids..............................11
PROGRAM CHARACTERISTICS .................................. 13
PROGRAM DESCRIPTION........... ......................... 16
PROGRAM USAGE ......... .. ............... ..................... 20
Control Cards........................ .............20
Program Input....................................22Master Level Language ............................. 22
Image Input... ..................... ........ ....... 22
Input.. ....... ... .... ... .................. ... 24
Cluster Edit................................26...Edit Command Summary.......................... 26
Output Command Summary......................... 27Transformation Command Summary................27Display Command Summary......................28Edit Commands.................................29Transformation Commands.......................33Bounding Commands.............................. 35
Register Commands ............................. 36Miscellaneous Commands.........................36
Segment Edit. .................................. 37Point Edit Commands...............................37
Segment Level Commands........................41Program Output................................. 42
SPECIAL USER INSTRUCTIONS......................................43How to Execute GTM..................... ............. 43
How to Call a Menu.................................43How to Access Stored Geometry......................44How to Input Externally Generated Gentry Geometry..44How to Output Geometry..............................44How to Rotate Geometry.........................45How to Translate Geometrye........................45How to Display Geometry.............................46
CONCLUDING REMARKS ..................................... 46REFERENCES ............................................. 48APPENDIX A - GTM COMMAND AND FUNCTION SUMMARY............49
Master Module Menu Index..........................49Image Input Module Language Index.................51Cluster Edit Module Menu Index.....................53
Segment Edit Module Menu Index........... .............. 66
Calculator Module Menu Index...........................73
Input Module Menu Index................................75
Preceding page blank
TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)Page
APPENDIX B - GTM DATA BASE................................ 76APPENDIX C - SAMPLE PROBLEM ..............................77
Aerodynamic Surfaces................................. 77APPENDIX D - SAMPLE PROBLEM..............................81
Gull Wing Geometry Generation........................ 81
Body Enhancement ........................................ 104
vi
GEOMETRY TECHNOLOGY MODULE (GTM)
VOLUME I - ENGINEERING DESCRIPTION AND UTILIZATION MANUAL
By: S. J. Reiners, G. N. Hirsch, G. E. Alford and C. R. Glatt
SUMMARY
The Geometry Technology Module (GTM) is a system of computer-ized elements residing in the EDIN (Engineering DesignIntegration) System library developed for the generation,manipulation, display, computation of mass properties and database management of panelled geometry. The GTM is composed ofcomputer programs and associated data for performing configura-tion analysis on geometric shapes. The program can be operatedin batch or demand mode and is designed for interactive use.The significant features of the program are:
1. Data bases containing two and three dimensional shapesincluding standardized shapes generated by the GTM.
2. An executive computer program containing a userorientated language for controlling the generation,display and calculation of mass properties on selectedvehicle components.
3. An auxiliary computer program and data base for theconstruction and storage of language elements, menus,user instructions and messages.
4. A library of independent geometry generation programsfor the creation of specialized geometric panelling.
The techniques used in the program are described including thedata base concept. A description of the GTM language and datainput requirements is also provided for engineering utilization.
1
INTRODUCTION
Configuration analysis is considered to be a key element in the
design process and one which has not been automated to a largedegree. The layout of a candidate vehicle has historicallytaken place on the drawing board. Geometric.input requirements
for other technological analysis are derived from the configura-tion analysis. Figure 1 illustrates the data flow from the con-
figuration analysis ,technology. The receiving technologies use
the geometric data in their analysis and often generate geometric
constraints. Many kinds of monitoring diagrams, data displays,
drawings, etc. can be and have been generated numerically for
rapid display by computer graphics methods. But in the final
analysis, the burden of the detailed configuration descriptionhas rested with the draftsman under the direction of the design
staff. A great deal of experimentation with interactive com-
puter graphics has taken place in an effort to automate the con-
figuration analysis; but their use has had nowhere near the
impact that was originally sought. -However, recent developments
in computer technology have led the way to some reconsideration
of the use of interactive graphics in the design process.
1. The advent of the time sharing systems in third gen-
eration computers has virtually collapsed the cost of
man-machine interface.
2. The development of data base concepts for storage ofall design information makes data readily accessiblein an online mode.
3. The development of the EDIN system of'linking indepen-dent programs isolates the graphics function from theanalysis modules.
4. The engineering attitude toward direct interface withthe computer is changing as a direct result of time-share systems.
A major obstacle in the advancement of interactive graphicstechnology is the development of a flexible geometry definitionmodule for the layout of aerospace vehicles. It seems evidentthat a considerable contribution to the automated design processcan ba made by the GTM.
2 JO
CONCEPTS
VEHICLE CHARACTERISTICSMISSION CONFIGURATION
OPERATIONAL CONSTRAINTS " ANALYSISECONOMI C GOALS
PERFORMANCE GOALS
STRUCTURAL GEOMETRY SURFACE AREAS ENGINE GEOMETRYFUEL LOAD VOLUMES CLEARANCESDEAD WEIGHT LOAD EXTERNAL GEOMETRY INSULATION
PROTURBANCES APU GEOMETRYFAIRIiNGS
STRUCTURAL AERODYNAMIC "PROPULSIONANALYSIS ANALYSIS . ANALYSIS
FIGURE. 1 CONFIGURATION ANALYSIS
i4
Current methods of configuration analysis employ the classicalapproach to the utilization of automation computing equipment.The GTM method described in this report is contracted withcurrent methods in figure 2. Present day configuration analysiscapability, when automated at all, is stratified throughout theengineering community and confined to isolated programs qearedto specialized applications. Although the EDIN system offersthe designers the ability to collect the analysis capability,the collection does not meet nearly all the needs. More con-figuration description is usually required. This usually involvesadditional programming with associated delays in the designanalysis.
The GTM method collects the better features of presentconfiguration analysis methods into a single program.It also automates some of the analysis methods not previouslyavailable and provides a repository of past configurationsto draw upon for future design analysis. In addition, presentmethods may be employed in conjunction with the GTM analysisthrough GTM executive commands. The GTM method of configurationanalysis is made possible by the data base concepts developedas a direct result of previous EDIN data base developmentexperience.
The basic capabilities exhibited by the GTM are summarized infigure 3 . The first Geometry Definition illustrates the usercapability to generate new geometry, use existing geometry instandardized formats and use externally generated geometry fromanother geometry generation program. In conjunction with theuser ability to define geometry, GTM provides the user with thecapability to manipulate geometry. The manipulation includestranslations, rotations, scaling, merging of geometric compon-ents, division of geometry and surface fits. GTM also providesfor display of geometry. The geometric display can be trans-lated, rotated, overlayed or zoomed for image enhancement. Massproperty evaluations may be commanded. The evaluation includesa printout of weights, volume, center of gravity and surfaceareas of the accessed geometry. The GTM also provides thecapability for easily interfacing with the EDIN system.
4
CURRENT METHODS
INPUT _ GEOMETRYGENERATION
INPUT GEOMETRY OUTPUT
DISPLAY
INPUT GEOMETRY OUTPUTANALYSIS
GTM METHOD
SINPUT
GENERATION ENHANCED 4--- TRANSFORMATIONS
DISPLAY 1 > EDIN _ CURVE FITTING.
ANALYSIS DATA INTERFERENCE
F EXECUTIVE -- BASE COMPONENT.SYSTEM REQUESTS SELECTION
I OUTP UT
FIGURE 2 COMPARISON OF.CONFIGURATION ANALYSIS METHODS5
DISPLAY
MASS PROPERTIESGEOMETRY MANIPULATION
GEOMETRY DEFINITION L., GRAPCS
EDIN SYSTEM INTERFACE
FIGURE 3 GTM CAPABILITIES,
SURFACE MODEL
The approach taken for exterior geometry consists of generatinga data bank of nominal prestored conceptual configuration types.These shapes can include a variety of two and three dimensionalshapes recallable from the data base as components or sectionsof the vehicle, then scaled and smoothed by standardized geometrictransformations to provide rapid generation of conceptual vehiclegeometry. The resultant shapes can be stored as auxiliary shapesfor future recall. This data bank will be capable of readyextension to include additional vehicle types as they becomeavailable. The configuration designer can recall a given con-ceptual design from the data base as his nominal design and dis-play the vehicle on the graphics display. Once the conceptualdesign is displayed, the vehicle can be scaled, rotated andtranslated in any manner desired. Components can be selectedor deleted from the display to clarify the viewers interpreta-tion. New components can be generated to replace existing ones.Later versions of the GTM will permit modifications of existingdata base geometry. In the interactive mode parameters such aswing sweep, aspect ratio or fuselage fineness ratio will becapable of online modification. By this means, a modifiedvehicle's external geometry for the conceptual type examinedwill automatically be generated.
Geometric Definition
The body shape in the GTM is treated as sets of points in three-dimensional space. The basic unit of geometry is the surfacepoint. A grouping of surface points in a plane describes asection. An organization of a number of related sections formsa component. A number of components is used to give a com-plete description of the vehicle. Each component is an independ-ent unit which can be stored by name and drawn (or displayed)separately or collectively with other components. The geometrycan be input in BCD card format generated internal or externalto the GTM, retrieved from the data base. Later versions willallow creation at an interactive terminal. The geometry is in-put to the program in two-dimensional space, section by section.The input technique is similar to a drawing board draftingtechnique. All data is stored in the data base in section for-mat.
Geometric Display
The display model comes to the stored geometry to quadrilateralelements then scales, translates and rotates the geometry
7
elements to the desired position and orientation with respectto the viewer. The resulting plot vector is directed to thetarget display device.
In general, the equations for the geometric rotations describedhere apply to any orientation angle. The transformationsdeveloped apply to rotation of a three-dimensional shape ontoa plane. This is precisely the problem for displaying geometrypictorially. The following paragraphs will describe the trans-formations required for displaying geometry in the GTM.
Coordinate System. - Each point on the surface is described byits coordinates in the body reference coordinate system.
[X (1)The body reference coordinate system is assumed to be a conven-tional right-handed Cartesian system as illustrated below:
Z
Y
x
Coordinate Transformations. - To create the perspective drawingsor generate geometry, each surface point on the section must berotated to the desired angle and then transformed into the desiredcoordinate system. With zero rotation angles the body coordinatesystem is coincident with the local system in the plane of thepaper.
8
z
4 yaw
4 roll
_ _Yo
X0o e pitc.1
The rotations of the body and its coordinate system to give adesired viewing angle are specified by a yaw-pitch-roll sequence(9,e,) . The rotation is given by the following relationship:
Y = 0 y (2)
Z z
When X,Y,Z represents the coordinates with respect to the systemreference axes and x,y,z represent the coordinates with respectto the local coordinate system, i.e. the plane of the paper ordisplay.
9
The rotation matrices ,8O and i are given by:
i= l cos o (3)o o 1
cosO o -sin0o= o 1 (4)
sin 0 o cosO
o oJ= o no (5)Lo -sin cos4
orX x
Y = E Y (6)
Since each point on the surface is given by its coordinates inthe X,Y,Z system, its position in the local coordinate system(x,y,z) may be found by reversing the above process.
X -1
y [Y (8)
Equation 8 describes the transformation required to rotatevehicle geometry onto the plane of the paper for display pur-poses. Equation 6 is the transformation required to rotateinput geometry to the system reference coordinate system.However, the transformation does not include the translation
10
of the local coordinate system Xo, Yo, Zo to the desired posi-
tion with respect to the system reference axes. The completetransformation is shown below:
= o (9)
Mathematical Aids. - The transformational relationships ofequation 8 completely describe the raw transformation requiredto rotate every point on the vehicle to the .desired angle withrespect to the reference coordinate system, then onto the planeof the paper. However, the resulting drawing is difficult tointerpret because of hidden lines. Further, since only one half,or one quarter (for symmetrical vehicles) of the coordinatepoints are usually input, some additional calculations aredesirable.
Input points are grouped into elements of four in the quadri-lateral surface element technique used in this program. Thetechnique provides a convenient means of limiting the drawnlines to those normally seen by the viewer at the definedviewing angles. Each input element is replaced by a planequadrilateral surface made up of the four lines connecting thepoints. The quadrilateral characteristics are used to determinethe visibility of the four lines. At the users option hiddenlines may be drawn or deleted. The quadrilateral character-istics include the area, centroid and the direction cosines ofthe surface unit normal. The surface unit normals may be trans-formed through the required rotation angles just as was donefor the individual points. The resulting value of the componentof the unit normal in the X direction (out of the plane of the
paper) may be found from the following equation:
nx = n (cosocos ')+n (-sinYcoso+sinOcosYsin )
+nz(sinjsin4+sin~cos cosc) (10)
where nx, ny' nz are the components of the surface unit normal
in the vehicle reference system.
If nx is positive then the surface element is facing the viewer.
If nx is negative the element faces away from the plane of the
paper. This result can be used in the program to provide theoption of deleting most of those elements on a vehicle thatnormally could not be seen by a viewer. The resulting pictureis thus made more realistic. Confusing elements which are onthe back side of a section do not appear. A new criterion willbe provided for the deletion of those elements that face theviewer but are blocked by other body sections.
Examination of equation 10 suggests that sections may be furtherclarified by selectively eliminating elements on the basis ofof the angle a that the unit normal makes with the plane of thepaper.
-1a = cos ( ) (11)
If the angle a is restricted as follows:
0 < a < 5 (degrees) (12)
Then only those panels near the outside envelope of the vehiclewould be drawn giving the appearance of a cutaway drawing andpermitting the drawings of internal components. This methodshall be incorporated in the GTM as a development step in therefinement of the interactive geometry description. The usershall have the ability to describe the angular range of a foreach section of the vehicle.
12
PROGRAM CHARACTERISTICS
The Geometry Technology Module is applicable to all shellstructures internal and external to the vehicle. Geometricanalysis performed in the GTM can be augmented by nongeometricdata such as mass properties and point mass elements. Majoremphasis was the development of a geometric definition modulewhich generates suitable information for use in the EDIN libraryof technology modules and provides a means of perturbing thegeometric definition without a significant impact on manpoweror computer resources. The module contains simple weight andbalance equations for rapidly accessing the impact of geometricchanges on the mass properties of the vehicle. Proper use ofthe GTM will expose geometric and/or mass properties inconsisten-cies prior to expending the manpower and computer resources fora full-blown design analysis. The programs.are designed forbatch, demand or interactive operations and can be easily extend-ed as new capability is developed.
The flexible capability for layout of vehicle external andinternal components is available with interfaces with technologyprogram modules for the analysis of aerodynamic, propulsive,weights, structures and performance modules. Geometry Technol-ogy Module (GTM) is an independent program set residing in theEDIN library and is executable under control of the DLG programof reference 1. All interprogram communication and geometricdata are stored in a large scale data base which can be dynam-ically constructed under control of the GTM or DLG executivecomputer programs. The development of the GTM was coordinatedwith the expansion and extension of the EDIN data base underconcurrent development.
The objective in the construction of the EDIN compatible GTMcode included:
1. Minimum core size is achieved since a large overlaystructure with attendant hard coded interfaces is by-passed. This is particularly significant for a graphicsprogram with current core restrictions.
2. A large data base and a rapid access technique arealready available for the storage of geometry data.
3. The geometry generated by the geometry module will besuitable for use in other EDIN programs without trans-formation.
The characteristics and capabilities of the GTM are illustratedin figure 4. The GTM was developed in such a fashion to enablean engineer to:
13
GEOMETRY DEFINITION
USER GENERATED GEOMETRYEXISTING GEOMETRY (STANDARD FORMATS)EXTERNALLY GENERATED GEOMETRY (FROM ANOTHER PROGRAM)
GEOMETRY MANIPULATION
GEOMETRIC TRANSLATIONSGEOMETRIC ROTATIONSGEOMETRIC SCALINGMERGING OF GEOMETRYDIVISION OF GEOMETRYSURFACE FITS
GEOMETRY DISPLAY
TRANSLATIONSROTATIONSZOOMSOVERLAYS
MASS PROPERTIESWEIGHTSVOLUMECENTER OF GRAVITYSURFACE AREA
EDIN SYSTEM INTERFACE
GENTRY GEOMETRY OUTPUTOPERATIONS STACKGEOMETRIC PARAMETERS
FIGURE 4 GTM CAPABILITIES,
14
1. Generate interior and exterior configuration geometryby inputting data from a remote terminal and from adata base of stored three dimensional geometricalshapes and standard section data.
2. Perturb configuration geometry by scaling, translation,rotation and mathematical mapping of component geometry.
3. Perturb the configuration by specifying mathematicalsurface fi't functions. Select from a menu of mathe-matical functions to allow the geometry module tofair the new configuration through the desired shape.
4. Analyze the interior arrangement of geometric compon-ents with respect to each other and with respect tothe external configuration to avoid volumetric con-flict and violation of exterior lines of the vehicle.
5. Select components for the purpose of displaying threedimensional internal-and external geometry, cutaways,inboard profiles and composite sections.
6. Select components for the purpose of mass propertiesevaluation including weight, volume and center ofgravity calculations. Specify (non-geometric) pointmass properties to be included in this evaluation.
7. Generate the required geometric interface data to beinput into the data base which would be consistentwith geometry data required for sizing, aerodynamicsanalysis, packaging, weight and balan.ce, andstructural analysis.
15
The following presents a summary of the physical characteristicsof the GTM:
HOST COMPUTER: Univac 1110
FILE NAME(S): EX42-00002*GTM2. (SOURCE/RELOCATABLES)
EX42-00002*GTM. (ABSOLUTE ELEMENT)EX42-00002*DATA5. (DATA BASE/
LANGUAGE)EX42-00002*ODIN-DBINIT2. (MAP
ELEMENT)
ABSOLUTE ELEMENT NAME: GTM
LANGUAGE: FORTRAN V
PROGRAM SIZE: 24000 DECIMAL (OVERLAYED)
CARD SOURCE: + 12000
OPERATING MODE: BATCH OR DEMAND
DISPLAY INTERFACE TEKTRONIX
PROGRAM DESCRIPTION
The GTM uses the Level 2 data management system developed forthe Engineering Design Integration (EDIN) System. The systemis a set of Fortran callable subroutines which store andretrieve blocks of information on the mass storage media ofthe Univac 1100 series compuers, DMAN maintain a directory ofdata block names and associated record positions on the massstorage file.
Upon definition of a data block (usually a sequence of X,Y,Zpoints), a directory entry is dynamically constructed. WhenDMAN receives a retrieval request, the directory is searchedto determine the block location. Data manipulation then takesplace on the located data. The GTM is structured to providethe user the capability of manipulating geometry through ahierarchy of subprogram modules.
The executive GTM module is composed of several major executivelevels. These levels are called by the GTM executive, namedMASTER. The major executive levels are the input module, clusteredit module and segment edit module. Figure 5 illustrates theGTM program organization.
16
MASTERMODULE
DATA SEGMENT CLUSTERINPUT EDIT EDIT
NEW GEOMETRY MODIFY STRUCTUREEXISTING GEOMETRY LIST DISPLAYINPUT OPERATIONS STACK DISPLAY OUTPUT
MASS PROPERTIES
FIGURE 5 GTM PROGRAM ORGANIZATION.
Jb
The MASTER module (GTM Executive) is the control point in theGTM from which all sublevel executives are accessed. It con-tains its own language set which allows the user to perform database management functions, access sublevel executives and gen-eral program control. Three primary sublevel languages areavailable, input, segment edit and cluster.
The INPUT sublevel executive is provided for reading data which
is stored in specific geometry formats. Two are available, theGentry format of reference 1 and the GTM format. GTM formatallows free-field data to be entered. The data may be any typeof information. This data is read in and stored in the database geometry tree 'structure. The INPUT module contains itsown language set and associated menus, which can be displayedupon command.
The CLUSTER EDIT Module contains a language subset and instruc-tions necessary for creating and maintaining the geometric datatree structure. Functions are also provided for translation,rotation and.scaling of tree stored data and output of the datain forms for interfacing with other EDIN technology modules.In addition, it contains the necessary logic to display geometryfor image viewing. The display functions have a number offeatures which allow the user to zoom in on a specific region,overlay geometry, scale geometry and filter geometry for resolu-tion. Mass properties evaluations are also commanded from theCLUSTER EDIT Module.
The SEGMENT EDIT Module provides the capability to composegeometric shapes, manipulate geometry at the segment level anddisplay of geometric segments. Specific operations includetranslation, rotations, scaling, point redistributions, segmentcutting, point edit commands and display. Themodule containsits own language subset addressable by the user.
The GTM provides the capability of maintaining and updatinggeometry information in a name oriented data base. The geometrycan be a section, component or a cluster, as shown in figure 6.
A section is defined as a sequence of arbitrary X,Y,Z pointsdefining a line in three dimensional space. A component is acollection of sections approximating surface points in threedimensional space. A cluster is defined as a collection ofcomponents which form a complete or partial surface configura-tion. The data can be tree structured at the cluster level soanalysis can be performed on groups or collections of data withrelatively simple data structure definitions. Once the datais assessed by the GTM, a variety of manipulation techniquesare available at all data definition levels through the GTMlanguage.
18
SEGMENT
A (DATA POINTS
CLUSTER COMPONENT SECTION
B B, A, B. A. A. (ATA POINTS
B, B, B, A, B, (DATA POINTS
B. C B. A C ATA POINTS
FIGURE 6 GTM GEOMETRY STRUCTURES,
When geometry is inserted into the data base in a tree structure,the tree can be defined at four levels as illustrated by thefollowing:
CLUSTER NAME
COMPONENT NAME
SECTION NAME
DATA POINT
Individual geometry data sets are generally stored only oncethough each set may belong to more than one cluster (tree).
The GTM has advanced to the state where geometry can be storedby name at several hierarchical levels in a tree structure.Editing of the data can be performed at all levels of datadefinition. The program contains the basic utilities whichpermit the development of user orientated manipulation of geometryand critical manipulation functions such as scaling, rotationand translations.
PROGRAM USAGE
The computer program usage requirements described in thissection are oriented toward the Univac Exec 8 1110 version andspecifically towards the Johnson Spacecraft Center's installa-tion. The actual program input (language commands) describedare applicable wherever the program is installed but the con-trol cards of the program will differ from computer to computer.
Control Cards
The control cards for execution of the GTM are illustrated byfigure 7. After input of the run card, an assign of temporaryfile one (1) is required for data base storage. The data baseand associated GTM language set presently resides on file EX42-00002*DATA5. Instructions for creating a new data base and theassociated language structure are contained in reference 4.A copy of the DATA5 file to temporary file one (1) is requiredto protect the integrity of the data base. All I/O is storedand retrieved from file 1 during execution. If the user wishesto retain any data base entries during execution, he may perman-ently save these entries by a copy of file 1 to DATA5 prior totermination. Following the execute command, the user is freeto enter GTM orientated commands. A brief discussion of thesecommands follows. Further information on the command structureand associated language set can be found in Appendix A.
20
FIN CARD @FIN
GTM COMMANDS CMD
GTM COMMANDS
EXECUTE CARD @XQT GTM2.GTM
COPY DATA BASE -- @COPY DATA5.,1.
ASSIGN CARD- @ASG,T i.
RUN CARD / @RUN RUNID,ACCOUNT,ORGANIZATION
FIGURE 7 TYPICAL RUN STREAM.
21
Program Input
The GTM operates upon a data base of stored information whichis manipulated by a language set which is the input to the pro-gram. The information which follows describes in brief thelanguage structure of the GTM.
The GTM consists of a master level executive and other lowerlevel executives. The executives are responsible for executinga specific task upon request by the user. A language consistingof manipulation commands for controlling the GTM at each execu-tive level is available.
Master Level Language
The following commands are the statements available in the masterexecutive at the present time:
*IMAGE INPUT
*INPUT
*CLUSTER EDIT
*SEGMENT EDIT
SAVE DATA BASE ( )
OPS STACK( :
MENU
EXIT
STOP
*Sublevel executives
Image Input
This command will cause a transfer to the Image Input Executive.The Image Executive is provided as a means of reading data whichis stored in the arbitrary body coordinate (IMAGE Program) for-mat of reference 2. This data is read in and stored in the database geometry tree structure.
22
General Commands:
MENU - Provides a list of available commands at thecurrent language level.
EXIT - Returns control to the master level language.
Data Source Commands:
DATA BASE ( : : ) - The data resides in the data basein the card image form.
BCD FILE n The data is a file n and is formatted data.
BINARY FILE n The data is a file n and is unformattedor binary data.
Tree Structuring Commands: The IMAGE formatted data containsstatus codes of 0,1,2,3. All points are considered status 0except as follows:
Status 1 Beginning of a new section.
Status 2 Beginning of a component or subcomponent(synonymous in the GTM)
Status 3 End of a cluster of components.
The status flags are used when entering the data into the GTMdata base to position the data within the geometry structure.For each Status 3, or the beginning or a file of input, thefollowing command must be input:
[CLUSTERVEHICLEJ - -
This command will cause all subsequent data with status lessthan 3 be entered into the tree under the name : : . Foreach Status 2 encountered, the following command must be input:
[COMPONENT
This command will cause all subsequent data with Status 2 to bestored in the data base geometry tree structure under this name.
23
NOTE: For Status 1, the section names are set by default only.The default names are:
SECTION 1
SECTION 2
SECTION n
for each Status 1 encountered in the component.
Input
This command will cause a transfer to the free-field data andcan be used to enter data blocks and any type of information.The input block has the following requirements:
HEADER This statement gives the type of storage and thename under which the data is to be entered intothe data base.
END This statement signifies the end of the inputblock.
Types of Header Statements:
BCD INPUT (: :)
This header is used to store .the ca'rd image data inthe data base.
NUMERIC INPUT ( : : )
This header is used to enter numeric data into thedata base. The data is read in a free-field format.The values on the card must be separated by de-limiters, which can be either a space or a comma.Commas back to back specify null fields between them.
24
OPS STACK : -
This statement is used to input an OPS Stack to thedata base. An OPS Stack is an instruction string ofcommands which can be executed by using .the OPSSTACK command.
Input items can be read from other files using the READ FILE
n command. This will cause the read to transfer to the speci-fied file and continue with that file until the file isexhausted.
25
Cluster Edit
The Cluster Edit language subset contains instructions necessaryfor creating and maintaining the geometric data tree structure.Functions are also provided for translation, rotation, displayand scaling of tree stored data and output of the data in formsfor interfacing with other programs.
Edit Command Summary. -
CLUSTER]
BUILD COMPONENT : :SECTION
BUILD SEGMENT
CLUSTERACCESS COMPONENT : :
SECTIONSEGMENT
LOCATE COMPONENTSECTION
[CLUSTER ]INSERT |COMPONENT ( : )
SECTION ]
CLUSTER
DELETE [COMPONENT ( : : )SECTION
L USTER
REPLACE COMPONENT ( : :SECTION T
[CLUSTER
COPY | COMPONENSECTION
COPY [SEGMENT] (: :)
[CLUSTER
ADD COMPONENT ( : )SECTION
26ORIGINAL PAGE IJOF POOR QUAL TW
Output Command Summary. -
IST CLUSTER
L i COMPONENT ( : -SECTION
TREE LIST ( :
LIST AVAILABLE CLUSTERS
COPY BINARY ( : : )
COPY BCD ( : :
Transformation Command Summary. -
Rotation
PSILYAW -
S[THETAPITCHJ --[PHI[ROLL] --
[ RCEN1ROTATION CENTERJ ' ,__
RUECOTATION VECTOR] ' '[ ROT ]ROTATE
Scaling
MAG =
XMAG =
YMAG =
ZMAG =[ MAGC[VMAGNIFICATION CENTER] =
[SCALE
Qu27
Display Command Summary. -
DISPLAY : :
DISPLAY + : :
DISPLAY -
REFRESH
AFILT =
RFILT =
PSI =
PHI =
SYM
NOSYM
SCALE =
ZOOM =
Translation
XMOVE =
YMOVE =
ZMOVE =
MOVE
Bounding Commands
START : :
STOP
Register Commands
[BUILDZERO lACCESS
LLOCATE_
ACCESS [BUILDILOCATEJ
BUILD [ACCESSLLOCATEJ
28 LOCATE .CCBUIIBUILD
Miscellaneous Commands
MENU
OMIT
EXIT
Edit Commands. Addressing a tree structure requires the
maintenance of a list of data pointers, one for each level
of the tree. These lists are called registers. Three
registers are maintained in the GTM, a build, an accessand a locate register. The build register is constructed
by the GTM when the geometry is initially stored. Thebuild register can be thought of as the output register.
For instance, data is copied from the access register to
t-he build register. The access register is used when a
geometric manipulation is performed. The access register
can be thought of as the input register, although manycommands affect the data in this register. The locate
register is a temporary register used when data is beingtransferred or modified. The locate register is not saved
from command to command. It is zeroed after each use.
It is used as a working register by other executivefunctions so it must be reestablished implicitly (by the
program) or explicitly (by the user) prior to its use.The edit commands are used to initially establish the
register as well as to maintain the actual data referenced
by these registers.
The register contents are used to control the limits of
action of such statements as copy, move-and rotate. There
is an entry in the register for each tree level. The
specified action such as exemplified above begins sequen-tially at the first significant (non-zero) entry, and
proceeds for all data below that level. Thus, if onlythe cluster entry is non-zero, the specified action will
take place on the entire cluster. If a component is
specified, the action will apply to that component only.If a section is specified, the action will apply only to
that section.
The edit commands must proceed in a hierarchical manner.
A cluster must be referenced before a component, and a
component must be referenced before a section.
LUSTERBUILD COMPONENT :
SECTION 2
29
This command provides for the creation of a new entry at
the level where it is applied. If an entry by the same
name already exists at this level, the older entry willbe destroyed and new entry will replace it. This command
can be used only for the creations of new entries (see
REPLACE). The BUILD command is used to maintain the
BUILD register.
BUILD SEGMENT : :
This command, although similar to the preceding commands,.is not a tree structure command because it is manipulating
geometry at the lowest level data structures (the segment).
The command will cause a new title to be defined in thedata base in preparation for the receipt of a data block
representing a sequence of X,Y,Z coordinates. SEGMENTEDIT Commands which follow will perform the actual datastructuring.
CLUSTERACCESS COMPONENT :
SECTIONSEGMENT
This command is used as a prelude to the manipulation of
geometry within a tree structure. It establishes asequence of pointers called the access register whichidentifies the geometry to be manipulated.
The ACCESS Command actually provides for the redefinitionof the contents of the ACCESS Register. This registercontains information which determines data to be copied.For example, the register determines the insertion
position and the replacement position for INSERT andREPLACE Commands. The contents of this register also con-trols the data to which transformations are applied.
[CLUSTERLOCATE COMPONENT]
SECTION J
This command is used as a prelude to the use of dataassociated with the locate name. For example, to copyor insert data from one tree structure, one would use theLOCATE Command prior to the COPY Command.
This command actually maintains the Locate Register whichis essentially a temporary set of pointers for the purposeof buffering data into a tree structure controlled by theAccess Register. It is used primarily by the INSERT andREPLACE Commands. If the item to be transferred using
30
an INSERT or REPLACE Command is itself a resident of a
tree, the LOCATE Commands must be used to define thedata prior to the command execution.
[CLUSTER
INSERT COMPONENT ( : : )SECTION
This command will cause a new cluster component, orsection to be inserted into a.geometric data tree structure.The position of the insertion is defined by the Access
Register and will be the position in front of the positionspecified by the access.
NOTE: If the data to be inserted is part of the tree,the named ( ) title field must be replacedby a proper series of LOCATE Commands.
[LUSTERDELETE [COMPONENT] ( : : )
[SECTION
This command will cause the specified item to be deletedfrom the tree. The Controlling Register is the AccessRegister. If the name ( ) title field is omitted,the item deleted will be the item at the level specifiedand defined in the Access Register.
[CLUSTER
REPLACE COMPONENT] ( : :
SECTION
This command will cause one item to be replaced by another.If the new item is resident in another tree structure, thenamed ( : : ) field must be preceded by an appropriateseries of LOCATE commands.
LUSTERCOPY [COMPONENT ( : :
SECTION
This command will cause the specified data to be physically
copied from its current data source into the tree structurespecified by the BUILD Command. If a BUILD Command wasexecuted prior to the COPY Command, the highest level copiedwill have its title changed to the title given on the BUILDCommand. All other titles will remain unchanged. If BUILDCommand was not given, all titles remain unchanged.
COPY SEGMENT ( : : )
31
This command can be used to copy segments into a tree
structure as sections. The title of the section must be
specified by a BUILD SECTION Command. Several segmentscan be copied into a single section by executing more than
one COPY SEGMENT Command before executing a BUILD SECTIONCommand.
Segments may be copied into segments by executing a BUILD
SEGMENT Command prior to the COPY SEGMENT Command.
The SEGMENT EDIT sub-language executes transformations which
can not be performed on tree structured data. Data stored
in the tree structure must be copied to segments before
the Segment Edit functions can be per-ormed. This is done
by first executing a BUILD SEGMENT Command and then execut-
ing a COPY SECTION Command, and repeating for each section
for which Segment Edit functions are desired.
CLUSTERADD COMPONENT ( : :
SECTIONISEGMENT
This command is equivalent to a COPY CommLand except the
data is not physically copied. Only pointers are trans-
ferred so that the proper tree linkages are established.
If the ( : : ) title field is omitted, the current
Access Register is used to control the command. Titles
of components and sections can not be changed by usingthe BUILD Command prior to an ADD Command; this wouldresult in an error.
Output Commands
CLUSTERLIST COMPONENT ( : : )
SECTIONSEGMENT
This command will cause the contents of the specified treelevel, or item, to be listed. Thus, LIST VEHICLE providesa list of all components in a vehicle. LIST COMPONENTprovides a list of all sections in the component. LISTSECTION or LIST SEGMENT provides a listing of all pointsin the section or segment.
TREE LIST (: :
32
This command will cause the entire tree structure of the
specified vehicle to be listed.
LIST AVAILABLE CLUSTERS
This command will cause a listing of the vehicles availablein the data base to be listed.
COPY BINARY ( : )
COPY BCD ( : _
These commands will cause the specified vehicle to be out-
put in the IMAGE format of reference 1. The first command
causes a binary file to be written. The second commandcauses a BCD file to be written.
If less than a full cluster is desired, the ( : : )field must be omitted and the output item established bythe appropriate ACCESS Commands. START and STOP apply tothis command.
Transformation Commands. - These commands use the right hand
coordinate system with x position forward.
Rotation Parameters:
PSi]YAW --
This is the yaw angle in degrees desired for this rotation.
[THETAI[PITCH] -
This is the pitch angle in degrees desired for this rota-tion.
[PHI 1ROLL --
This is the roll angle in degrees desired for this rotation.
RCEN ]ROTATION CENTER ' '
33
These are the X,Y,Z coordinates of the center of rotation.
[ RVECROTATION VECTOR ' '
This is an alternate way of inputting the rotation angles.In this case, it is a rotation vector with I,J,K input.This does not need to be a unit vector.
[T ROT
[ROTATION COMMAND
This command will cause the specified item to be rotated.The data to be transformed must have been established byan appropriate set of ACCESS Commands. The desired rota-tion parameters must have been established before thiscommand is issued. The default parameters for all para-meters are zero. The values established are saved andneed not be changed for subsequent and identical rotations.
Scaling Parameters: - The parameter commands are:
MAG =
This command causes the X,Y,Z scale factors to be set tothe same value.
XMAG =
This command sets the X scale factor.
YMAG =
This command sets the Y scale factor.
ZMAG =
This command sets the Z scale factor.
MAGC ENTERS][MAGNIFICATION CENTERS
The scaling equations used are:
XOUT = (XIN - XC) *XMAG + XC
YOUT = (YIN - YC) *YMAG + YC
ZOUT = (ZIN - YC) *ZMAG + ZC
34
This allows the scaling or magnification to take placeabout a specific point. The center of magnification(XC, YC, ZC) is input by this command.
SC
SCALING COMAND]
This command causes the specified scaling to be executed.The item to be scaled must have been established by apreceding set of appropriate ACCESS Commands.
NOTE: The default values for scale factors are 1.0, 1.0,1.0 and 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 for the magnification center.
Translation Parameters.
XMOVE =
The X translation distance.
YMOVE =
The Y translation distance.
ZMOVE =
The Z translation distance.
[ MOVE
TRANSLATION COMMAND
This command will cause the translation to occur. Theitem to be translated must have been established by apreceding set of appropriate ACCESS Commands.
NOTE: The default translation values are 0,0,0.
Bounding Commands.
START :
STOP
These commands allow a Start and Stop position to bespecified for a given operation. If the item beingoperated on is a cluster, these can be component names.If the item being operated on is a component, these canbe section names.
The operation specified included the start position, thestop position and all items between.
35
The Start and Stop Registers are nulled after each use.
These commands can be used prior to the following commandsto identify geometry to be manipulated.
COPY
LIST
COPY BINARY
COPY BCD
ALL TRANSFORMATIONS
Register Commands.
[BUILDZERO ACCESS
LLOCATEJ
This command causes the specified register to be set toZero.
BUILD [BUILDACCESS = ACCESSLOCATE LLOCATE
These commands allow the contents of one register to betransferred to the other specified register.
Miscellaneous Commands.
MENU - List a menu of the available commands.
OMIT - Exit the section.
EXIT - Return to the next highest language.
36
Segment Edit
A segment is a sequence of X,Y,Z coordinates in three dimensional
space. They are distinguished from sections in that they arenot part of a data tree structure as in the case of the section.Each segment is resident in the data base under its own uniquetitle. Therefore, any transformation can be executed on thedata including transformations which increase or decrease thenumber of data points. The number of data points must remainthe same for point level data in the geometric data tree struc-ture.
Point Edit Commands. - The Point Edit Commands are those which
apply to a single point of data. Since the definition of theinternal data is the ordered set of coordinate points, each data
point has 3 values and has an implied point number correspondingto the order in which it was placed in the data base. This
point number is used to establish the action position for future
point edit commands. The Point Edit Commands are:
* P = n
POINT] n
FINEJ (X,Y,Z)
PLACD (X,Y,Z)
[INSERT] (X Y,)
DELETE(XYZ)
DEFDEFINE]
A (X,Y,Z)
[PONT = n: This command defines a point number where some
subsequent action may be performed on a segment. It is referredto as the action position within the segment.
FIND (XYZ): This command will locate the action position
or point number of the point in the segment nearest the specified
37
Each action command has an optional title field associated withit. Each action requires two titles; the title of the segmentto process and the title under which to store the processedsegment.
The title of the segment to process is either the input titleor the title of the last segment output, or the title of thelast segment accessed, in that order.
The only way to specify an output title different from the inputtitle is to use the BUILD Command. This command will set theoutput title. Immediately after execution of an action, the in-put title is reset to the output title, so that this title thenbecomes the default title.
Limit Definitions: The commands are:
START X,Y,Z
STOP X,Y,Z
NSTART = n
NSTOP = n
These commands determine the limits between which a given trans-formation is to take place. START and STOP use FIND to determineNSTART and NSTOP, the first and last point numbers.
Translation: The commands are:
XMOVE =
YMOVE =
ZMOVE =
MOVE ( :
XMOVE, YMOVE and ZMOVE set up the translation distances. Thedefault values are zero. The command MOVE causes the actualtranslation to take place.
Scaling: The commands are:
XMAG =
38
YMAG =
ZMAG =
MAG =
[MAGC 1=XMANIFICATION CENTER] = XC' C
SCALE] '
XMAG, YMAG and ZMAG are the magnification factors applied
during the scaling operations. MAG sets all of the magnifica-tion factors to the same value. The default magnificationvalues are 1.0. The transformation equations are:
XT = (XI-X)*XMAG + XC
Y = (YI-Yc)*YMAG + YC
ZT = (YI-YC)*ZMAG + ZC
The Command MAGNIFICATION CENTER = XC,YC,ZC establishes the
values as XCYCZC. The default values are zero. The Command
SCALE causes transformation to be executed.
Rotation: The ROTATIONS Commands are:
rYAWP] (Degrees)
[THETA = (Degrees)
[PITCH -
ROLLJ (Degrees)ROLL-
[ RCENROTATION CENTER XC'YC'ZC
SROTROTATE
YAW, PITCH and ROLL establish the rotation angles of the trans-formation. The default values are zero. ROTATION CENTER
39
establishes the center of rotation of the transformation. The
Command ROTATE causes the transformation to be executed.
Cutting a Segment with a Plane:
Plane Definition: The Plane may be defined and used in the
rotation command. In this case RCEN is a point on the Plane,and PSI, THETA and PHI are angles describing the directionof the normal.
PLANE = XC,YC,ZC,PSI,THETA, PHI: This is an one-line
command setting all the values described above.
XCUT = : This assumes a YZ Plane passing through the
specified X with a direction of positive X.-
YCUT = : This assumes a XZ Plane passing through the
given Y value in the direction of positive Y.
ZCUT = : This assumes a XY Plane passing through the
given Z with a direction of positive Z.
PCUT ( : : ): This command will cause all of the pointsin the direction of the positive normal, plus all planeintersections to be output.
MCUT ( : : ): This command will cause all of the pointsin the direction of the negative normal, plus the planeintersections to be output.
Point Redistribution: The commands are:
NSEG =
EQLEN ( : : )
These commands will cause the segment to be redistributed such
that the arc length of the line described by this space isdivided into NSEG equal positions. This means that NSEG + 1
points are output to describe this point redefinition.
Data Acquisition: Four CLUSTER EDIT Commands are included to
allow the user access to tree stored section data. These com-mands are:
*ACCESS CLUSTER : :
*ACCESS COMPONENT :
40
point such that (XS-XF) + (Y-YF + (ZsZF) 2 is a minimum.
In some cases there will be multiple points of the same value.For example, a cross section closing on itself will haveidentical first and last points. This situation is handled bythe use of additional calls to FIND. If FIND already has beencalled, then the search for the point begins at the next pointafter the one found by the previous command.
REPLACE (X,Y,Z): This command will cause the point speci-fied by action position to be.replaced by the given X,Y,Z values.If omitted, the point specified by the DEFINE Command will beused.
INSERT (X,Y,Z): This command will cause the given X,Y,Zvalues to be inserted in front of the action position. If X,Y,Z is omitted, the point specified by the DEFINE Command will beused.
DELETE (X,Y,Z): This command will cause the X,Y,Z inputpoint to be deleted, and if omitted, the point specified by theaction position will be deleted.
NOTE: If the X,Y,Z is input, a procedure similar to FIND isused to determine the point to be deleted.
DEFDEFINE (XYZ): This command can be used in place of the
X,Y,Z inputs in all of the point commands except POINT andDELETE.
[AD(XYZ): This command will cause the input X,Y,Zvalues to be added to the end of a segment. If X,Y,Z is omitted,the point defined by the DEFINE Command will be used.
NOTE: The values determined by POINT and FIND are zeroed aftereach use. They are not maintained.
Segment Level Commands. - Segment level commands are thosewhich apply or transtorm to an entire segment. The commandsfall into two groups - informational and action.
41
*ACCESS SECTION :
*COPY SECTION ( : )
.These commands will allow the user to construct segments from
existing sections. See the CLUSTER EDIT Commands for a com-
plete description.
ACCESS ( : ): This command will access a stored segment.The title of this segment is established as the input or activetitle.
Segment Creation:
BUILD ( : ): This command will cause a new segmentto be built. It establishes the output title for any trans-formation for the ADD X,Y,Z Command the the COPY Command.
COPY ( : : ): This command will cause the data storedunder the specified title to be copied to the titlespecified by the BUILD Command.
Data Display:
LIST] This command will cause a listing of
the specified segment to be printed.
Miscellaneous Commands:
MENU
OMIT
EXIT
These are the general utility commands and have the same meaning.as described in CLUSTER EDIT.
Program Output
Since the GTM program is basically a geometry manipulation tooland highly interactive, program output essentially remains trans-parent to the user. They are, however, two types of output whichare applicable. The first is those which can be classified asgeometric analysis outputs. The second is formatted geometry.
Geometric analysis output includes mass properties evaluations,program response to user input, geometric displays and geometricparameters. The formatted geometry output.is the cornerpointgeometry sets used by other technology modules.
42
SPECIAL USER INSTRUCTIONS
The GTM operates upon a data base of stored information which
is manipulated by a language structure which is the primarymeans for the user to input to the program. These languageelements are stored in the data base as character strings aswell as the menus which provide the user with a summary ofcommands for the particular language set during execution.
To become well versed in the language and subsequent capabilities
that can be obtained in GTM, the user must first become acquaint-
ed with the most commonly used functions of the GTM. Once he
becomes familiar with these common functions, he will be able
to graduate to the higher level functions.
To provide guidance in the use of the GTM, a set of instructions
are provided to familiarize the user in the commonly usedfunctions. In addition, a training aid in the form of a summaryof GTM commands, command options and descriptions is provided
in Appendix A. Sample cases are also given in Appendixes C and
D.
How to Execute GTM
Operating under the Exec 8 system, the following sequence of
commands will provide access to GTM:
COMMAND DESCRIPTION
@RUN ID,ACCT.NO., ORGANIZATION Exec 8 Run Card
@ASG,T 1.,F111500 Assigns temporary file 1 forthe data base.
@COPY DATA5.,1. Copies the data base on fileDATA5 to temporary file 1. SeeAppendix B for the current con-tents of the GTM DATA BASE.
@XQT GTM2.GTM Executes GTM, the program willnow require user input.
How to Call a Menu
SAMPLE CASE 1; A menu of available commands may be obtained
at any time by commanding the following:
43
COMMAND DESCRIPTION
MENU A menu of available commands forthe particular language set willbe generated.
How to Access Stored Geometry
SAMPLE CASE 2:
COMMAND DESCRIPTION
ACCESS CLUSTER SO147B Will access the cluster namedS0147B.
ACCESS COMPONENT WING Will access the component namedWing of Cluster SO147B.
ACCESS SECTION SECTION 2 Will access the second sectionof component Wing of ClusterSO147B.
How to Input Externally Generated Gentry Geometry
SAMPLE CASE 3:
COMMAND DESCRIPTION
INPUT Will provide access to the inputmodule.
GENTRY GEOMETRY Specifies the format.
BCD FILE n Specifies the file in which theexternal geometry is stored on.
NAME1NAME2 User specifies geometry name, e.
g., RED1, WHITE2, BLUE3.
NAMEn
EXIT Provides exit to master module.
How to Output Geometry
SAMPLE CASE 4:
COMMAND DESCRIPTION
CLUSTER EDIT Provides access to cluster editmodule.
44
SAMPLE CASE 4 (Continued)
COMMAND DESCRIPTION
IMAGE OUTPUT SO147B Will output the SO147B geometryin Gentry format to File 3.
How to Rotate Geometry
SAMPLE CASE 5:
COMMAND DESCRIPTION
CLUSTER EDIT Provides access to cluster editmodule.
PITCH=40. Specifies pitch angle of 40 deg.
YAW=-10.1 Specifies yaw angle of -10.1degrees.
ROLL=.05 Specifies roll angle of .05 deg.
ACCESS CLUSTER SO147B Access S0147B geometry.
ROT Commands the rotation on theSO147B geometry.
How to Translate Geometry
SAMPLE CASE 6:
COMMAND DESCRIPTION
CLUSTER EDIT Provides access to the clusteredit module.
XMOVE=10. Specifies a X-translation of 10inches.
YMOVE=-1500. Specifies a Y-translation of -1500inches.
ZMOVE=.001 Specifies a Z-translation of .001inches.
ACCESS CLUSTER SO147B Provides access to SO147B geometry.
ACCESS COMPONENT WING Provides access to SO147B wing(only) geometry.
MOVE Commands the move.
45
How to Display Geometry
SAMPLE CASE 7:
COMMAND DESCRIPTION
DISPLAY SO147B Specifies the display of SO147Bgeometry.
CONCLUDING REMARKS
The GTM has advanced to the state where geometry can be storedby name at several hierarchical levels in a tree structure.Editing of the data can be performed at all levels of datadefinition. The program contains most of the basic utilitieswhich permit the development of user oriented manipulation ofgeometry and critical manipulation functions, such as scaling,rotation and translation has been programmed. The program isdesigned to be used in the demand or batch mode. Input isbased on an easily expandable language structure,input to theprogram. Additional user capability and utility functions canbe added. The characteristics and capabilities of the GTMenable an engineer to:
1. Generate interior and exterior configuration geometryby inputting data from a remote terminal through key-board input and selection from a data base of storedthree dimensional geometrical shapes and standardsection data.
2. Perturb configuration geometry by scaling, translation,rotation and mathematical mapping of component geometry.
3. Perturb the configuration by specifying mathematicalsurface fit functions.
4. Analyze the interior arrangement of geometric compon-ents with respect to each other and with respect tothe external configuration to avoid volumetric con-flict and violation of exterior lines of the vehicle.
5. Select components for the purpose of displaying threedimensional internal and external geometry.
46
6. Select components for the purpose of mass propertiesevaluation including weight, volume and center ofgravity calculatiions.
7. Generate the required geometric interface data to beinput into the data base which would be consistent withgeometry data required for sizing, aerodynamics analysispackaging, weight and balance and structural analysis.
The GTM is a demand or batch program with standard Tektronix4012 interface. The GTM will be easily adaptable to the inter-active hardware and software systems anticipated in late 1975.
47
REFERENCES
1. Glatt, C. R., Hague, D. S., Watson, D. A.: ODINEX: AnExecutive Computer Program for Linking IndependentPrograms. Aerophysics Research Corporation. JTN-01.1973.
2. Glatt, C. R.: IMAGE: A Computer Code for GeneratingPicture-Like Images of Aerospace Vehicles. Aero-physics Research Croporation. LTN-1l. 1973.
3. Glatt, C. R. and Colquitt, W. N.: The DLG Processor - AData Management Executive for the Engineering DesignIntegration (EDIN) System. Aerophysics ResearchCorporation. Technical Note JTN-10. 1974.
4. Glatt, C. R., Hirsch, G. N., Alford, G. E., Colquitt, W. N.and Reiners, S. J.: The Engineering Design Integra-tion (EDIN) System. Aerophysics Research Corporation.Technical Note JTN-11. 1974.
48
APPENDIX AGTM COMMAND AND FUNCTION SUMMARY
MASTER MODULE MENU INDEX
The GTM Master Module Menu Index is a comprehensive list ofavailable functions within the module. The Master Module isthe point from which all submodules within the GTM can beaccessed. In addition, it contains several commands whichperform specific operations for data base and internal programmanagement.
The following describes the functions and commands availablewithin the master module:
Primary Command: IMAGE INPUTOptional Command: GENTRY INPUTDescription: A user entry of "IMAGE INPUT" will
access the image input module and itsassociated functions.
Primary Command: CLUSTER EDITOptional Command: SECTION EDITDescription: A user entry of "CLUSTER EDIT" will
access the CLUSTER Edit Module and itsassociated functions.
Primary Command: SEGMENT EDITOptional Command: NADescription: A user entry of "SEGMENT EDIT" will
access the segment edit module and itsassociated functions.
Primary Command: INPUTOptional Command: NADescription: A user entry of "INPUT" will access the
input module and its associated functions.
Primary Command: CALCULOptional Command: NADescription: A user entry of "CALCUL" will access
the calculator module and its assoc-iated functions.
Primary Command: MENUOptional Command: NADescription: A user entry of "MENU" will generate a
listing of the available commands andfunctions of the master module.
49
Primary Command: STOPOptional Command: NADescription: A user entry of "STOP" will terminate
all GTM activity.
Primary Command: SAVE DATA BASEOptional Command: NADescription: A user entry of "SAVE DATA BASE" will
store and save all geometry files inthe GTM data base for the currentexecution.
Primary Command: OPS STACK name:name:name:Optional Command: NADescription: A user entry of "OPS STACK name:name:
name, will access the operations stackstored in the GTM data base under thespecified name:name:name, and performthe commands or functions associatedwithin it.
Primary Command: EXTERNAL cc=name:name:name OS=name:name:name
Optional Command: NADescription: A user entry of "EXTERNAL cc= n : n
n OS= n : n : n " transfers controlfrom the GTM to an external controlcard stack in the data base. When GTMis reentered, the control stack speci-fied by OS= n : n : n will be executed.
Primary Command: MIMICOptional Command: NADescription: This command is mainly used in conjunc-
tion with "canned" operations. A userentry of "MIMIC" will display the userinput for each computer inquiry.
Primary Command: HUSHOptional Command: NADescription: A user entry of "HUSH" will negate
the MIMIC command and disallow the dis-play of user inputs to computer inquiries.This command is mainly used in conjunc-tion with "canned" operations.
50
IMAGE INPUT MODULE LANGUAGE INDEX
The basic function of this module allows the user to select andcommand an input, in Gentry format, to be loaded from the database and/or a specified unit. The data to be loaded can bespecified in either BCD (alpha numeric) or binary (numeric) Gen-try formt.
The following describes the functions and commands availablewithin the IMAGE INPUT MODULE.
Primary Command: DATA BASE name:name:nameOptional Command: NADescription: A user entry of "DATA BASE name:name:
name" will load from the data basethe Gentry file under the specifiedname: name: name.
Primary Command: BINARY FILE UNITOptional Command: NADescription: In response to a computer inquiry for
the unit to be read, a user entry of"BINARY FILE UNIT" will specify thenamed binary file to be read.
Primary Command: BCD FILE UNITOptional Command: NADescription: In response to a computer inquiry for
the unit to be read, a user entry of"BCD FILE UNIT" will specify the namedBCD file to be read..
Primary Command: MENUOptional Command: NADescription: A user entry of "MENU" will generate a
listing of the available commands andfunctions of the Gentry input module.
Primary Command: EXITOptional Command: FINISHED
INPUT COMPLETEINPUT COMPLETED
Description: A user entry of "EXIT" or any of itsoptions will cause an exit from theGentry module to the master module.
51
Primary Command: CLUSTER name: name: nameOptional Command: CLUSTER NAME - name: name: name
CL name: name: nameDescription: A user entry of "CLUSTER name: name:
name" in response to a GTM inquiry fora cluster name will assign the inputname: name: name to the geometry.
Primary Command: COMPONENT name: name: nameOptional Command: COMPONENT NAME name: name: name
COM name: name: nameDescription: A user entry of "COMPONENT name: name:
name" in response to a GTM inquiry fora component name will assign the inputname: name: name to the geometry.
Primary Command: DEFAULTOptional Command: CL DEFAULT
CLUSTER DEFAULTDescription: A user entry of "DEFAULT" in response
to a computer inquiry for a vehiclename will assign default names for thevehicle and its components. The de-fault names are CLUSTER1, CLUSTER2..... CLUSTERn.
52
CLUSTER EDIT MODULE MENU INDEX
The Cluster Edit Module allows a user to manipulate and displaygeometry at the cluster/component level. The basic functionsof the module include geometric rotations and translations,cluster section editing and display. In addition, severaloptions such as the calculation of volume and mass propertiesare provided by this module.
The following figure illustrates the basic menu structure ofthe Cluster Edit Module:
CLUSTER
EDIT
MODULE
GENERAL
MENU
EDIT ACCESS COPY I GEOMETRIC DISPLAY:MANIPULATION.
MENU MENU MENUMENU
The following describe the functions and commands associatedwith the general MENU:
Primary Command: MENUOptional Command: NADescription: A user entry of "MENU" will provide a
listing of the commands and functionsof the cluster edit module.
Primary Command: OMITOptional Command: NADescription: A user entry of "OMIT" will exit the
cluster edit module to the mastermodule.
53
Primary Command: MENU EDITOptional Command: NADescription: A user entry of "MENU EDIT" will pro-
vide a listing of the EDIT MENU.
Primary Command: MENU ACCESSOptional Command: NADescription: A user entry of "MENU ACCESS" will pro-
vide a listing of the ACCESS MENU.
.Primary Command: MENU COPYOptional Command: NADescription: A user entry of "MENU COPY" will pro-
vide a listing of the COPY MENU.
Primary Command: MENU GEOMETRIC MANIPULATIONOptional Command: NADescription: A user entry of "MENU GEOMETRIC MANI-
PULATION" will generate a listing ofthe MANIPULATION MENU.
Primary Command: MENU DISPLAYOptional Command: NADescription: A user entry of "MENU DISPLAY" will
generate a listing of the MENU DISPLAY.
Primary Command: EXITOptional Command: NADescription: A user entry of "EXIT" will terminate
cluster edit activity and return to themaster module.
The following describes the functions and commands associatedwith the EDIT MENU.
Primary Command: BUILD CLUSTER name: name: nameOptional Command: BCL name: name: nameDescription: A user entry of "BUILD CLUSTER name:
name: name" will create a cluster withthe specified name.
Primary Command: BUILD COMPONENT name: name: nameOptional Command: B COML name: name: nameDescription: A user entry of "BUILD COMPONENT name:
name: name" will create a componentwith the specified name.
54
Primary Command: BUILD SECTION name: name: nameOptional Command: B SEC name: name: nameDescription: A user entry of "BUILD SECTION name:
name: name" will create a sectionwith the specified name.
Primary Command: BUILD SEGMENT name: name: nameOptional Command: B SEG name: name: nameDescription: A user entry of "BUILD SEGMENT name:
name: name" will create a segmentwith the specified name.
Primary Command: INSERT CLUSTER name: name: nameOptional Command: I CL name: name: nameDescription: A user entry of "INSERT CLUSTER name:
name: name" will insert the namedcluster in the currently accessedcluster.
Primary Command: INSERT SECTION name: name: nameOptional Command: I SEC name: name: nameDescription: A user entry of "INSERT SECTION name:
name: name" will insert the namedsection ahead of the currently accessedsection.
Primary Command: INSERT SEGMENT name: name: nameOptional Command: I SEG name: name: nameDescription: A user entry of "INSERT SEGMENT name:
name: name" will insert the namedsegment ahead of the currently accessedsegment.
Primary Command: INSERT COMPONENT name: name: nameOptional Command: I COM name: name: nameDescription: A user entry of "INSERT COMPONENT name:
name: name" will insert the named com-ponent ahead of the currently accessedcomponent.
Primary Command: REPLACE SEGMENT name: name: nameOptional Command: R SEG name: name: nameDescription: A user entry of "REPLACE SEGMENT name:
name: name" will replace the currentlyaccessed segment with the specifiedname.
55
Primary Command: REPLACE COMPONENT name: name: nameOptional Command: R COM name: name: nameDescription: A user entry of "REPLACE COMPONENT
name: name: name" will replace thecurrently accessed component with thespecified name.
Primary Command: REPLACE CLUSTER name: name: nameOptional Command: R CL name: name: nameDescription: A user entry of "REPLACE CLUSTER name:
name: name" will replace the currentlyspecified cluster with the specifiedname.
Primary Command: REPLACE SECTION name: name: nameOptional Command: R SEC name: name: nameDescription: A user entry of "REPLACE SECTION name:
name: name" will replace the currentlyaccessed section with the specifiedname.
Primary Command: DELETE SEGMENT name: name: nameOptional Command: D SEG name: name: nameDescription: A user entry of "DELETE SEGMENT name:
name: name" will delete the namedsegment from the currently accessedsection.
Primary Command: DELETE SECTION name: name: nameOptional Command: D SEC name: name: nameDescription: A user entry of "DELETE SECTION name:
name: name" will delete the namedsection from the currently accessedcomponent.
Primary Command: DELETE COMPONENT name: name: nameOptional Command: D COM name: name: nameDescription: A user entry of "DELETE COMPONENT name:
name: name" will delete the named com-ponent from the currently accessedcluster.
Primary Command: DELETE CLUSTER name: name: nameOptional Command: D CL name: name: nameDescription: A user entry of "DELETE CLUSTER name:
name: name" will delete the namedcluster from the list of availableclusters.
56
Primary Command: TREELIST name: name: nameOptional Command: TL name: name: nameDescription: A user entry of "TREELIST name: name:
name" will provide a listing of thenamed cluster components and sections.
Primary Command: LIST AVAILABLE name: name: nameOptional Command: LACLDescription: A user entry of "LACL" will provide a
listing of the available data baseclusters.
Primary Command: LIST CLUSTER name: name:-nameOptional Command: L CL name: name: nameDescription: A user entry of "LIST CLUSTER name:
name: name" will.provide a listing ofthe components and sections within thenamed cluster.
Primary Command: LIST COMPONENT name: name: nameOptional Command: L COM name: name: nameDescription: A user entry of "LIST COMPONENT name:
name: name" will provide a listing ofthe sections within the named component.
Primary Command: LIST SECTION name: name: nameOptional Command: L SEC name: name: nameDescription: A user entry of "LIST SECTION name:
name: name" will generate a listingof the segments within the accessedsection.
Primary Command: LIST SEGMENT name: name: nameOptional Command: L SEG name: name: nameDescription: A user entry of "LIST SEGMENT name:
name: name" will generate a listingof the named segment data.
The following describes the functions and commands associatedwith the ACCESS MENU:
Primary Command: ACCESS CLUSTER name: name: nameOptional Command: AC CL name: name: nameDescription: A user entry of "ACCESS CLUSTER name:
name: name" will access the namedcluster geometry from the data base.
57
Primary Command: ACCESS COMPONENT name: name: nameOptional Command: AC COM name: name: nameDescription: A user entry of "ACCESS COMPONENT name:
name: name" will access the named com-ponent geometry from the data base.
Primary Command: START X : Y : ZOptional Command: NADescription: A user entry of "START X : Y : Z
initializes a X, Y and Z start pointin the geometry. This command ismainly used in conjunction with scal-
o_ ing and editing function of the module.
Primary Command: STOP X : Y : ZOptional Command: NADescription: A user entry of "STOP X : Y : Z
initializes a X, Y and Z stop point inthe geometry. This command is mainlyused in conjunction with scaling andediting functions of the module.
Primary Command: LOCATE COMPONENT name: name: nameOptional Command: LOC COM name: name: nameDescription: A user entry of L-OCATE COMPONENT
name: name: name" will access thenamed component geometry and storeit in the locate register.
Primary Command: LOCATE CLUSTER name: name: nameOptional Command: LOC CL name: name: nameDescription: A user entry of "LOCATE CLUSTER name:
name: name" will access the namedCLUSTER geometry and store it in thelocate register.
Primary Command: ACCESS=LOCATEOptional Command: A LOCDescription: A user entry of "ACCESS=LOCATE" sets
the Access register equal to the LOCATEregister.
Primary Command: ACCESS SECTION name:name :nameOptional Command: AC SEC name: name: nameDescription: A user entry of "ACCESS SECTION name:
name: name" will access the namedsection geometry from the data base.
58
Primary Command: ACCESS SEGMENT name: name: name
Optional Command: AC SEG name: name: nameDescription: A user entry of ACCESS SEGMENT name:
name: name" will access the named seg-ment geometry from the data base.
Primary Command: LOCATE SEGMENT name: name: nameOptional Command: LOC SEG name: name: nameDescription: A user entry of "LOCATE SEGMENT name:
name: name" will access the namedsegment geometry and store it in thelocate register.
Primary Command: LOCATE SECTION name: name: name
Optional Command: LOC SEC name: name: nameDescription: A user entry of "LOCATE SECTION name:
name: name" will access the namedsection geometry and store it in thelocate register.
Primary Command: LOCATE=ACCESSOptional Command: LOC=ADescription: A user entry of "LOCATE=ACCESS" will
set the locate register equal to theaccess register.
Primary Command: ZERO LOCATEOptional Command: ZERO LOCDescription: A user entry of "ZERO LOCATE" will
clear the locate register.
Primary Command: ZERO ACCESSOptional Command: ZERO ACDescription: A user entry of "ZERO ACCESS" will
clear the access register.
The following describes the functions and commands associatedwith the COPY MENU:
Primary Command: START X : Y : ZOptional Command: NADescription: A user entry of "START X : Y : Z
specifies a start point at the namedX,Y,Z position.
Primary Command: STOP X : Y : ZOptional Command: NADescription: A user entry of "STOP X : Y : Z
specifies a stop point at the namedX,Y,Z position.
59
Primary Command: COPY CLUSTER name: name: nameOptional Command: C CL name: name: nameDescription: A user entry of "COPY CLUSTER name:
name: name" will copy the componentand sections of the accessed CLUSTERto the specified name.
Primary Command: COPY COMPONENT name: name: nameOptional Command: C COM name: name: nameDescription: A user entry of "COPY COMPONENT name :
name: name" will copy the sections ofthe accessed component to the specifiedcomponent name.
Primary Command: COPY SECTION name:-name: nameOptional Command: C SEC name: name: nameDescription: A user entry of "COPY SECTION name:
name: name" will copy the segments ofthe accessed section to the named section.
Primary Command: COPY SEGMENT name: name: nameOptional Command: C SEG name: name: nameDescription: A user entry of "COPY SEGMENT name:
name: name" will copy the accessedsegments to the named segment.
Primary Command: ADD SECTION name: name: nameOptional Command: A SEC name: name: nameDescription: A user entry of "ADD SECTION name:
name: name" will copy the accesseddata pointer to the named component.
Primary Command: ADD SEGMENT name: name: nameOptional Command: A SEG name: name: nameDescription: A user entry of "ADD SEGMENT: name:
name: name" will copy the accesseddata pointer to the named section.
Primary Command: ADD COMPONENT name: name: nameOptional Command: A COM name: name: nameDescription: A user entry of "ADD COMPONENT name:
name: name" will copy the accesseddata pointer to the named cluster.
Primary Command: ADD CLUSTER name: name: nameOptional Command: A CL name: name: nameDescription: A user entry of "ADD CLUSTER name:
name: name" will copy all accessedcomponent pointers to the named cluster.
60
Primary Command: IMAGE OUTPUT name: name: nameOptional Command: IMO name: name: nameDescription: A user entry of "IMAGE OUTPUT name:
name: name" will output the namedgeometry on temporary file 3.
The following describes the functions and commands associatedwith the Manipulation MENU.
Primary Command: PSI=valueOptional Command: YAW= valueDescription: A user entry of "PSI=value" specifies
a yaw rotation for the accessed geometry.This command is mainly used in conjunc-tion with geometric rotations and dis-plays.
Primary Command: THETA=valueOptional Command: PITCH=valueDescription: A user entry of "THETA=value specifies
a pitch rotation for the accessedgeometry. This command is mainlyused in conjunction with geometricrotations and displays.
Primary Command: PHI=valueOptional Command: ROLL=valueDescription: A user entry of "PHI=value" specifies
a roll rotation for the accessed geometry.This command is mainly used in conjunc-tion with geometric .rotations and dis-plays.
Primary Command: ROTATION CENTER X : Y : ZOptional Command: RCEN X : Y : ZDescription: A user entry of "RCEN X : Z : Z
specifies a X, Y and Z geometric center.This command is used exclusively forgeometric rotations.
Primary Command: ROTOptional Command: ROTATEDescription: A user entry of "ROT" will command a
geometric rotation as specified previous-ly by the PHI, PSI, THETA and RCENcommands.
61
Primary Command: XMOVE=valueOptional Command: NADescription: A user entry of "XMOVE=value" will
translate the geometry X stationvalues by the amount specified oncethe move command is given.
Primary Command: YMOVE=valueOptional Command: NADescription: A user entry of "YMOVE=value" will
translate the geometry Y stationvalues by the amount specified oncethe move command is given.
Primary Command: ZMOVE=valueOptional Command: NADescription: A user entry of "ZMOVE=value" will
translate the geometry Z stationvalues by the amount specified oncethe move command is given.
Primary Command: MOVEOptional Command: NADescription: A user entry of "MOVE" will command
the program to execute the movespreviously specified by XMOVE, YMOVEor ZMOVE.
Primary Command: XMAG=valueOptional Command: NADescription: A user entry of "XMAG=value" specifies
a X station magnification factor. Thisentry is used in conjunction with thescale command.
Primary Command: YMAG=valueOptional Command: NADescription: A user entry of "YMAG=value" specifies
a Y station magnification factor. Thisentry is used in conjunction with thescale command.
Primary Command: ZMAG=valueOptional Command: NADescription: A user entry of "ZMAG=value" specifies
a Z station magnification factor. Thisentry is used in conjunction with thescale command.
62
Primary Command: MAG=valueOptional Command: NADescription: A user entry of "MAG=value" will set
the XMAG, YMAG and ZMAG values equalto the specified value.
Primary Command: MAGNIFICATION CENTER X Y ZOptional Command: MCEN X Y ZDescription: A user entry of "MAGNIFICATION CENTER
X Y Z " will set the magnificationcenter to the specified values.
Primary Command: SCALEOptional Command: SCDescription: A user entry of "SCALE" will command
the magnifications specified previouslyby MCEN, XMAG, YMAG and ZMAG.
Primary Command: RHO=valueOptional Command: NADescription: A user entry of "RHO=value" specifies
the density for a volume and mass prop-erty report.
Primary Command: H=valueOptional Command: NADescription: A user entry of "H=value" specifies a
wall thickness for a volume and massproperty report.
Primary Command: VAMP name: name: nameOptional Command: VOLUME name : name:.'name
V name: name: nameDescription: A user entry of "VAMP name: name: name"
will generate a volume and mass propertyreport for the named geometry.
The following describes the functions and commands associatedwith the DISPLAY MENU:
Primary Command: DISPLAY--name: name: nameOptional Command: DIS--name: name: nameDescription: A user entry of "DISPLAY--name: name:
name" will display the named geometryand disregard any previously calculatedscaling factors.
63
Primary Command: DISPLAY name: name: nameOptional Command: DIS name: name: nameDescription: A user entry of "DISPLAY name: name:
name" will generate a display of thenamed geometry.
Primary Command: DISPLAY+ name: name: nameOptional Command: DIS+ name: name: nameDescription: A user entry of "DISPLAY+ name: name:
name" will generate an overlay displayof the named geometry.
Primary Command: RFILT=valueOptional Command: RESOLUTION FILTER=valueDescription: A user entry of "RFILT=value" will
suppress a vector from being plottedthat is greater than that specified.
Primary Command: ZOOM factor X YOptional Command: NADescription: A user entry of "ZOOM factor X Y "
specifies a zoom with a magnificationfactor, X screen and Y screen position.
Primary Command: REFRESHOptional Command: NADescription: A user entry of "REFRESH" will erase
any current display images and redisplayall the previous images.
Primary Command: AFILT=valueOptional Command: AREA FILTER=valueDescription: A user entry of "AFILT=value" specifies
a limit area in which any valuesgreater than that specified will notbe plotted.
Primary Command: HLOptional Command: NADescription: A user entry of "HL" activates the
hidden line algorithm. This commandis used in conjunction with the geometricdisplay option.
Primary Command: NOHLOptional Command: NADescription: A user entry of "NOHL" negotiates the
hidden line algorithm. This commandis used in conjunction with the geometricdisplay option.
64
Primary Command: SYMOptional Command: NADescription: A user entry of "SYM" will generate
symmetric displays when used in con-junction with the display option.
Primary Command: NOSYMOptional Command: NADescription: A user entry of "NOSYM" negotiates
the SYM command.
Primary Command: PICTURE SIZE X YOptional Command: PICSIZ X YDescription: A user entry of "PICTURE SIZE X Y"
will generate a screen window specified
by X and Y (inches).
65
SEGMENT EDIT MODULE MENU INDEX
The basic function of the SEGMENT EDIT module allows the userto manipulate geometry at the segment level. The manipulationScapability includes rotation, translations,- scaling, creatioonand display of segment geometry.
The following describes the general operations of the SEGMENTEDIT module:
Primary Command: COPY SEGMENT name: name: nameOptional Command: COPY name: name: nameDescription: A user entry of "COPY SEGMENT name:
name: name" will copy the accessedsegment geometry to the specifiedname.
Primary Command: BUILD SEGMENT name: name: nameOptional Command: BUILD name: name: nameDescription: A user entry of "BUILD SEGMENT name:
name: name" will create a segment bythe name specified.
Primary Command: ACCESS CLUSTER name: name: nameOptional Command: AC CL name: name: nameDescription: A user entry of "ACCESS CLUSTER name :
name: name" will access the namedCLUSTER geometry.
Primary Command: ACCESS COMPONENT name: name: nameOptional Command: AC COM name: name: nameDescription: A user entry of "ACCESS COMPONENT name:
name: name" will access the named com-ponent geometry.
Primary Command: ACCESS SECTION name: name: nameOptional Command: AC SEC name: name: nameDescription: A user entry of "ACCESS SECTION name:
name: name" will access the namedsection geometry.
Primary Command: ACCESS name: name: nameOptional Command: AC name: name: nameDescription: A user entry of "ACCESS name: name:
name" will access the segment geometryspecified by the entered name.
66
Primary Command: LIST SEGMENT name: name: nameOptional Command: LIST name: name: name
L name: name: nameDescription: A user entry of "LIST SEGMENT name:
name: name" will provide a listing ofthe named segment geometry.
Primary Command: DISPLAY SEGMENT name: name: nameOptional Command: DISPLAY name: name: name
DIS name: name: nameDescription: A user entry of "DISPLAY SEGMENT name:
name: name" will provide a three viewof the named segment geometry.
Primary Command: MENUOptional Command: NADescription: A user entry of "MENU" will generate a
listing of the available functions andcommands within the segment edit module.
Primary Command: OMITOptional Command: EXITDescription: A user entry of "OMIT" will terminate
segment edit activity and exit controlto the master module.
Primary Command: COPY SECTION name: name: nameOptional Command: C SEC name: name: nameDescription: A user entry of "COPY SECTION name:
name: name" will copy the accessedsegment to the named section.
The following describes the POINT EDIT commands associated withthe SEGMENT EDIT module:
Primary Command: FIND X Y ZOptional Command: FIND POINT X Y ZDescription: A user entry of "FIND X Y Z " will
locate the named X,Y,Z point within thesegment. The FIND command will locatethe point nearest to the specifiedvalues of X,Y,Z.
Primary Command: ADD POINT X Y ZOptional Command: ADD X Y Z
A X Y ZDescription: A user entry of "ADD POINT X Y Z
will add to the existing segment geometrythe specified X, Y and Z value.
67
Primary Command: REPLACE POINT X Y ZOptional Command: REPLACE X Y Z
R X Y ZDescription: A user entry of "REPLACE POINT X Y
Z " will replace the accessed pointwith the specified X Y and Z value.
Primary Command: DELETE POINT X Y ZOptional Command: DELETE X Y Z
D X Y ZDescription: A user entry of "DELETE POINT X Y
Z " will delete the specified X, Y,Zpoint from the accessed segment geometry.
Primary Command: INSERT POINT X Y ZOptional Command: INSERT X Y Z
I X Y ZDescription: A user entry of "INSERT POINT X Y
Z " will insert the specified X,Y,Zvalues in the accessed segment.
Primary Command: DEFINE POINT X Y ZOptional Command: DEFINE X Y Z
DEF X Y ZDescription: A user entry of "DEFINE POINT X Y
Z " will insert the specified X,Y,Zvalues in the access register.
The following describes the Segment Operations:
Primary Command: START X Y ZOptional Command: NADescription: A user entry of "START X Y Z
will specify a start point as per X,Yand Z entry. This command is used inconjunction with the operational Segmentcommand.
Primary Command: STOP X Y ZOptional Command: NADescription: A user entry of "STOP X Y Z "
will specify a stop point as per X,Yand Z entry. This command is used inconjunction with the operational Segmentcommand.
68
Primary Command: NSTART=valueOptional Command: NADescription: A user entry of "NSTART=value" will
establish a start boundary with thespecified value.
Primary Command: NSTOP=valueOptional Command: NADescription: A user entry of "STOP=value" will
establish a stop boundary with the
specified value.
Primary Command: NSEG=valueOptional Command: NADescription: A user entry of "NSEG=value" will
establish a segment boundary with thespecified value. Used in conjunctionwith the EQARC command.
Primary Command: EQARC name: name: nameOptional Command: EQLEN name: name: nameDescription: A user entry of "EQARC name: name:
name" will specify the segment to beequally divided into N segments.
Primary Command: XMOVE=valueOptional Command: NADescription: A user entry of "XMOVE=value" specifies
the X value for a translation of thesegment geometry. This command is usedin conjunction with.the MOVE command.
Primary Command: YMOVE=valueOptional Command: NADescription: A user entry of "YMOVE=value" specifies
the Y value for a translation of thesegment geometry. This command is usedin conjunction with the MOVE command.
Primary Command: ZMOVE=valueOptional Command: NADescription: A user entry of "ZMOVE=value" specifies
the Z value for a translation of thesegment geometry. This command is usedin conjunction with the MOVE command.
69
Primary Command: MOVEOptional Command: NADescription: A user entry of "MOVE" will perform
the translations specified by XMOVE,YMOVE and ZMOVE.
Primary Command: PSI=value (Deg)Optional Command: YAW=value (Deg)Description: A user entry of "PSI=value" specifies
a YAW value for a rotation of the seg-ment geometry. This command is usedin conjunction with the ROT command.
Primary Command: THETA=value (Deg)Optional Command: PITCH=value (Deg)Description: A user entry of "THETA=value" specifies
a pitch value for rotation of the seg-ment geometry. This command is used inconjunction with the ROT command.
Primary Command: PHI=value (Deg)Optional Command: ROLL=value (Deg)Description: A user entry of "PHI=value" specifies
a roll value for rotation of the seg-ment geometry. This command is usedin conjunction with the ROT command.
Primary Command: ROTATION CENTER X Y ZOptional Command: RCEN X Y ZDescription: A user entry of "RCEN X Y Z
describes a rotation center with thespecified X,Y,Z values.
Primary Command: ROTATEOptional Command: ROTDescription: A user entry of "ROTATE" will perform
the rotations specified by PHI, THETAand PSI.
Primary Command: XMAG=valueOptional Command: NADescription: A user entry of "XMAG=value" specifies
an X magnification factor. Used in con-junction with the scale command.
Primary Command: YMAG=valueOptional Command: NADescription: A user entry of "YMAG=value" specifies
a Y magnification factor. Used in con-junction with the scale command.
70
Primary Command: MCEN X Y ZOptional Command: MAGNIFICATION CENTER X Y ZDescription: A user entry of "MCEN X Y Z
specifies a magnification center withthe named X, Y and Z values. Thiscommand is used in conjunction withthe scale command.
Primary Command: MAG=valueOptional Command: NADescription: A user entry of "MAG=value" will set
XMAG, YMAG and ZMAG equal to the speci-fied value.
Primary Command: ZMAG=valueOptional Command: NADescription: A user entry of "ZMAG=value" specifies
a Z magnification factor. Used in con-junction with the scale command.
Primary Command: SCALEOptional Command: SCDescription: A user entry of "SCALE" will perform
the magnification specified previouslyby MCEN, XMAG, YMAG and ZMAG.
Primary Command: PLANE X Y Z PSI THETA PHIOptional Command: NADescription: A user entry of "PLANE X Y Z PSI
THETA PHI" defines a plane with theX,Y,Z coordinates and Pitch, Roll andYaw rotation specified.
Primary Command: XCUT=valueOptional Command: NADescription: A user entry of "XCUT=value" defines a
Y-Z plane located at the specified Xstation.
Primary Command: YCUT=valueOptional Command: NADescription: A user entry of "YCUT=value" defines a
X-Z plane located at the specified Ystation.
71
Primary Command: ZCUT=valueOptional Command: NADescription: A user entry of "ZCUT=value" defines a
X-Y plane located at the specified Zstation.
Primary Command: PCUTOptional Command: NADescription: A user entry of "PCUT" specifies a
cut positive to the normal plane aspreviously specified by PLANE, XCUT,YCUT and ZCUT.
Primary Command: MCUTOptional Command: NADescription: A user entry of "MCUT" specifies a cut
negative to the normal plane as previous-ly specified by PLANE, XCUT, YCUT andZCUT.
72
CALCULATOR MODULE MENU INDEX
The basic function of the calculator module provides the userwith a series of basic calculator capabilities.
The following describes the functions and commands of theCALCULATOR Module:
Primary Command: ENTER=valueOptional Command: E=value
ENT=valueDescription: A user entry of "ENTER=value" will
enter the specified number.
Primary Command: PLUSOptional Command: ADDDescription: A user entry of "PLUS" will perform an
addition of the stored numbers.
Primary Command: MINUSOptional Command: SUBDescription: A user entry of "MINUS" will perform a
subtraction of the stored numbers.
Primary Command: DIVOptional Command: /
DIVIDEDescription: A user entry of "DIV" will perform a
division of the stored numbers.
Primary Command: MPYOptional Command: *Description: A user entry of "MPY" will perform a
multiplication of the stored numbers.
Primary Command: COSOptional Command: NADescription: A user entry of "COS" will take the COS
of the stored number.
Primary Command: SINOptional Command: NADescription: A user entry of "SIN" will take the
SIN of the stored number.
Primary Command: TANOptional Commdn: NADescription: A user entry of "TAN" will take the
TANGENT of the stored number.
73
Primary Command: EXITOptional Command: NADescription: A user entry of "EXIT" will terminate
calculator activity and return to themaster module.
Primary Command: MENUOptional Command: NADescription: A user entry of "MENU" will generate
a listing of the available commandsin the calculator module.
Primary Command: CLEAROptional Command: NADescription: A user entry of "CLEAR" will clear
(zero) any previously stored entry.
74
INPUT MODULE MENU INDEX
The basic functions of the INPUT module allows the user to enterdata blocks and any-type of information.
The following describes the commands available in the inputmodule:
Primary Command: BCD INPUT name: name: nameOptional Command: NADescription: A user entry of "BCD INPUT name: name:
name" will store the card image datain the data base under the specifiedname.
Primary Command: Numeric Input name: name: nameOptional Command: NADescription: A user entry of "NUMERIC INPUT name:
name: name" will enter numeric dataunder the specified name. The data isread in free field format.
75
APPENDIX BGTM DATA BASE
The following provides a listing of the current GTM geometrydata base contents on file EX42-00002.*DATA5:
NAME DESCRIPTION
SO0147B SHUTTLE ORBITER CLUSTERNOSE NOSE CLUSTERTAIL TAIL CLUSTEROMSSUB OMS SUBTRACTION SURFACEOMSPOD OMS PODOWING OUTTER WINGIWING INNER WINGBODY BODY STRUCTURELE WING LEADING EDGEBFLAP BODY FLAPSRM SOLID ROCKET BOOSTERSHRDL LOWER PAYLOAD SHROUD (LLV)SHRDV UPPER PAYLOAD SHROUD (LLV)STAGE6 SIXTH STAGE LLVSTAGE5 FIFTH STAGE LLVSTAGE4 FOURTH STAGE LLVSTAGE3 THIRD STAGE LLVSTAGE2 SECOND STAGE LLVSTAGE1 FIRST STAGE LLVLLV LARGE LEFT VEHICLE
76
APPENDIX C - SAMPLE PROBLEM
AERODYNAMIC SURFACES
The following pages contain a sample input and graphicalrepresentation for the construction of a wing and verticaltail using the GTM and auxiliary programs. The wing andtail surfaces use standard NACA airfoils as follows:
Wing Root NACA 2408
Wing Tip NACA 2412
Vertical Root and Tip NACA 0008
The standard airfoil geometry was generated by the AIRFOILProgram of reference 2 and passed to the GTM on a speciallyformatted file. The graphics representation was generatedby the IMAGE Program of reference 2.
77
INPUTR.EAD FILE 4
_SEGAM ENT__EDIT_. NACCA A 240_8 UPFPER
EARN-- ACA 7Z408 -UPPE RNSEG=1 0EQARC NAA____4______LO__ER
NSEG=10
EQARC NACA 2412 LOWERMAG=9.72SC NACA 2408 UPPERSC NACA 2408 LOWERYAW=L80.ROT NACA 2408 UPPERROT NACA 2408 LOWER
X MOLVE=-1704.YMOVE=272.ZMOVE=-132.MOVE NACA 2408 UPPERMOVE NACA 2408 LOWERAG= 2.01
SC NACA 2412 UPPERSC NACA 2412 LOWERYAW=180.ROT NACA 2412 UPPERROT NACA 2412 LOWERXMOVE=-2475.YMOVE=954.ZMOVE=-132.MOVE NACA 2412 UPPERMOVE NACA 2412 LOWER
I _NAC A24D8_PtPEREXIT
___SECI T_ED_ILT___ _UILD FHICILLPA R ALL EL_B L RNSSCL
B U I LDCCDPEN. ING UPPERBUI LD-_SECT.IO R1OOTCOPYlSGM EfTN AC.AfOLLP _____PERBUIa D SE.CTIDN TIP
_COP_Y_ SGMFNT NACA__22 UPPR
__ P_Y__.S E G 1 EN TNAC AZ4 12L11_WER
BU.IL SECT LON_ ROOTCOP_Y_ SEG M E NL INAA -A4QBL_ULDWWFR____. TRE.E.LI_A RALLELLURLSSNIS_-EXL. __._ ___T
WING GENERATION INPUT,78
ORIGIAL PAG gOF POOR QUALrj
-S-EG.MEL.T-.D..LT___A C-C ESS-J4 A- GA--- 0 O8-P-RE-R-
-- - E U1LD-SE-(MENLUT-PG0_--oP.Y SEGMEN.T___ -
____AC-G.E S&S-N A CX-A. O) &URP.E R- -UiL.E GMiE.NT-RO.OT
___ ACG--SSROQT-
N-JJLL9=- 0
~~LBUR UN L44
_____LD ACCESSt
ADD EGGfi TI
ERICA ________________________
SLECTIOp EDI~O 79 UR SST
0,
rlt~ / i
' , ,,
i":"" ' / "/i /
-- Lj 'I I I/
'I ..
,;, ~~~~i .. -:-+- ., ,
,'tS',
"'." 'I's ". ', i , ',,, :..-; .:-.:-.. ~I' w
+++ -. .. +
rr.-
\/\I +1.9 iI-I .,*'i" , S iSi
- -- ,. :\. ,,\
N, \ ' ' \
AERODYNAMIC SURFACE OUTPUPT \t
It
~ .......... . ... .:
APPENDIX DSAMPLE PROBLEM.
GULL WING GEOMETRY GENERATION
Five steps are included which generate the geometry of amultiply deflected wing shape. Separate executions usingEDIN were used to demonstrate the ability of the GTM toaccess and modify stored geometry as well as to create geometry.The results of each step are displayed. The five steps are:
1. Create a flat, cranked wing.2. Vertical Stabilizer surface.3. Flap surface.4. Elevon and Rudder surfaces.5. Rotations and deflections.
Step 1: Createa Flat,Cranked Wing
The cranked wing is created using two standard NACA airfoilsections generated by the AIRFOIL program of reference 2.These are used as follows:
Root NACA 2408'Crank NACA 2408Tip NACA 2412
These section are scaled and rotated into the aircraft coordinatesystem and assembled into components using the followingcommand sequence for the GTM:
81
*EXECUTE GTM-
C.
C. BUILD FLAT CRANK WING
C. ------------
C..
INPUTC,C. -READ AIRFOIL INPUT SECTIONSC.NOTE: OUTPUT FROM AIPFOIL
C. NACA 2408 UPPER
C, NACA 2408 LOWERC. NACA 2412 UPPER
C, NACA 2412 LOWERC, NACA 0008 UPPERC. NACA 0008 LOWER
C,READ FILE 4EXIT
SEGMENT EDITC.C. ROTATE AIRFOIL SECTIONS TO GET INTO AC COORDINATE SYSTEM
C,YAW = 180ROT NACA 2408 UPPERROT NACA 2408 LOWERROT NACA 2412 UPPERROT NACA 2412 LOWER
C,C, COPY TO DIFFERENTLY NAMED SECTIONSC,
BUILD ROOTUCOPY NACA 2408 UPPERBUILD ROOTLCOPY NACA 2408 LOWERBUILD CRANKUCOPY NACA 2408 UPPERBUILD CRANKLCOPY NACA 2408 LOWER
C. ORIGINAL PAGEC, REDUCE POINTS PER SEGMENT TO 12 OF POOR QUALITylC.
NSEG = 1?EQARC ROOTUEQARC ROOTLEQARC CRANKUEQARC CRANKLEOARC NACA 2412 UPPEREQARC NACA 2412 LOWER
82GTM INPUT-FLAT, CRANKED WING
C.C,. SCALE A MOVE ROOT SEGMENTSC.
MAG=14.206XMOVE = -1256YMOVE = 272ZMOVE = -132SC POOTUMOVESC ROOTLMOVE
C,C. SCALE AND MOVE CRANK SEGMENTSC,
MAG = 4.51XMOVE = -2225
YMOVE = 573SC CRANKUMOVESC CRANKLMOVE
C,C. SCALE AND MOVE TIP SEGMENTSC.
MAG = 2.01XMOVE= -2475YMOVE = 954SC NACA 2412 UPPERMOVESC NACA 2412 LOWERMOVE
C,C, SEGMENT MANIPULATIONS COMPLETEC,EXIT
GTM TNPUT--FLAT, CRANKIED WTNG (cont.)
83
SECTION EDITC.0 - - --- - - - - - -
C. CREATE VEHICLE TREE -C.- - - - - - - - - --- - --- - - --- - - - - ---
BUILD VEHICLE ORBITERBUILD COMPONENT WING UPPERBUILD SECTION ROOTCOPY SEGMENT ROOTU
BUILD SECTION CRANKCOPY SEGMENT CRANKUBUILD SECTION TIPCOPY SEGMENT NACA 2412 UPPERBUILD COMPONENT WING LOWERBUILD SECTION TIPCOPY SEGMENT NACA 2412 LOWER
BUILD SECTION CRANKCOPY SEGMENT CRANKL
BUILD SECTION ROOTCOPY SEGMENT ROOTL
ACCESS VEHICLE ORBITERTREE LISTC.C. OUTPUT INFORMATION FILE TO IMAGEC,
OUTPUT ORBITEREXITC.C. FLAT WING IS COMPLETEDC.
SAVE DATA RASESTOP
*EOF
GTM INPUT--FLAT, CRANKED WING (cont.)
84
i i I I
"----_--- -- <L-< -- '". .
" -: -- b...." ,",
" 7i' i"
I/
\
\, i ] , ' "
y
'.-- .
'1 , . .. ... .. .
FLAT, C2RA\(KWD VT:G85
ORIGINAL PAGE 08OF POOR QUALJI1
Step 2: Vertical Stabilizer Surface
The vertical stabilzer surface is generated from the followingsections:
Tip NACA 0008Cap Input section data
These sections are scaled and rotated and appended to the wingcomponents. The following command sequence for the GTM isused for these operations:
86
*EXECUTE GTM*C.C - - -
C. BUILD WTNA TIP/VTAIL SECTION--FLATC*- - - e- - - ---
C.SEGMENT EDITC.C. ROTATE AND SCALE TIP SEGMENTSC.
ACCESS NACA 0008 UPPERNSEG = 12EQARCYAW = 180
MAG = 2.01ROTSCACCESS NACA 0008 LOWERNSEG = 12EQARCROTSC
C.C. MOVE TIP SEGMENTS INTO DESIRED POSITION
C.XMOVE = -2475YMOVE = 1054
ZMOVE = -132MOVE NACA 0008 UPPERMOVE NACA 0008 LOWER
C.
C. BUILD TIP CAP SEGMENTC.
BUILD SEGMENT LINEADD 090.0ADD -.29.5,0ADD -.4*gO,0ADD -.6,.9,0ADD -1.,1,,0
C.C. SCALE AND MOVE CAP SEGMENTC.
XMAG = 201YMAG = 20.ZMAG = 1.SCXMOVE = -?475 OIGINAL pAGE
YMOVF 1064 op pOOR QQU ,ZMOVF = -132MOVENSEG = 1?EQARC
GTM INPUT--VEHTICAL STABILIZER SURFACE 87
C.
C, CREATE UNIQUE NAMES FOR SEGMENTS TO BE INSERTEDC.
BUILD SEGMENT VTICOPY NACA 0008 LOWERBUILD SEGMENT VT2
COPY LINEEXITSECTION EDITC.- - - - e- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - e- - - - - - -
C, ADD TAIL SECTIONS TO EXISTING WINGC. - - - - ---- - - -- - - - - ------ - - - - -
ACCESS VEHICLE ORBITERACCESS COMPONENT WING UPPER
C.C. SET UP THE BUILD REGISTERC.
BUILD = ACCESSBUILD SECTION VT1COPY SEGMENT NACA 0008 UPPERBUILD SECTION VT2
COPY SEGMENT LINEACCESS COMPONENT WING LOWER
C.C. LOWER TIP SECTIONS MUST BE INSERTED TO pE PLACED IN THEC. POSITON.C.
ACCESS SECTION TIPINSERT SECTION VT1ACCESS SECTION VTIINSERT SECTION VT2
TREE LIST ORBITEROUTPUT ORBITER
EXITSAVE DATA BASESTOP
*EOF
GTM INPUT--VERTICAL STABILIZER SURFACE (cont.)
88
,,; i I' ii?
S, "i I '
• ,< ,,,, ,,., . ,1 '
,, ', ,' i i !
\ ,\,* ' * ',i--------------- -
---- --------
~ /I
FLAT, CRANKED WING WITH VERTTCAL STABILTZSR ADMEDORIGNAL PAG8 ISOF POOR QUAIjpl
89
Step 3: Flap Surface
The Flap is created by cutting the Wing Root and Wing Cranksections with a plane. The portions forward of the cutbecome replacement wing sections and portions aft of thecut become sections for the Flap component. The followingcommand sequence for the GTM is used for these operations:
90
*EXECUTE GTM*C,- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -C, BUILD INNER WING FLAPC.-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -SECTION EDITC.C. FLAP WILL BUILD FROM ROOT AND CRANK SECTIONS. THFSE SECTIONSC, MUST BE COPIED TO SEGMENTSC.
ACCESS VEHICLE ORBITERACCESS COMPONENT WING UPPERBUILD SEGMENT FLAPURCOPY SFCTION POOTBUILD SEGMENT FLAPUTCOPY SECTION CRANK
ACCESS COMPONENT WING LOWERBUILD SEGMENT FLAPLRCOPY SECTION ROOTBUILD SEGMENT FLAPLTCOPY SECTION CRANK
EXITSEGMENT EDITC.C. FLAP SEGMENTS WILL BE BUILT FROM THE NErATIVE PORTIONS OF THEC. SEGMENTS AS REFERENCED FROM THE CUTTING PLANE.C.C. NEW WING SEGMENTS WILL BE THE POSATIVE oOpTIONS.C.
XCUT = -2476BUILD SEGMENT ROOT UPPER
PCUT FLAPURACCESS FLAPURMCUTBUILD SEGMENT CRANKI UPPERPCUT FLAPUTACCESS FLAPUTMCUTBUILD SEGMENT ROOT LOWERPCUT FLAPLRACCESS FLAPLRMCUTBUILD SEGMENT CRANKI LOWERPCUT FLAPLTACCESS FLAPLTMCUT
C.C. INSURE I?2 POINTS FOR WING SEGMENTSC.
ACCESS ROOT UPPERNSEG =12EQARCACCESS ROOT LOWERNSEG = 12EQARC
GTM INPUT--FLAP SURFACE 91
ACCESS CRANKI UPPERNSEG = 12EQARCACCESS CRANKI LOWERNSEG = 12EQARC
C.C. EXTABLISH THE POINT DEFINITION FOR THE FLAP SEGMENTSC,
ACCESS FLAPURNSEG = 1
EQARCACCESS FLAPLRNSEG = 1
EOARC"ACCESS FLAPLT.
NSEG = IEQARCACCESS FLAPUTNSEG=1
EQARCEXITSECTION EDITC. ------------- -- -- -- -- ------ -- -- -- ---
C. BUILD FLAP TREE STRUCTUREC.--------- -
ACCESS VEHICLE ORBITERBUILD = ACCESSBUILD COMPONENT FLAP UPPERBUILD SECTION ROOTCOPY SEGMENT FLAPURBUILD SECTION TIPCOPY SEGMENT FLAPUTBUILD COMPONENT FLAP LOWERBUILD SECTION TIPCOPY SEGMENT FLAPLTBUILD SECTION ROOTCOPY SEGMENT FLAPLR
C, - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -C, CORRECT WING STRUCTURE TO ACCEPT THE FLAPC.- - - -------------
ACCESS COMPONENT WING UPPERACCESS SECTION ROOTREPLACE SECTION ROOT UPPERACCESS SECTION CRANKINSERT SECTION CRANKT UPPERACCESS COMPONENT WING LOWERACCESS SECTION ROOTREPLACE SECTION ROOT LOWERACCESS SECTION ROOT LOWERINSERT SECTION CRANKI LOWERTREE LIST ORBITEROUTPUT OPRITEREXITSAVE DATA BASESTOP
*EOF
92GTM INPUT--FLAP SURFACE (cont.)
I i
• ' . , \,',+ ', , ,, , +
I r ,I + ] I. I !/ U, * +. rt ~l'1 ' 'l? t
!) i I / I
\,W :, .- ! -- :- -- ..... --
-i?" I /,. " .........
I I i
i l.I i ,. i i
i i'S \ L ........ .. .....
t/ " "- - -....-'--- - +. '.- z - ':--:-+-
7/ ---- o'
JI+NG WT FLAP
93
Step 4: Elevon and Rudder Surfaces
The Elevon is created by cuting the wing components from theCrank sections to the Tip sections. The Rudder is created bycutting the Wing components from the Tip sections to the VT1sections. The following command sequence for the GTM is usedfor these operations:
94
'EXECUTE GTM"C. - - - - -C. RUILD ELFVON AND RHIDERC. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
SECTION EDITC.C. FLEVON IS RuILT FROM CRANK AND TIPC. RUDDEP IS RIJILT FROM FLEVON TIP AND VT1C.
ACCFSS VEHICLE ORRITERACCESS COMPONENT WING UPPEDBUILD SFrMFNT ELEVON UPCOPY SECTION CPANKRUILD SEGMENT ELEVON UTCOPY SECTION TIPBUILD SFGMFNT PUDDER UTCOPY SECTION VTIACCESS COMPONENT WING LOWERBUILD SEGMENT ELEVON LDCOPY SECTION CPANKBUILD SEGMENT ELEVON LTCOPY SECTION TIPBUILD SEGMENT RUDDER LTCOPY SECTION VT1
EXITSEGMENT EDITC.C. ELEVON ANn PR.DDFR ApF Om THE NEGATIVE SIDE OF TIHE CUTTT IG PLANEC. THE RFOEFINED WING IS ON THE POSATIVE STDFC.
XCUT = -276BUILD CRANKO UPPER
PCUT ELEVON URACCESS ELEVON UPMCUTBUILD TIP UPPERPCUT ELEVON UTACCESS ELEVON UTMCUTBUILD VTJ UIPPERPCUT RUnnEP UTACCESS PiRUDER UTMCUTBUILD CPANKO LOWEPPCUT ELFVOM LRACCESS ELEVON PRMCUTBUILD TIP IOWER
PCUT ELFVON LT , O,ACCESS FLEVON LTMCUTBUILD VTI LOWEd ' .
PCUT RUnnFP LTACCESS PIjDnFP LTMCUT
GT\. I.TNPUT--FELEV0N AND RIJDDER SIURFACES9
C.C. INSUPF WING SEGMENTS HAVE 13 POINTS
C.ACCESS CPANKO UPPER
NSEG = 1?EQARCACCESS CPANKO LOWER
NSEG = 1?'EQARCACCESS TIP UPPER
NSEG = 12EQAPCACCESS TIP LOWER
NSEG = 12EQARCACCESS VT1 UPPER
NSEG = 12EQARCACCFSS VTI LOWER
NSEG = 4bEQARC
C. REDEFINE ELEVON AND RUDDER SEGMENTS WITH 2 POINTS
C.ACCESS ELEVON UR
NSEG = 1EQARCACCESS EIEVON LR
NSEG = 1EQARCACCESS ELEVON UTNSEG = 1
EQARCACCESS ELEVON LT
NSEG = 1EQARCACCESS PUDdER UTNSEG = 1EOARCACCESS RUDDnER LTNSEG = I
EQARCEXIT
GTM INPUT--ELEVON AND RUDDER SURFACES (cont.)
96
SECTION EDITC. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
C. AUILD ELEVON COMPONFNTC. - - - - --- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
ACCESS VEHICLE ORRPITERBUILD = ACCESSBUILD COMPONENT ELEVON UPPERBUTILD SECTIONi ROOT
COPY SEGMENT EIEVON IR
RUILO SFCTION TIPCOPY SFcMENT ELEVOtI UTBUILD COMPONENT ELEVON LOWERBUILD SECTION TIPCOPY SFuGENT ELEVON LTBUILD SECTION ROOT
COPY SEGMENT ELEVON LR
C. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --
C. PUIIID PlinJoE COMPONFNTC. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
BUILD COMPONENT PUDDER UPPERBUILD SFCTION ROOT
COPY SEGMENT ELEVON UT
BUILD SECTION TI P
COPY SEGMENT RUDDER UT
BUILD COMPONENT RUDDER LOWERRUILD SECTION TIP
COPY SFr MENT RUDDER LTBUILD SECTION ROOT
COPY SEMuENT ELEVON LTCo - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ---
C. CORRFCT WTNG SECTIONS TO ACCEPT RUDnER ANn ELFVONC. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
ACCESS COMPONENT WING UPPERACCESS SECTION CRN,'KREPLACE SECTION CPANKO UPPERACCESS SECTION TIP
REPLACE SECTION TIP UPPERACCESS SECTION VTIINSERPT SECTION VTI UIPPFRACCESS COMAPONENT WING LOWFRACCESS SECTION TIP
INSERT SFCTION VTI LOWERACCESS SECTION TIP
RFPL ACF SECTION TTP LOWFPACCESS SFCTION CMA~.KREPIACE FCTTON CP~ANKO LOWERTREF LIST nR*ITE,OUTPUT OpPITFR
FXITSAVE DATA RASF
STOPFFT AND RUDD
GTM INPUT--ELTVON AND RIJDD7R SURFACE"{; (corit.) 97
I!/,,i I i I I
-- //-- -. ,
-- - " ,, " , I
L~i__~C~-~i ---C_- .- __.::.';-.:...'..L _ _. __. ..
-.-..-- *N-. -.
-? 'N
i tI
i\\/l xy\"-i"
j \)/1 / "
, / -
WING WITH FLAP, ELEVON, AND RUDDER
98
Step 5: Rotations and Deflections
The preceeding four steps created the desired geometry in aflat wing. This step accomplishes the rotation8 such that thevertical control surfaces have a dyhedral 8f 60 , and theoutboard wing segtion has a dyhedral of 15 . The flgp has adeflection of 15 , the elevon has a deflection of 10 , andthe rudder has a deflection of 25 . The following commandsequence for the GTM is used for these operations:
99
*EXECUTE GTMt
C. ROTATE WING INTO THF DESIRED SHAPEC.SECTION EDIT
ACCESS VEHICLE OPRITERC.C. PUDDER DEFLECTION ROTATIONC.
ACCESS COMPONENT PUnDER UPPERRCEN = -?576,0,-132PITCH = -29ROTACCESS COMPONENT RUDDER LOWERROT
C.C. ELEVON DEFLF.CTION ROTATIONC.
PITCH = 10ACCESS COMPONENT ELEVON UPPER
ROTACCESS COMPONENT ELEVON LOWERROT
C.C. FLAP DEFLECTION ROTATIONC.
RCEN = -P476 ,0,-]32PITCH = 15ACCESS COMPONENT FLAP UPPER
ROTACCESS COMPONENT FLAP LOWEP
ROTC.C. FIRST WING POTATION: V-T PORTION UP 45 DEGREESC.
RCEN = -?676,954,-132PITCH = 0
ROLL = 4S
ROLL. =-45ACCESS COMPONENT QUDDER UPPERROTACCESS COMPONENT RUDDER LOWER
ROTACCFSS COMPONFNT. WING UPPERSTART TIP UPPFR
ACCFSS COMPONENT WING LOWER o1BtG AlfilSTOP TIP LOWEP O gROT
100 GTM INPUT--ROTATIONS AND DEFLECTIONS
C.C. SECOND WING ROTATION--ALL !.JTBOPD OF CRANK UP 15 rEGCFFSC.
PCEN = -P676,5731-132ROLL = IBROLL =-1ACCESS COMPONENT PtnDER IlPPEP
POTACCESS COMPONENT PtDDEP LOWEPROTACCESS CnMPONENT ELEVON UPPERROTACCESS COMPONENT ELEVON LOWFPROTACCESS COMPONENT WING UPPER
STAPT = CRANKO UPPERPOT
ACCESS COMPONENT WING LOWERSTOP = CRANKO LOWFp
ROTTREE LIST ORBITFROUTPUT ORPITER
EXITSAVE DATA RASE
STOP*EOF
GTM INPUT--ROTATIONS AND DEFLECTIONS (cont.)
10107'G dAAL PAGE
10OF P ooR QUALnM
H 0 N
I ,1
N
~I
f J/
, !t
//"
, ,\
;
' '
t.-
,"Idi'
/
,' i
"""
,, ..
,--,
,
N': i
. -t
.-
--
ii /to*
'h
"-f
/ '
,.,,,,
~'
.. ',)
,,
_ .li
t' ,.
k.
.-,
'N
,~
~.r
7F1
--i\
~J~l
rrI-
- I,
I-
.":
*r
U--
--
IJ--
----
:
I, __Li_
_
__
_
_
_
NI:'
U/ LL TN
r.GOIS1
OF -poop-
GULL WTN'
.PpO (UUP 103
BODY ENHANCEMENT
A minimum envelope body composed of 6 sections was generatedusing a panel program. The cross-sections represent the min-imum area needed to accomodate the internal tank arrangements.The nose portion of this body was enhanced by generating newsections using the power law distribution with an exponent of0.6. The second section of the original body was selected asthe base section for this distribution. The newly generatedsections are scaled versions of the base section at thefollowing locations:
Station-x Magnification Factor-1 .0166-5 .0435
-10 ,0659-20 .0999-50 .1731
-100 .2624-150 .3333-200 .3977-500 .6891
The command sequence for the GTM used for this enhancement isas follows:
104
STA0cr~ 'C * <
\j=;!op or ny
C rFr(' s (-
) T TrvT
V F To I TT
( -y c rC2 T T r
Pouy cryii f rl
Ec~cceMT FiTT
~C Ip!ge
r ~c7
! ) czi E: r- . ic* . t T N'
C -A c; -
0 .. 0
H Fl(\ Srt~,c:T 4C
SC ;:Acce
C r\- =
(ZC C~cA
Y-~ *o~I~-
=~( OrT.'
:::lng eveneC ! T M
Ii ;:Z -r
EC LDA C
1iT( I 0 r r- T h:
GTM INPUT -- BODY EHACE11MN
105
SPO1 QUM
H Ij I r q r r,"AFrIT KiF
SC nSR
x~( V F
ll . n -OUtA :T N! F 7
Xtoilvp =.-c7
-lljjl n q~FrUP-OT NiF~t
SC Pj'cq
t-UJi P Pr',i T N1 F'r'!Hhi F) CrMF;F~T txF 2
XR:jl = ,C~S; CM
X. ) \ 1
F X~ T T
VPHTrcLE F)TTrC CFS '/FPT(IIF A-jf :r-yCC F S Q fr'h-Apill\FtlT c rmn
T Fc-T T r) I cNI ! 1T CC F Q T (; CV Ti T -q ro,,j :A CCF q ccrT I 0i Q F-7 T2T
F I-) T Q F (- T I OlH P-- ?C C rq rpCTT(J T FrT T nf\'\'c Q T Q r.TTON r T 1'
ACCF Y FrT TW I YrTT (- TT",Fo T cVCTT rI f J '.I
ACCTccS %rTTfN Z'rT!~n II.FT CcT1C T0fl:d rO
~('CFcS RFCT1C~rd Y-FTTr'i
T FT c C r T Or., taC Cg r ('Tqnrr rTnI;TT TIT S jSFPT QPC TT r)Mii y' -7
AC:CF-cs cZrTCnt\I R~'rTTfl:.Il 2
Ti)SRFT qrrTTot ,Fi,! QCCF c qcrT IO~j q i r T r'.')I T.-r A.D Pr-('T~t -y'
T' IUT t r (T r$TAr7-.
RX IT
3 Tf T* I: i :- ~ n Y cISTO D
n~n
GTM INPUT -- BODY ENHANCEMENT (cont.)
106
ORIGINAL PAGE NXOF POOR QUALIT!
::.<.., ,." .
i'D" ./.::>7 ":: :"•
S::-.&' 7
ORIGINAL MINIMUM ENVELOPE BODY
0"IGINL PAG
OF POO ---.r ... 107
;i ..../ <,-", ," .. -.::'! .5..! :: :. : : i-
NHAND MINIMU ENVELOPE BODY
OG C
o-c- o
A1 : :I -
ORIGINAL MIN~MU ENVELOPE ODY
Or~I~C
~ 1POR ~ v~a~Sc-