aeyzarq psm 2
TRANSCRIPT
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BMM4924
FINAL YEAR PROJECT 2
EFFECTS OF ALIGNMENT OF REINFORCEMENT MATERIAL
TO THE PROPERTIES OF POLYMER MATRIX
COMPOSITE(PMC)
AEYZARQ MUHAMMAD HADZREEL BIN MOHD RAZALI
ME08049
SUPERVISOR: DR. SITI RABIATULL AISHA BINTI IDRIS
FACULTY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
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1.1 OBJECTIVES
To study the effect of different alignment of reinforced material to
the properties of Polymer Matrix Composite (PMC).
To distinguish the effect of various thickness on mechanical and
physical properties of PMC.
To evaluate the water resistance using different alignment towards
seawater
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1.2 Scopes Of Works
Matrix : Unsaturated Polyester resin (Thermoset)
Reinforcement : i. E-glass fiber woven roving
ii. 5 layer and 7 layer thickness
Reinforcement alignment : i. Bidirectional (0 and 90 )
ii. Multidirectional ( 0, 30, 60 and 90,
120,150)
Specimen fabrication : Hand lay-up process
Mechanical testing : i. Tensile testing (ASTM D3039-M)
ii. Water absorption test (ASTM D570)
Water absorption : seawater
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Illustration of composite material
Reinforcement Material
(a constituent material with
relatively high stiffness or
very high strength material
embedded in the matrixcomposition )
Matrix material
( primary phase
that usually more
ductile and less
hard that hold
the reinforce and
shares a load
with it )
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Application of Polymer Matrix
Composite (PMC) Glass fiber-reinforced polyesters have been used in different types of boat
(e.g., sail boats fishing boats, dinghies, life boats and yacht.
Today, among 90% of all recreational boats are constructed of either glass
fiber-reinforced polyester or glass fiber-reinforced vinyl ester.
Among the applications are hulls, decks and various interior components.
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Cut the fiberglass to 30cm X
30cm
30 cm
30cm
Mix the catalyst with the polyester
Pour the polyester onto the
fiberglass laminar
Roll the polyester uniformly
onto the laminar
Cover the second laminar
onto the first laminar
3.0 Methodology Flowchart
Testing
Tensile test ASTM D3039M
Water absorption test ASTM D570
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Classification Of Orientation
Bidirectional orientation Multidirectional orientation
30
60
Fiberglass
Fiberglass
5 layer multidirectional
orientation
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Specimen being prepared for tensile
test25 cm
2.5cm
Specimen being cut Specimen ready for tensile test
Instron Universal Testing Machine Model 3369
Specimen
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Specimen Being Prepared For Water Absorption Test
2.5cm
7.5cm
Specimens beingheated in furnace
for 8 hours at 50C
Specimens weightbeing measured
using electronic
balance
Specimens being
immerse in theseawater for 24 hours
Specimens weight
being measuredagain
Specimendimension
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4.0 Result and discussion
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100
120
140
160
180
200
220
240
260
0.02294 0.03216 0.02078 0.03118 0.0349
Tensilestre
ngth[MPa]
Tensile strain [mm/mm]
Tensile Strength for 7 layer laminates
7 layer
multidirectional7 layer bidirectional
From the above graph, we can see that 7 layer bidirectional orientation has a greater
ultimate tensile strength comparing with to the 7 layer multi directional.The highest tensile strength for 7 layer bidirectional orientation is 243 MPa while the
highest tensile strength for 7 layer multidirectional orientation is 219 MPa.
We can conclude that bidirectional alignment will give a better mechanical properties
such as strength than the multidirectional alignment.
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0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
YoungModulus(MPa)
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
YoungModulus(MPa)
5 layer
multidirectional
5 layer
bidirectional7 layer
multidirectional7 layer
bidirectional
Youngs Modulus For Each Type Of Alignment And Thickness
From the two graphs above, we can observe that Youngs Modulus is greater for
bidirectional alignment.
It is because the properties such as stress and strain is greater for bidirectional
alignment.
The graphs above proved that bidirectional alignment will make the Polymer Matrix
Composite (PMC) more stiffness than the multidirectional alignment
Types of alignment Types of alignment
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0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
waterabsorption(%)
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
waterabsorption(%)
7 layer
multidirectional7 layer bidirectional 5 layer
multidirectional
5 layer
bidirectional
Water Absorption Test (ASTM D570)
From the 2 graphs above, it can be observed that multidirectional alignment will absorbed more quantity of
water comparing to bidirectional alignment.
Seawater degradation can cause swelling and plasticisation of the polyester matrix and debonding at the
fiber/matrix interface that may reduce the mechanical properties.
Types of alignment Types of alignment
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5.0 Conclusion
Variety of angle of orientation will reduce the mechanical properties of
Polymer Matrix Composite(PMC).
Tensile test and water absorption test proved that mechanical properties
and physical properties of Polymer Matrix Composite (PMC) is highly
depended on the thickness of the laminates.
The multidirectional orientation absorbed more quantity of water than
the bidirectional orientation.
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6.0 Recommendation
The thickness of Polymer Matrix Composite(PMC) should be varied in order to find the
optimum thickness for the PMC
The study should be conducted with different type of reinforced material in order to
optimized the effect of alignment of reinforced material
Orientation of angle should be varied in order to find the optimum orientation of laminates
which could enables to increase its mechanical properties.
7 0 R f
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7.0 Referencesi. Smith, W. F., Foundations of Materials Science 4th edition. McGraw Hill., 2005
ii. David, R., INTRODUCTION TO COMPOSITE MATERIALS. Department of Materials Science
and Engineering., 2000
iii. Kakani, S.L., MATERIAL SCIENCE. NEW AGE INTERNATIONAL PUBLISHERS,. 2006iv. R. Bruce., AN INTRODUCTION TO THERMOSETS. Academic Press, San Diego,. 1997
v. K. G. Satish et al., Characterization of In-Plane Mechanical Properties of Laminated
Hybrid Composites. Journal of Minerals & Materials Characterization & Engineering, Vol.
9, No.2, pp.105-114,. 2010
vi. D.K. Patel et al., A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF EFFECTS ON CHARACTERISTIC PROPERTIESOF FRP COMPOSITES WHEN EXPOSED TO DISTILLED WATER, NaCl- WATER SOLUTION
AND SEA WATER SEPARATELY. Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering
National Institute of Technology., 2008
vii. R.David., INTRODUCTION TO COMPOSITE MATERIALS. Department of Materials Science
and Engineering. 2000
viii. P.K. Mallick., Fiber-Reinforced Composites Materials, Manufacturing, and Design. Taylor& Francis Group, LLC.. 2007
ix. C.H. Shen et al., Moisture Absorption and Desorption of Composite Materials.
Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Michigan., 1975
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The end..
Q&A Session
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Discussion
From the experiment, we can conclude that bidirectional alignment will
give a better mechanical properties such as strength than the
multidirectional alignment.
this is because the external tensile load is equally distributed on all the
fibers and transmitted along the axis of the fibers.
Whereas in case of other fiber orientations, fiber axes is non-parallel to
load axis, resulting in off axis pulling of fibers and increased stress
concentration causing the earlier failure of laminates.
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0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
5 layer
multi
directional
5 layer
bidirectional
7 layer
multi
directional
7 layer
bidirectional
Young Modulus for each type of thickness and
orientation
From the bar chart above, the highest Young Modulus value is the 7 layer
bidirectional followed by 5 layer bidirectional.
The lowest Young Modulus value is 5 layer multidirectional.
As a conclusion, variety of angle of orientation will reduce the mechanical
properties of the Polymer Matrix Composite (PMC)
Young Modulus
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0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
Wateraborbtion(%)
Water Absorption For Each Types Of Thickness And
Orientation In Term Of Percentage
7 layer
multidirectional
7 layer
bidirectional5 layer
multidirectional5 layer
bidirectional
From the chart above, it can be observed that the highest
water absorption percentage is 7 layer multidirectional laminatefollowed by 7 layer bidirectional laminates and the lowest is 5
layer
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