Wartime Effects and Trends

AP U.S. History

Women

● Large numbers of white women were hired by factories and other jobs never before open to them.

● Resented and ridiculed by male workers. After war almost all returned to traditional

“women's jobs”● Continued to campaign for women's

suffrage.

Racial Minorities

● Labor shortage opened jobs to Mexican-Americans and Blacks.

● W.E.B. DuBois supported war effort in the hope that a war to make the world safe for democracy would bring a better life for blacks in the U.S.

● ½ million Southern blacks migrated to cities.

Prohibition● Stressed need for military personnel to

be sober● Need to conserve grain● Depicted Germans as disgusting beer

drinkers● Constitutional Amendment passed to

ban alcohol. Cigarette consumption increases.

Peacemaking● Fourteen Points

Open peace treaties Freedom of the seas Free trade Arms reduction Fair adjustment of colonial claims Create a League of Nations

● Many U.S. citizens opposed a peace plan that risked American involvement in another war.

Treaty of Versailles

● “Big Four”● Provisions

League of Nations Germany held responsible New nations created German colonies broken up

The Senates response

● Irreconcilables-thought that the U.S. should not be a member of the League under any circumstances.

● Reservationists-accept the treaty with some changes. Henry Cabot Lodge

● Wilson went on public speaking tour● U.S. did NOT join the League.

Consequences of War

● U.S. enters as economic and political leader of the world.

● Bitterness and economic turmoil lead to WWII.

● 18th Amendment● 19th Amendment● Strikes for higher wages