afghan water task progress report september 7, 2006 eros data center, sioux falls, sd gregg j. wiche...
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Afghan Water Task Progress Report September 7, 2006
EROS Data Center, Sioux Falls, SD
Gregg J. WicheDoug G. Emerson
U. S. Geological SurveyBismarck, ND
B1: Streamflow Characteristics for the B1: Streamflow Characteristics for the Helmand River BasinHelmand River Basin
Digitize all daily streamflow for the period of record
Develop a standard set of streamflow characteristics for each gage with 10 or more years of record
Goals
B1: Streamflow Characteristics for the B1: Streamflow Characteristics for the Helmand River BasinHelmand River Basin
Digitized all daily streamflow for 43 stations with 591 station years of record
Digitized daily storage for 2 reservoirs with 47 station years of record
Developed a standard set of streamflow characteristics for each gage with 10 or more years of record—90 percent complete
Accomplishments
B1: Streamflow Characteristics for the B1: Streamflow Characteristics for the Helmand River BasinHelmand River Basin
Digitized daily streamflow for all stations:
Web based delivery via USGS NWIS
CD version by October 31, 2006
Standard streamflow characteristics for each gage with 10 or more years of record
Web based delivery by October 31, 2006
Deliverables
B2: Recovery of Historical Surface Water B2: Recovery of Historical Surface Water Information for the Helmand River BasinInformation for the Helmand River Basin
Recover all station description documents
Develop pdf file of stage-discharge ratings for each gage
Goals
B2: Recovery of Historical Surface Water B2: Recovery of Historical Surface Water Information for the Helmand River BasinInformation for the Helmand River Basin
Scanned station description documents for 10 stations in the Helmand River Basin
Scanned stage-discharge rating for 10 gages
Developed a 9-207 form (discharge measurement information) for 10 stations
Accomplishments
B2: Recovery of Historical Surface-Water B2: Recovery of Historical Surface-Water Information for the Helmand River BasinInformation for the Helmand River Basin
Provide electronic documents to Afghan hydrologists involved in reestablishment of gaging stations
Deliverables
B3: Recovery of Historical Surface Water B3: Recovery of Historical Surface Water Information for other Basins in AfghanistanInformation for other Basins in Afghanistan
Digitize all daily streamflow for about 100 gaging stations in Afghanistan, outside the Helmand Basin
Provide public access to the data
Goals
B3: Recovery of Historical Surface Water B3: Recovery of Historical Surface Water Information for other Basins in AfghanistanInformation for other Basins in Afghanistan
Kabul (Indus) River Basin
Digitized daily streamflow for 42 stations with 548 years of record
Northern River Basin
Digitized daily streamflow for 6 stations with 66 years of record
Accomplishments
B3: Recovery of Historical Surface Water B3: Recovery of Historical Surface Water Information for other Basins in AfghanistanInformation for other Basins in Afghanistan
Planned for 2007
Deliverables
B4: Water-Balance and Rainfall-Runoff B4: Water-Balance and Rainfall-Runoff Modeling for the Helmand River BasinModeling for the Helmand River Basin
Develop statistical water-balance model for estimating monthly streamflows
Calibrate and verify a precipitation-runoff model of the Upper Helmand River Basin
Provide software and documentation for running the rainfall-runoff model
Goals
B4: Water-Balance and Rainfall-Runoff B4: Water-Balance and Rainfall-Runoff Modeling for the Helmand River BasinModeling for the Helmand River Basin
Stochastic water balance models have been calibrated and verified for four gaging stations in the Helmand Basin
Time series models for generating potential future traces of water-balance inputs (precipitation and potential ET) have been developed
Basin boundaries, stream network, and HRU’s delineated
Loading FAO soils information into the GIS weasel
Accomplishments
B4: Water-balance results for B4: Water-balance results for Helmand River Helmand River
1 2 3 4 5 6 8 10 20 30 40 50 60 80 100
MODEL RUNOFF, IN MILLIMETERS PER MONTH
1
2
3
4
56
8
10
20
30
40
5060
80
100
GA
GE
RU
NO
FF,
IN
MIL
LIM
ET
ER
S P
ER
MO
NT
H
Model versus gage runoff for the Helmand River above Kajakai Reservoir
B4: Water-balance results for B4: Water-balance results for Helmand River Helmand River
1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 20001
2
3
4
56
8
10
20
30
40
5060
80
100
WATER YEAR
RU
NO
FF,
IN M
ILLI
ME
TE
RS
PE
R M
ON
TH
Monthly Runoff for the Helmand River above Kajakai Reservoir(blue: stream gage ; red: water-balance model)
DEM of Helmand River Basin above Kajakai Reservoir(not including Tirin River)
Tirin River
Kajakai Reservoir
Gardandewal
Ghizab
Helmand River above Kajakai Reservoir
Hydrologic Response Units (HRUs) for Helmand River Basin above Kajakai(not including Tirin River)
Tirin River
Helmand River above Kajakai Reservoir
B4: Water-Balance and Rainfall-Runoff B4: Water-Balance and Rainfall-Runoff Modeling for the Helmand River BasinModeling for the Helmand River Basin
Deliverables
Written report summarizing water-balance model methods and results (Sept 30, 2006)
B1: Streamflow Characteristics for the B1: Streamflow Characteristics for the Helmand River Basin--2007Helmand River Basin--2007
Publish Open-file report by January 1, 2007
Produce pdf version of report on web
Produce DC version of data
Goals
Cost
$42,011
B2: Recovery of Historical Surface Water B2: Recovery of Historical Surface Water Information for the Helmand River Basin--Information for the Helmand River Basin--20072007
No additional data has been located. Thus, task has been suspended
Goals
No Costs anticipated
B3: Recovery of Historical Surface Water B3: Recovery of Historical Surface Water Information for other Basins in AfghanistanInformation for other Basins in Afghanistan
Digitize all daily streamflow for about 100 gaging stations in Afghanistan, outside the Helmand Basin
Provide public access to the data
Cost$65,696
B4: Water-Balance and Rainfall-Runoff B4: Water-Balance and Rainfall-Runoff Modeling for the Helmand River BasinModeling for the Helmand River Basin
Use statistical water-balance model to evaluate drought/flood probabilities
Calibrate and verify a precipitation-runoff model of the Upper Helmand River Basin
Provide software and documentation for running the rainfall-runoff model
Prepare and publish USGS SIR report
Goals
B4: Water-Balance and Rainfall-Runoff B4: Water-Balance and Rainfall-Runoff Modeling for the Helmand River Basin--Modeling for the Helmand River Basin--continuecontinue
$227,455
Cost
The EndThe End
Characterization of the 1991 Flood in Characterization of the 1991 Flood in the Helmand River Basinthe Helmand River Basin
Accomplishments
Completed time series of Sistan Marshes water-surface area and volume estimates
Used a snow-water equivalent model to compute water volume estimates for the Helmand River upstream of Kajakai Reservoir
Provided daily water volume estimates for 2003-05 viaAfghanistan website
Estimated daily streamflow for the Helmand River below Kajakai Reservoir
Characterization of the 1991 Flood in Characterization of the 1991 Flood in the Helmand Basinthe Helmand Basin
Goals
Complete indirect measurements of discharge at five locations
Develop a flood hydrograph at each indirect measurement location
Use remote sensing data to compute 1991 flood volumes as acheck of the flood hydrograph
Water volume of Sistan MarshesWater volume of Sistan MarshesB
illio
ns o
f C
ubic
Met
ers
Annual Flow for the Helmand Annual Flow for the Helmand River at Chahar BurjakRiver at Chahar Burjak
19
49
19
50
19
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19
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19
910
2
4
6
8
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12
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16
Vo
lum
e,
in b
illio
n c
ub
ic m
ete
rs
A Recovery of Historic Surface-Water A Recovery of Historic Surface-Water Quality Data of the Helmand River BasinQuality Data of the Helmand River Basin
Entered 470 station years of daily streamflow for 35 streamgaging stations into NWIS
Entered a total of 50 years of mean daily gage heights for 2 reservoirs
Entered a total of 50 years of daily contents for 2 reservoirs
Conducted quality assurance checks of the data
Using NWISWeb to deliver the data via the Afghanistan website
Accomplishments
NWISWeb Afghanistan Station List NWISWeb Afghanistan Station List
Streamflow Loss between Kajakai Streamflow Loss between Kajakai Reservoir and DarweshanReservoir and Darweshan
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
-1.8
-1.6
-1.4
-1.2
-1.0
-0.8
-0.6
-0.4
-0.2
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
Vol
ume
loss
, in
billi
on c
ubic
met
ers
Helmand River below Kajakai Helmand River below Kajakai ReservoirReservoir
A Time Series of the A Time Series of the Helmand RiverHelmand River
Goals
Compiled all available historical rainfall records and developedtechniques to produce orographically-enhanced rainfall estimates
Assembled time-series grids of meteorologic data (rainfall, temperature, humidity, radiation, and wind)
Develop time-series model
A Time Series of the Helmand RiverA Time Series of the Helmand River
Accomplishments
Compiled all available historical rainfall records and developedtechniques to produce orographically-enhanced rainfall estimates
Assembled time-series grids of meteorologic data (rainfall, temperature, humidity, radiation, and wind)
Used grids to estimate snow water equivalent grids for 1957, 1958, 1959, and 2003-05
Started development of time series model
Installation and Demonstration of Installation and Demonstration of a Surface Water Gagea Surface Water Gage
Establish a demonstration gage to be used for initial training and mentoring
Goals
Installation and Demonstration of Installation and Demonstration of a Surface Water Gagea Surface Water Gage
USGS team visited proposed gage site on the Panjshir River near Gulbahar
Cross-section diagram of river obtained
Measurements of bridge and cableway obtained
Task is on hold until final location selected
Accomplishments
Helmand River below Kajakai Helmand River below Kajakai ReservoirReservoirHelmand RIver blw. Kajakai Reservoir
10
110
210
310
410
510
610
710
810
910
1010
Date
Dis
ch
arg
e i
n C
MS
Estimated Q's from bridge measurements Q from Spillway rating