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 AFGHANISTAN THEMATIC REPORT SOCIO-CULTURAL DEVELOPMENT C I V I L - M I L I T A R Y F U S I O N C E N T R E Linda Lavender Humanitarian Affairs & Socio-Cultural Development Knowledge Manager [email protected]  he United States Agency for International Development (USAID) estimates that there are currently 1.3 billion people worldwide between the ages of 12 and 24, which is roughly equivalent to 18% of the global population. In addition, USAID anticipates that this number will increase to 1.5 billion by 2035. According to the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) , developing countries, including Afghanistan, are experiencing population booms. In fact, Afghanistan is the world’s fastest growing country at an annual rate of 2.8%, according to the 2011 Population Reference Bureau (PRB) dataset. The rapid increase in youth population produces what is often referred to as a “youth bulge”. This is a key concern in the development and stability of poor nations states Henrik Urdal in a 2004 report for the World Bank. This thematic report discusses the nature of Afghanistan’s current youth bulge and the reasons why the large youth population in Afghanistan has been described as a source of concern. Finally, this document reviews a selection of initiatives that have been undertaken in response to the “young bulge” in order to better serve the needs of Afghanistan’s children and young adults. The Youth Bulge: What Is It and Why Is It Important? “Youth bulge” is the demographic terminology commonly used to describe a population in which the proportion of young people is significantly large in comparison to other, older age groups. According to the UN-affiliated  Integrated Regional Informati on Network (  IRIN ), UN agencies define the youth bulge as  large cohorts (in excess of 20%) between the ages of 15 and 24 relative to the total adult population. Other definitions expand the range to include the 15 to 29 age group. Research conducted in the 1990s found that a correlation exists between countries prone to civil wars and those with unusually large youth populations, says a 2007 Council on Foreign Relations (CFR) background paper by Lionel Beehner. The CFR paper posits that a lack of jobs or development within a country may lead to the disillusionment of the youth and could possibly result in societal unrest (see  Arab Spring). “It all depends on whether the expectations of youth are met, ” says Carl Haub, senior demographer at the PBR  and co-author of the 2009 World Population Data Sheet. By the mid-2000s, however, a more nuanced understanding of youth and conflict emerged, according to a 2010 USAID technical brief . Further research suggested that political and economic conditions  (and not the youth population in and of itself) were significant determinants of conflict. Urdal’s 2004 report for the World Bank found that it is the combination of a country’s poor economic performance and a youth bulge that could be potentially “explosive.” Urdal found, as did Haub, that youth bulges can amplify existing social tensions and unrest to the point of conflict. T This report briefly discusses the ‘youth bulge’ within Afghanistan and explores the ways in with the Afghan government, international organisati ons and NGOs are working to address this issue. Further information is avail able online at www.cimicweb.org.  Hyperlinks to source material are highlighted in blue and underlined in the text.  The Youth Bulge in Afghanistan: Challenges and Opportunities ctober 2011 Comprehensive Information on Complex Crises

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Page 1: Afghanistan's Youth Bulge

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http://www.cimicweb.org/
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http://www.usaid.gov/
mailto:[email protected]
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http://www.stimson.org/spotlight/looking-to-the-future-anticipating-the-long-term-impact-of-afghanistans-youth-bulge/
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http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=88372
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http://www.npr.org/2011/03/31/134982528/arab-revolutions-inspire-afghan-youth
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http://iwpr.net/report-news/afghans-struggle-earn-living
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http://www.ilo.org/global/lang--en/index.htm
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http://www.undp.org.af/whoweare/undpinafghanistan/Projects/dcse/prj_youth.htm
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http://www.aisa.org.af/
https://webmail.cimicweb.org/owa/?ae=Item&a=Open&t=IPM.Note&id=RgAAAADRifamWY4%2fSqpEfOYzFoSEBwCpTKhuwEy6R5o512SeA4yHAGIzq0EuAACpTKhuwEy6R5o512SeA4yHAGKJwvdVAAAJ
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