africa r&d for accra july 2013
TRANSCRIPT
Agricultural Research, Extension and Education in AfricaStocktaking and Future Challenges
Accra (July, 2013)
2
2003NARIs – working largely independently, funding eroding
T&V prevalent – 100K extensionists around Africa
Ag universities struggling
SROs – ASARECA and CORAF small but growing, SACCAR gone
SPAAR becoming FARA – FARA not yet Pillar lead agency
CGIAR strong but very independent actor
Fragmented external support - projects
Idea of CAADP emerging – but not yet clear what to do
3
2008NARIs stagnation continues
T&V in decline – nothing to replace it at scale, many interesting boutique approaches
Ag universities struggling - Tsunami of students, continued decline
Fragmented support from partners - projects
CGIAR strong but very independent actor
CAADP process starting in earnest FAAP developed country level processes launched FARA and SROs emerging as strong players
FAAP advocates:Use of agreed design principles for research, extension, and
education – reform where needed
Scale up of investment in research, extension and education – particularly at regional/continental level
Alignment with CGIAR and take better advantage of its resources
Harmonization of external support
Human Capital approach – this leads to profitability, capital accumulation at farm level, and transfer and adoption (so not T&V) integration of University and Research Effort
African institutions to lead this
FAAP’s recommendations
Extension - human capital approach – build capacities of farmers to be good critical thinkers, profitable, able to access information and funding and build capital stock, better able to use purchased inputs Decentralization Farmer control Pluralism
Research – alignment with priorities, closer alignment with universities, strategic use of regional resources, coordination of effort
Education – scale-up, reform, responsiveness to sectoral priorities, regional approaches, stronger links to research programs - less fragmentation of support
Build on CAADP IPs
Selected Accomplishments of FARA and SRO MDTFsScale-up of Programs
Coherence - Comprehensive Strategic Plans and MTOPs
Core Budget – roughly one third to one half of total
Administrative Capacity – established
Leadership role – established (but only partially realized)
2013 – Foundations for Transformation in Place
Conceptual directions widely agreed Principles and Paradigms agreed (FAAP – and Pillar 4 Strategy, Science
Agenda) Roles at each level agreed Research priority studies for all sub-regions
Supra-national Institutions in place to lead, support reform, coordinate investment On Research – SROs and FARA scaled up and administratively capable On Extension – AFAAS solidly launched On Education – TEAM Africa solidly launched
Relationship w/ CGIAR strengthening (Dublin Process)
CAADP processes and IPs at Country and Regional Levels
Harmonization of support at Continental and Regional levels
Scale of programs at supra-national levels Regional Ag Research Institutions
ASARECA (US$93 Million) CORAF (US$120 Million) CCARDESA (US$50 Million) FARA (US$108 Million)
Regional Centers of Excellence in Ag Research West Africa (US$500 Million) East Africa (US$120 Million) Southern Africa (US$90 Million)
AFAAS (US$17 Million)
Tertiary Agricultural Education TEAM Africa (US$8 Million) Regional Projects (US$150 Million) MDTF Investment Fund (? Million)
External support at supra-national levels:DPs launched – WB followed
2006 – from a group of DPs - $ 25 M / year
from WB - $ 0 M / year
2013 – from a group of DPs - $ 70 M / year
from WB - $ 180 M / year
While Foundations for Progress are in place …..
….. Transformative progress not yet achieved
Africa - Labor & Land Productivity Low
10
100
1,000
10,000
100 1,000 10,000 100,000
Agricultural output per worker (log scale)
Agr
icul
tura
l out
put p
er h
ecta
re o
f lan
d (lo
g sc
ale)
Australia & New Zealand
N America
W Europe
Japan & S Korea
Former USSR
W Asia & N Africa
Latin America
Sub-Saharan Africa
ChinaS Asia
South Africa
E Europe
SE Asia
1000 ha/worker
100 ha/worker
10 ha/worker
1 ha/worker0.1 ha/worker
Source: Fuglie, 2011
African Agriculture – Sources of
Growth
0.80
1.00
1.20
1.40
1.60
1.80
2.00
1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
Gro
wth
inde
x (b
ase:
197
1-73
=1)
Output
Inputs
TFP
Growth has been driven by
more land, labor, (and small farms) …..
.…. not by productivity
Little change (or decline) in
Human Capital
Purchased variable inputs
Non-land Physical capital
14Human capital on farms very
low
Source: World Bank SHIP files, 2012
Capital per farm - low and
falling
FAAP approaches can help Reformed extension – raise human capital at farm level (which
will lead to capital accumulation as well) – also (but not only) technology transfer – greater farmer control, pluralism in delivery ….. And scale up
Reformed research – regional systems (not isolated national systems) – specialization – stronger links to university systems – demand driven elements at national level and below – pluralism in delivery – strategic investment - more effective partnerships w/ CGIAR ….. And scale up
Reformed ag education and training – raise human capital at professional levels - stronger links to research system – regional approaches – responsiveness of curriculum for relevance …… And scale up
Important elements of the FAAP agenda not yet done
Scale up, capacity building, and reform at national level
Regional approaches
Greater focus of FARA and SROs on core roles (including supporting evolution at national level)
Further reduction in fragmentation of effort
Challenges at national levelDespite wide-spread commitment to FAAP
principles and CAADP processes – reform limited so far and programs less effective than they could be
Extension and Education not sufficiently present in IPs
Growth in budgets inadequate - resource constraints matter
Making this happen is difficult
Challenges for Continental and Regional StructuresRapid growth of SROs and FARA
Continued proliferation of projects (diverting attention from core functions)
Developing capacity to bring FAAP to bear at national level
Dependence on (weak) national capacity to carry out regional priorities
Developing sustained and focused investments on strategic priorities (Centers of excellence) – not just spreading it around
Demonstrating and recording and communicating impact
But Africa now in a good position to go forward
Implementing FAAPLeadership and technical work from FARA, SROs,
AFAAS, TEAM Africa
Development of materials to lay out implications of FAAP for program, institutional design
FARA / SROs / AFAAS / TEAM Africa to support application of FAAP principles at country level
Scale-up of strategic programs at regional and continental level
Work streams to support Transformation Agenda
Ensure funding of FARA, SROs, AFAAS, and TEAM Africa where they focus on agreed roles and the Transformation Agenda
Support strategic regional investments in research and education
Scale-up and harmonization of support for REE at county level (on FAAP-consistent programs that are part of CAADP IPs) w/ integration of research and university programs
Support CAADP – CGIAR alignment and collaboration on technology platform
Focus on impact – but do not neglect long-term capacity building
Embed REE in CAADP