africa. sub-saharan africa: south of sahara desert sub-saharan africa: south of sahara desert...
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Africa
Sub-Saharan Africa: south of Sahara desert–Rainforests–Mtns.–Savannas (grasslands)
Great Rift Valley–40 miles wide, 2,000 ft deep
–2,000-3,000 miles long
Village Life Matrilineal—trace ancestry
through mother Husband’s family gives bride’s
family iron tools, animals, & cloth Boys & girls at 12 take part in
adulthood ceremonies
Africans- polytheists–Believe spirits of dead live among them
Adopted ideas from Arabs (Islam) & Europeans (Christianity)
Nubia 2000 BC: upper Nile
River Under Egyptian control Gold, ivory, pyramids 700s BC: Nubian
pharaohs rule Egypt until Axum invaded Nubia
Axum 500 BC Traded w/ Rome
Ivory, gold, exotic animals Christian kingdom along
Red Sea Muslim raids forced them to
interior--Ethiopia
Ghana (300-1200 AD)–Located between salt & gold mines
–Trans-Saharan trade (across the desert)
–Salt=most important–Conquered by Muslims
Mali–Small state in Ghana
Sundiata Keita–1200s took old lands of Ghana–Cleared land for
farming=surpluses–Peanuts, rice, sorghum, yams,
beans, onions, wheat
Mansa Musa ruled 1312-1332–Introduced Islam–Built mosques in Timbuktu
–Went on hajj
Songhai–Niger River–1400s Sunni Ali—took over TimbuktuDivided into provinces Laws based on Islam1589-attacked by Moroccans (w/ firearms)
Zimbabwe “Great House of Stone”
Between Zambezi & Limpopo Rivers Large stone forts 1400s-declined for unknown
reasons
Great Zimbabwe Ruins
The Americas
Migrated from Asia 11,500 yrs. ago–Bering Strait
Olmecs 1200 BC – 400 BC “Rubber people” 1st Mexicans to build pyramids Jade carvings Colossal heads (large stone
heads) Ball game with rubber ball
Mayas (until 900 AD) Yucatan Peninsula Trade- cacao bean used as $ Agriculture- farmers paid taxes in
produce & time Members of royal family inbreed Nobles drank hot chocolate (drinking
money)
Mothers tied boards to infants heads to flatten skulls (considered beautiful)
Filed down teeth & covered w/ jade
Blood rituals & human sacrifices
Observatories – towers to “observe” the night sky
900s cities abandoned–Invasion?–Famine?–Epidemic?–Peasant revolt?
Aztecs Most glorious & goriest Nomads until settled on island in Lake
Texcoco– city Tenochtitlan (200,000 people)
Pyramid-temples Chinampas- farming maize (corn),
squash, beans, peppers Human sacrifices Warfare- way of capturing sacrifices
1519- Spaniard Hernan Cortes–Have cannons & firearms –Cortes allied w/ tribes tired of
Montezuma–600 Spaniard w/ a few
thousand allies conquered Aztecs
IncasSouth America- Andes Mtns.
Terrace farmingQuipus- knots tied in rope for record keeping
Quechua- languagePotatoes
Polytheistic- human sacrifices
Conquered by Francisco Pizarro 1533
Look at the above picture. How are these customs similar?
China in the Middle Ages
Sui Dynasty 500s – 600s
Grand Canal–World’s oldest & longest 1,114 mi.
http://www.tour-beijing.com/hangzhou_attractions/grand_canal.php
http://www.chinatour2u.com/images/Grand%20Canal1.jpg
Tang Dynasty 600s – 900s
Golden AgeZen Buddhism – meditation
ConfucianismRice & tea
Sung Dynasty (900s – 1200s)
Wealthy classFoot binding – women of the house didn’t have to work – sign of wealth
http://www.travelpod.com/travel-blog-entries/wakingdream/interim-2007/1180454640/tpod.html
http://blog.asiahotels.com/strange-cultural-habits-in-china/footbinding/
http://library.thinkquest.org/05aug/01257/foot.html
Mongols Mounted warriors – cavalry Genghis Khan “Universal Ruler”
– Conquered Beijing Grandson Kublai Khan
– Conquered the rest of China Grandson Batu
– Invaded Russia & Europe– Golden Horde
Marco Polo
Merchant & explorer @ 17 left Venice for China Traveled around China for 17 yrs.
Japan
Japan Archipelago –
island chain Kamikaze
“Divine Wind” – typhoon that stopped Mongol invasion
http://hhh.gavilan.edu/mturetzky/Pols3/Lecture6TheJapanesePoliticalSystem.htm
Shinto Only found in Japan “Way of the kami” – nature
spirits No scripture or doctrine Prayers & rituals to please
“kami” Existed alongside Zen
Buddhism
Torii – Shinto shrine
http://www.tripadvisor.com/LocationPhotos-g298561-d306478-Granvia_Hiroshima_Hotel-Hiroshima_Hiroshima_Prefecture_Chugoku.html
Japan’s Feudal System Emperor Shogun – general controlled
military, $, & laws Daimyo – local lords Samurai – warriors hired by
lords for protection Peasants
Bushido Code of the samurai “way of
the warrior” Bravery, loyalty, honor Seppuku or “hara-kiri”–
ceremonial suicide to avoid dishonor
http://library.thinkquest.org/05aug/00716/thesamurai.html