AFRICAN INDEPENDENCE
ESSENTIAL QUESTION
• What were the effects of the European colonization of Africa?
EUROPEAN HYPOCRISY• Euro nations fought to rid themselves of Nazi
oppression, but still colonized Africa.
INFERIORITY COMPLEX
• Euros would teach Africans that African culture was not as good.
BRAIN DRAIN
• Many educated Africans leave, prefer to live in Europe.
NATURAL RESOURCES
• Africa’s mineral wealth and agricultural wealth benefitted Europeans.
DESERTIFICATION
• Growing deserts, shrinking water supply.
FAMINE
• Many Africans do not get enough to eat.
TRIBAL CONFLICTS
• Europeans would favor some ethnic groups over other ethnic groups.
AIDS
• Africans suffer in larger numbers than other continents.
APARTHEID
• Keeping races separate in South Africa.• Power and privileges reserved for whites.
AFRICAN NATIONALISM
• Desire to be free of European Colonizers.
ESSENTIAL QUESTION
• Were there any nations that gained independence non-violently?
EGYPT
• Peacefully granted independence from British.
NELSON MANDELA
• Won election as President of South Africa.• Signaled end of Apartheid.
MOROCCO AND TUNISIA
• Peacefully gained independence from French.
ESSENTIAL QUESTION
• Were there any nations that gained independence violently?
ALGERIA
• Fought eight year battle to gain independence from France.
• Over 1 million dead before victory.
MAU-MAU REBELLION
• Kenyans stage violent overthrow of British colonizers.
• Lost, but Britain granted independence later.
GHANA
• Staged ‘general strike’ of workers in protest to British colonization.
• Lost but gained independence later.
RWANDA
• Nation controlled by Belgium.
TUTSIS
• Ethnic group favored by Belgians.• Controlled law enforcement, education.
HUTUS
• Ethnic group not favored by Belgians.
GENOCIDE
• Many Hutus wanted to kill all the Tutsis.