africa’s economic conditions: implications for adped’s mission

AFRICA’S ECONOMIC AFRICA’S ECONOMIC CONDITIONS:CONDITIONS:

IMPLICATIONS FOR IMPLICATIONS FOR ADPED’S MISSIONADPED’S MISSION

Presented At The ADPED’s Meeting of

March 8, 2003

Table 1 Basic indicators for all Member States adapted from Annex Table 1 Basic indicators for all Member States, World Health Report 2002Country Total population (000) 2001 Annual grow th

rate (%) 1991 - 2001

Doubling Time in years

Dependency ratio (per 100) 2001

Life expectancy at birth (years)

Both sexes 2000


Both sexes 2001

Niger 11226 3.5 20.0 108 42.4 42.5Somalia 9156 2.4 29.2 102 43.3 43.1Angola 13527 3.2 21.9 104 36.4 36.1Uganda 24022 3.0 23.3 108 45.8 46.4Mali 11676 2.6 26.9 101 45 45.2Liberia 3107 4.0 17.5 83 45.6 46.2Ethiopia 64458 2.8 25.0 93 47.5 48Burundi 6501 1.2 58.3 100 40.8 40.4Burkina Faso 11855 2.5 28.0 108 42.8 42.9Democratic Republic of the Congo 52521 3.2 21.9 108 44 43.8Chad 8134 3.1 22.6 99 48.2 48.6Malaw i 11571 1.8 38.9 97 36.6 36.3Sierra Leone 4587 1.1 63.6 90 32.8 34.2Congo 3109 3.1 22.6 99 52.7 52.9Sao Tome and Principe 140 1.8 38.9 77 64 64.3Mozambique 18644 2.9 24.1 89 45.2 44.8Guinea-Bissau 1226 2.4 29.2 89 47.3 47.3Mauritania 2746 3.0 23.3 90 51.9 52Guinea 8273 2.7 25.9 88 51.4 51.9Djibouti 643 2.2 31.8 87 49 49.3Equatorial Guinea 469 2.7 25.9 91 53.5 53.7Rwanda 7948 2.1 33.3 88 41.3 40.7Madagascar 16436 2.9 24.1 91 54.7 54.8Benin 6445 3.0 23.3 95 52.1 52.1Zambia 10648 2.5 28.0 98 37 36.8Nigeria 116928 2.8 25.0 92 51.6 51.6

Table 1 Basic indicators for all Member States adapted from Annex Table 1 Basic indicators for all Member States, World Health Report 2002Country Total population (000) 2001 Annual growth

rate (%) 1991 - 2001

Doubling Time in years

Dependency ratio (per 100) 2001


Both sexes 2000


Both sexes 2001

Nigeria 116928 2.8 25.0 92 51.6 51.6Togo 4656 2.8 25.0 90 51.8 51.7Eritrea 3815 2.0 35.0 88 44.7 53.6Gabon 1261 2.7 25.9 86 59.1 59.3Senegal 9661 2.5 28.0 87 55.6 55.8United Republic of Tanzania 35964 2.9 24.1 89 46.5 46.5Comoros 726 3.0 23.3 83 61.6 61.8Central African Republic 3781 2.3 30.4 89 42.7 42.7Namibia 1787 2.3 30.4 90 50.6 48.8Gambia 1337 3.3 21.2 76 58.3 58.5Côte d'Ivoire 16348 2.3 30.4 81 46.2 45.9Cameroon 15202 2.4 29.2 87 50.5 49.7Zimbabw e 12851 2.0 35.0 93 37.7 36.8Sudan 31809 2.3 30.4 77 56.6 55.9Lesotho 2057 1.8 38.9 77 41.9 40Swaziland 937 1.8 38.9 82 42.1 40.2Ghana 19733 2.4 29.2 78 57.3 57.4Kenya 31292 2.5 28.0 84 49.7 48.9Botsw ana 1553 2.0 35.0 81 41.1 39.1Libyan Arab Jamahiriya 5407 2.1 33.3 58 70 70.4Cape Verde 436 2.3 30.4 77 69.2 69.5Morocco 30430 1.9 36.8 62 69.3 69.4Egypt 69079 1.9 36.8 64 66.3 66.5Algeria 30841 1.9 36.8 62 68.9 69.4South Africa 43791 1.7 41.2 60 51.2 49Tunisia 9561 1.4 50.0 53 70.9 71.1Mauritius 1170 0.9 77.8 46 71.3 71.1Seychelles 81 1.4 50.0 46 70.9 71.1

Table 2 Deaths by cause, sex and mortality stratum in Africa estimates for 2001 Category Type Disease Total % of deaths Cumulative

I. Communicable diseases, maternal and perinatal conditions and nutritional

Infectious and parasitic diseases

HIV/AIDS 2196956 21% 21%I. Communicable diseases, maternal and perinatal conditions and nutritional

Respiratory infections Lower respiratory infections

1025455 10% 30%I. Communicable diseases, maternal and perinatal conditions and nutritional


Malaria 962736 9% 39%I. Communicable diseases, maternal and perinatal conditions and nutritional


Diarrhoeal diseases 702822 7% 46%I. Communicable diseases, maternal and perinatal conditions and nutritional


Childhood diseases 695187 7% 52%I. Communicable diseases, maternal and perinatal conditions and nutritional

Perinatal conditions Perinatal conditions 576278 5% 58%I. Communicable diseases, maternal and perinatal conditions and nutritional


Measles 426743 4% 62%I. Communicable diseases, maternal and perinatal conditions and nutritional


Tuberculosis 335142 3% 65%II. Noncommunicable conditions Cardiovascular

diseasesIschaemic heart disease

333350 3% 68%II. Noncommunicable conditions Cardiovascular

diseasesCerebrovascular disease


Maternal conditions Maternal conditions 239850 2% 73%III. Injuries Unintentional Road traffic accidents 179274 2% 75%I. Communicable diseases, maternal and perinatal conditions and nutritional


Pertussis 157196 1% 76%III. Injuries Intentional War 121446 1% 77%III. Injuries Intentional Violence 116557 1% 78%II. Noncommunicable conditions Respiratory diseases Chronic obstructive

pulmonary disease116045 1% 80%



Tetanus 109810 1% 81%III. Injuries Unintentional Other unintentional

injuries105482 1% 82%



STDs excluding HIV 102409 1% 82%I. Communicable diseases, maternal and perinatal conditions and nutritional

Nutritional deficiencies Protein-energy malnutrition



Syphilis 98568 1% 84%III. Injuries Unintentional Drowning 92271 1% 85%II. Noncommunicable conditions Diseases of the

genitourinary systemNephritis/nephrosis 80179 1% 86%

II. Noncommunicable conditions Digestive diseases Cirrhosis of the liver 69137 1% 87%II. Noncommunicable conditions Congenital

abnormalitiesCongenital abnormalities

67186 1% 87%II. Noncommunicable conditions Malignant neoplasms Liver cancer 63693 1% 88%I. Communicable diseases, maternal and perinatal conditions and nutritional


Tropical diseases 63029 1% 88%II. Noncommunicable conditions Malignant neoplasms Cervix uteri cancer 59140 1% 89%II. Noncommunicable conditions Diabetes mellitus Diabetes mellitus 54486 1% 89%II. Noncommunicable conditions Cardiovascular

diseasesHypertensive heart disease



Trypanosomiasis 48813 0% 90%II. Noncommunicable conditions Malignant neoplasms Prostate cancer 45164 0% 91%II. Noncommunicable conditions Malignant neoplasms Lymphomas, multiple

myeloma39291 0% 91%

II. Noncommunicable conditions Malignant neoplasms Breast cancer 38054 0% 92%III. Injuries Unintentional Poisoning 37414 0% 92%II. Noncommunicable conditions Malignant neoplasms Stomach cancer 37063 0% 92%II. Noncommunicable conditions Nutritional/endocrine

disordersNutritional/endocrine disorders

36516 0% 93%III. Injuries Unintentional Fires 36376 0% 93%II. Noncommunicable conditions Cardiovascular

diseasesInflammatory heart disease

34076 0% 93%II. Noncommunicable conditions Malignant neoplasms Mouth and oropharynx

cancers33497 0% 94%

II. Noncommunicable conditions Cardiovascular diseases

Rheumatic heart disease

28734 0% 94%III. Injuries Intentional Self-inflicted 28658 0% 94%II. Noncommunicable conditions Malignant neoplasms Oesophagus cancer 26924 0% 94%II. Noncommunicable conditions Malignant neoplasms Colon/rectum cancer 26093 0% 95%I. Communicable diseases, maternal and perinatal conditions and nutritional

Nutritional deficiencies Vitamin A deficiency 24337 0% 95%

Area( ´ 000 km)

1997 1997 1996 1995 1997 1997 1997Algeria 2382 29.5 1490 107 38 69 4.4 1.3Angola 1247 11.6 340 74 47 48 111.1 7.6Benin 113 5.7 380 76 63 56 3.6 5.6Bostwana 600 1.5 3260 112 30 51 8.7 6.9Burinka Faso 274 11.1 240 39 81 47 2.3 5.5Burundi 28 6.4 180 49 65 48 31.2 0.4Cameroon 475 13.9 650 85 37 57 1.5 5.1Cape Verde 4 0.4 1090 135 28 66 8.7 3CentralAfrican RepChad 1284 6.7 240 65 52 48 5.6 6.5Comoros 2 0.7 400 73 43 58 1.9 0Congo 342 2.7 660 111 26 51 8.3 -1.9Congo, Dem. Rep 2345 48 110 70 23 54 175.5 -5.7Côte d´ I voire 323 14.3 690 71 60 52 5.6 6Djibouti 22 0.6 .. 39 54 51 3.7 2.4Eqypt 1001 64.5 1180 102 49 67 4.6 5.1

40 49 1.1 5.1623 3.4 320 60

CountryPopulat. Mllions

GNP per Capita (US$/ $EU)

Primary School Enrolmen

Adult I lliteracy Rate (% )

Life Expectancy (Years/ Ans)

CPI I nflation (% )

GDP Growth (% )

Area( ´ 000 km)

1997 1997 1996 1995 1997 1997 1997

Equat. Guinea 28 0.4 1050 .. 22 51 3 76.1Eritrea 118 3.4 210 54 50 51 .. 7.9Ethiopia 1104 60.1 110 43 65 51 -3.7 5.6Gabon 268 1.1 4230 .. 37 56 4 4.1Gambia 11 1.1 350 78 61 48 2.8 0.8Ghana 239 18.3 370 76 36 59 27.9 4.2Ghinea 246 7.6 570 50 64 47 1.9 4.8

Guinea Bissau 36 1.1 240 70 45 44 49.1 5Kenya 583 28.4 330 84 22 56 12 2.1Lesotho 30 2.1 670 97 29 59 8.8 6.2Liberia 111 2.5 .. 33 62 55 10 ..Libya 1760 5.8 .. 112 24 66 25 2.4Madagascar 587 15.8 250 73 58 59 4.5 3.6Malawi 119 10.1 220 133 44 41 9.1 5.1Mali 1240 11.5 260 37 69 49 -0.4 6.7Mauritania 1031 2.4 450 83 62 54 4.6 5.1Maurutius 2 1.1 3800 107 17 72 6.9 5Morocco 447 27.5 1250 84 56 67 0.9 -2Mozambique 802 18.3 90 62 60 48 5.5 12.4Namibia 823 1.6 2220 131 56 56 8.8 1.8

Basic Indicators on African Countries - Comparison






CPI Inflation (% )

GDP Growth (% )

Area( ´ 000 km)

1997 1997 1996 1995 1997 1997 1997Namibia 823 1.6 2220 131 56 56 8.8 1.8Niger 1267 9.8 200 29 86 49 2.9 3.4Nigeria 924 118.4 260 87 43 53 8.2 3.9Rwanda 26 5.9 210 94 40 43 12 10.9Sao Tome&PrincipeSenegal 196 8.8 550 69 67 52 1.7 5.2Seychelles 0.3 0.1 6880 .. 72 .. 0.7 4.3Sierra Leone 72 4.4 .. 52 69 39 13.7 -20.2Somalia 638 10.2 .. 8 .. 50 16.3 ..South Africa 1220 43.3 3400 116 18 66 8.6 1.7Sudan 2506 27.9 280 53 54 56 46.7 4.6Swaziland 17 0.9 1440 129 23 61 18.3 3Tanzania 945 31.5 210 66 32 52 16.1 3.4Togo 57 4.3 330 133 48 51 8.6 2.8Tunisia 164 9.3 2090 114 33 70 3.6 5.4Uganda 236 20.8 330 74 38 43 7.1 5.4Zambia 753 8.5 380 88 22 44 24.8 3.5Zimbabwe 391 11.7 750 113 15 49 18.8 3.2Africa 30060 758.4 677 80 44 54 13.7 3.4

Source: ADB

69 .. 71.3 11 0.1 270 ..

Basic Indicators on African Countries - Comparison






CPI I nflation (% )

GDP Growth (% )

GIVING DATA A HUMAN FACE

Africa’s Economic Condition Micah Cheserem, Governor of the Central Bank of Kenya, May 1996

Only continent with endemic food-deficit problem. Africa has twenty of the world’s thirty poorest nations Inadequate social services in education, health, legalHighest mortality rates (Life expectancy=50 years) Heavily indebted-US $210bn=83% of GNP or 255%of receipts from goods and services.

Africa’ s Economic Condition-Solution Micah Cheserem, Governor of the Central Bank of Kenya, May 1996

Move our economies away from command to market based regimes..

Privatize as much as possible to allow efficient allocation of economic resources.

Encourage regional trading blocks like the East Africa Co-operation, (EAC), Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), Southern Africa Development Community (SADC), Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA)

THE POVERTY MYTHS

Myth 1- Africa is poor, therefore all Africans live in poverty

Myth 2- Poverty is only a third world problem The poor live unhappy, miserable lives People and communities are poor because they lack

resources The poor lack the organizational skills to initiate and

manage their own development The poor are unable to help themselves Hence foreign aid and assistance- the key to reducing

poverty

ADPED’S PERSPECTIVE ON AFRICA’S DEVELOPMENT CHALLENGES

Poor and corrupt leadership Quantitative & qualitative poverty in Africa Qualitative poverty in Africa Diaspora Diaspora Africans- lowest strata of social,

economic, health and political distribution Africa’s massive human capital flight Over-centralization of power & resource control

ADPED’S PERSPECTIVES Non-sustainable economic & political units Ethnic & linguistic barriers to integration Powerlessness of the poor Poor local institutional capacities= Inadequate home-grown policy instruments= Inappropriate foreign-mandated macro-economic policies

(ex. SAP, privatization)

Accentuate the Positive

Incremental institutionalization of democracy Macro-economic data underestimate non-market

economic activities Role of social capital, and non-monetary transactions Growing strengths of CSO, CBOs Regional integration (ECA, ECOWAS) Ex. Common monetary union in ECOWAS (2004) NEPAD & New Africa Union Move towards market-based reforms

ADPED’S CORE VALUES Humans are progress-seeking Poverty in Africa has global implications Continent’s problems are complex Foreign aid- stop-gap measures during crisis Most communities are endowed for self-reliant

development Development must capitalize these endowment Simplistic, linear solution non-sustainable Holistic/systems approach to development Empowerment through decentralized grassroots

development

ADPED’S SOLUTION Empower the poor to take control Local level & Indigenous Institution-building Partnerships and strategic alliances Mobilize Africa’s human capital and goodwill in

the Diaspora Assisted self-reliant, community-led

development Implement model/enclave/demo projects

Associates’ Responsibilities A commitment/passion for helping Sacrifice time, resources, and or talents Focus on others rather than self-gain Propagate ADPED’s ideals Develop linkages with local and external

individuals and institutions Develop a global worldview

PARTING WORDS OF INSPIRATION “The human being is an open possibility, incomplete and

incompletable” Karl Jasper, 1923 “All humanity is bound is together by indispensable ties” “We are what we attend to; the sum total of what we attend to over

time is our life” M. Csikszentmihalyi. Ex. An alcoholic attends to alcohol, a workaholic attends to work, a

philanthropist attends to others’ needs “Hundred years from now, it wont matter what car we drove, what

houses we lived in, or how much we left in our bank accounts, but the world might be a different place by the little gesture of love and kindness extended to a fellow human being”

“He/She who lights someone else’s path walks not in darkness”

PROPOSED ADPED’S LOGO

africa’s economic conditions: implications for adped’s mission

Documents

life expectancy

member states

birth years

basic indicators

sexes 2001niger112263

sexes 2001nigeria1169282

countrytotal population

world health report