After a time of human rights violations the

following questions are asked:

• Who should be held responsible?

• What is justice?

• On Pg. 13A in your notebook, give your own best answer to these questions.

Please do not talk at this time Feb 26

HW: Using Chapter 17, Sec 1, Complete the handout on Restoring the Peace after WWII (back of your Transitional Justice Paper)

After a time of human rights violations the following questions are asked:

• Who should be held responsible?

• What is justice?A “toolbox” of actions and

policies is needed to address these difficult issues and heal the wounds left by oppression and mistreatment

What is Transitional Justice?

• response to systematic or widespread violations of human rights.

• recognition for victims and to promote possibilities for peace, reconciliation and democracy.

• not a special form of justice but justice adapted to societies transforming themselves after a period of pervasive human rights abuse.

• In some cases, these transformations happen suddenly; in others, they may take place over many decades.

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The “Toolbox” of Transitional Justice

Look at the images.

1. What do the “tools” or process represent?

2. What do you think the “tools” are designed to do?

3. How does these “tools” help society move forward or heal?

The “Toolbox” of Transitional Justice Match the title with the right picture and then give examples of each “tool”.

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Titles: criminal prosecutions, education, gender justice, memorials, security system reform, reparations, truth commissions

Security System Reform

• These efforts seek to transform the military, police, and judiciary from instruments of repression and corruption into instruments of public service and integrity.

Criminal Prosecutions

• They are judicial investigations of those responsible for human rights violations. Prosecutors frequently emphasize investigations of the "big fish": suspects considered most responsible for massive or systematic crimes.

Reparations Programs

• They are state-sponsored initiatives that help repair the material and moral damages of past abuse. They may include financial compensation and official apologies.

Gender Justice

• These efforts challenge impunity (exemption from punishment) for sexual- and gender-based violence and ensure women's equal access to remedy human rights violations.

Truth Commissions

• These commissions of inquiry investigate and report on key periods of recent past abuse. They are often official state bodies that make recommendations to remedy such abuse and to prevent its recurrence. People will come and explain their role in abuses with the hope of forgiveness if they apologize.

Education

• Writing textbooks that view the history in an objective way in order that future citizens can look at what occurred and make decisions that do not continue past practices.

Memorialization Efforts

• They include museums and memorials that preserve public memory of victims and raise moral consciousness about past abuse, in order to build a protection against its recurrence.

Toolbox for Transitional Justice- Post WWII

• Security System Reform– New Constitution for Japan– Nazi’s made illegal in

Germany– Laws changed to reduce

military in Japan and Germany

• Criminal Prosecutions – Nuremberg Trials– Japanese war crimes trials

• Reparations- – Returning goods and

money confiscated by Nazis or paying for losses

– Establishing Israel for the Jewish people

• Gender Justice– Women given right to vote in

Japan• Truth Commission/Seeking

– Retelling the horrors of war– Recording the experience of the

holocaust– Preserving Nazi documentation

• Education– New text books– New lessons and educational

standards• Memorials

– Hiroshima– Normandy– Pearl Harbor– Holocaust

The primary objective of a transitional justice policy is to end the culture of impunity

(exemption from punishment or loss or “Getting away with it”)

• halting ongoing human rights abuses; • investigating past crimes; • identifying those responsible for human rights

violations; • imposing sanctions on those responsible • providing reparations to victims; • preventing future abuses; • preserving and enhancing peace; and • fostering individual and national reconciliation.

Turn your paper to the West Vs. East Side.

• I will give you a list of statements.

• Rewrite these statements in the correct boxes.

• Put statements that apply to the US in the US column.

• Put statements that apply to the USSR in the USSR column.

• Put statements that apply to BOTH in the Both column.

• You may simplify statements when you rewrite them.

US Both USSR

Economy Believes in trade and profit at the expense of some of the people.Promotes Capitalism

Wants to spend money on technology and scienceSpent a large portion of the national budget on developing weapons and defense systems

The government should control wealth.The wealth of a country should be shared amongst the whole populationThere should be no competition because it could lead to extreme wealth and extreme poverty.Supports Socialism

Government Wants to control countries that Italy and Japan had conquered during WWIIDistrusts Stalin and his dictatorship.Wants to contain the spread of communism

Used propaganda as a means to influence other countries

Wants to control countries that Germany had conquered during WWIIDistrusts nations that did not come to its immediate aid during WWIIPromotes a weak GermanyWants to spread the influence of communism

Weapons Use whatever means they could, short of war, to gain influence with other countries.Builds up nuclear bombsArmed smaller countries with weaker weapons.

Long-term goals

Financially supported countries that ally themselves with the ideas of democracy and capitalism

Would like to limit the influence of the other.

Financially supported countries that ally themselves with the ideas of communism

Please do not talk at this time Feb 26

• Cold War- From just after WWII until 1991, when the U.S. and the U.S.S.R. competed with one another to increase influence around the world

• Containment- U.S. policy directed at blocking Soviet influence and stopping the expansion of communism.

• Iron Curtain-Europe’s division between mostly democratic Western Europe and Communist Eastern Europe

• Super Power- An extremely powerful nation capable of influencing international events and the acts and policies of less powerful nations.

HW: Please complete a Vocab Word Map (blank copies located in the Templates and Documents folder on the CWI Documents page) for each word:

Record these definitions now.

Use your completed chart and your Chapter 17.1 homework to answer this question on Pg. 14A in your notebook:

What factors might explain the continuing tensions and conflicts between the US and the USSR after WWII?

Cold War Political Cartoons

Get out your East Vs West paper and turn to the Cold War Cartoons Side

In groups of 3, look at each cartoon in the room. All of them are about the Cold War- our next unit.

Fill out the top chart for the first cartoon you go to.Fill out the bottom chart for the cartoon of your

choice.Be ready to discuss your answers!