after the constitution was ratified, the electoral college elected washington unanimously as the...
TRANSCRIPT
After the constitution was ratified, The Electoral College elected Washington unanimously as the first president in 1789 and again in the 1792 election. He chose Jefferson and Hamilton to lead his first cabinet. John Adams, who came in 2nd in the election became the 1st Vice-President.
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Federalist & first Secretary of the Treasury in Washington’s cabinet
Insisted that war debt was a national responsibility to be paid by all states, since all were benefit from independence
Called for national assumption of states’ debts
This also built a sense of American nationalism
Controversy: Most of the debt was held by northerners; sharing debt didn’t seem fair to the South
Jefferson argues that the Jefferson argues that the bank does not fall under bank does not fall under Article I’s “Necessary & Article I’s “Necessary & Proper” clauseProper” clause
Madison & Anti-Federalists Madison & Anti-Federalists also led opposition, saying also led opposition, saying that it was unconstitutionalthat it was unconstitutional
Northern reps voted 33-1 Northern reps voted 33-1 for bank; Southern reps for bank; Southern reps voted 19-6 against itvoted 19-6 against it
This led to the question: This led to the question: Should there be a strict or Should there be a strict or broad interpretation of the broad interpretation of the Constitution? Constitution?
Achievements:
Enhanced the value of the dollar
Secured the government’s credit
Attracted foreign capital
Prosperity began to flourish!
Weaknesses:
Never really understood the people of the farms and frontier
Accused of being an elitist
John Jay sent to England to negotiate:
England stop seizing U.S. ships
Vacate their forts on the northern frontier
Negotiate repayment for stolen crops and slaves at the end of the war
Settle a commercial treaty legalizing U.S. commerce in the West Indies
But Jay returned with 2 only of these met
The Jay Treaty is met with outrage at home but Washington begrudgingly accepts the treaty
Hamilton’s 1791 excise tax on whiskey angered frontier farmers because it taxed their most profitable commodity
The primary cash crop was grain/fruit, from which liquor was made
Summer of 1794: revolts break out in western PA
Washington calls on the army to suppress the rebellion
Set an example of federal law, authority, and follow-through
Established intentions of friendship between the US and Spain
Defined America’s western boundaries
Guarantees an American right to the Mississippi River
Daunting task to come after Washington
Growing tensions with France
The French were plundering American ships and had broken diplomatic relations with the U.S.
Adams restores relations with France, but runs into issues with the XYZ Affair
Quasi War: An undeclared naval war results from the affair
Ideological war between the Federalists and Anti-Federalists (Republicans)
The rhetoric became so heated that things resulted in several duels
The Revolutionary War generation of leaders were not splintering into two sides
Alien-Sedition Acts:
Alien Acts: empowered the President to deport “dangerous” aliens at his discretion;
Sedition Acts: any conspiracy against legal measures of the gov’t was illegal
The Alien and Sedition Acts were seen by Republicans as measures against freedom of speech and assembly
10 convictions under the act: All were Republicans
Jefferson and Madison lead the Republicans in their outspoken anger against the Acts
Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions
Declared the Alien and Sedition Acts as “alarming infractions” on constitutional rights
They were successful, but in reality they were the opening guns of the Republican propaganda for the 1800 Presidential campaign
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