AFTER THE STORM TRUE S T O R I E S O F D I S A S T E R A N D R E C O V E R Y AT S E A

Introduction

I Ariel and Percy Bysshe Shelley Italy, 1822

2 The Elizabeth and Margaret Fuller New York, 1850

3 The Yankee Gale Gulf of St. Lawrence, 1851

4 The Escape of the Calliope Samoa, 1889

5 The Loss of the Portland Massachusetts Bay, 1898

6 Hamrah and the Ameses The North Atlantic, 1935

7 The Wreck of the Pollux Newfoundland, 1942

8 Derelicts Mary Celeste (Azores, 1872) and First Drafi (Gulf Stream, 1996)

9 "Amazing Graces" The Prophet, the Apostle, and the Hymn Writer

lo The Ulysses Generation in the Southern Ocean

Appendix Storm Strategy and Tactics Glossary

Notes

Sources

Acknowledgments

Index

About the Author

Numbers in italic refer to pages with illus- trations, maps, or photographs

A . . abandoned ships, 211-14. See also First

Dray; Mary Celeste Abyssinian Church (Portland, Maine),

112-13 Adler, 89,94,96,97,104 adventuring, amateur, 274-77. See also

"strenuous life" philosophy African Americans, and Portland, 11 1-13 "Alastor, or The Spirit of Solitude:' (Shelley,

Percy Bysshe), 6 Albion, Robert Greenhalgh, 39 Alcott, Bronson, 50 Alice Knowles, 222,224 amateur sailing and racing, 155,157-63,

169-72,264-68 "Amazing Grace" (hymn), 249-52,259 TheAmerican CoastPilot(Blunt),40,43,55 Ames, Dick: and family, 14748, 150-51; on

Hanrrah, 152-53,164,16768,17lL71; memorials to, 180-81; at Merryweather Camp, 148,150. See also Hamrah

Amea, Dorothy Abbott, 147 Ames, Harry: and family, 147, 149, 150; on

Hamrah, 164,167-68,170-71; memori- als to, 180-81.See also Hamrah

Ames, James Barr: buys land in Maine, 138, 139; dcath of, 146 and physical activity, 140 - - -

Ames, lames Barr (younger), 147,148,149, 181-82

Ames, Margaret Fuller Glover: concerns about transatlantic race, 156; and family 147,149,15&51,152; life after accident, 178-80,182-87: naming of, 53

Ames, Phyllis. See Cox, Phyllis Ames Ames, Richard (elder), 147,148,181 Ames, Richard (grandson), 181-82 Ames, Robert Russell: and family, 147-48;

on Hamrah, 151-53,164,16&67, 170-71, 181; memorials to, 181. See also Hamrah

Amoro Vtrgmta, 121 Apia (Samaa),91,92,93,97, IW-101,103

See also Calltope

Ariel: building of, 5, 10, 11, 12; map of route, 16; recovery of, 20; wrecknarra- tive, 1-2,15-17. Seealso Shelley, Percy Bysshe

An AuthenticNnrrative of Some Remarkable undInfereitingParliculurs (Newton), 254,255-57

- Barr, George W., 88,105 "The Ballad of the Calliope" (Paterson),

103,105 Bangs, Capt. Elijah, 34-35 Bangs, Capt. Henry, 28; abandons ship, 47:

backsround of. 34-35: exhaustion of. 55-5;; fate of, 58; makes navigational errors, 4546,54-56; weather tools not used, 4344. See also Elizabeth (1850)

barometers, 43 Bay of Izrici (Italy), 5 4 , 13, 16 Bayslate, 119, 120,125,135 Beach. Dan and Kris. 232. See also First ~7.y

Because the Horn Is There (Smeetan), 7 7 L 7 7 . .

Beck, Horace, 8 Before the Wind (Tyng), 78 beliefs. See faith, of mariners; suprrstitiuns,

and the sea Bennett. lames Cordon. Tr.. 157-58 .. . Bermudd Race, 1934,152-54. Set. also Day,

Thomas Fleming Bible, seaportrayed in, 9,24048,262 Bismark, Otto "on, 89 Blanchard, Capt. Hollis, 128; consults

Weather Bureau, 120; departs Boston, 109.120-21: reoutation of. 125-27. 134-36; tries to save ship, 122-25 See also Portland

Blunt, hdmund March, 40 Blunt's. See Amencan Coast Ptlof

(Blunt) Bolivar, 5, 11 BaothbayIBoothbay Harhor (Maine), 60,

6849.73 Boston (Mass.) harbor, 1 1 9

Bowman, Carl G., and Lydia, 184. See also Hamrah

Bradford, Gershom, 21 7,221-22 Bray, Henry, 70-72 Briggs, Capt. Benjamin, 215,216,225,227.

See also Mary Celeste British imperialism and navy, 88, 102-3 burials at sea, 83-84 Byron, Lod, George Gordon, 3,5,13,

17-18,21

C C. G. Manhews, 60,61,68,72,73 Cabot Stmit, 194. See also Gulfof St.

Lawrence Calhoun, John C., statue of, 27,4&49 Calliope,88,89,93,95-99,102,103,105 Campbell, Ethel, 11 1 Campbell, Sally, 251 Cape Ann (Mass.), 120-21 Caoe Cod (Mass.): and I'ortland. 108-10

'123,124; wrecks on, and ~ e n r ~ avid Thoreau, 49-50,6445

Cape Cod (Thoreau),49-50 Cape Hatteras (N.C.), 235,236 Cape Horn, 268,270-71,287 Capt. Cook Cast a Way on Cape Cod 1802

(Cornk).52 Captains Courageous (Kipling), 145 Castine (Maine), 138-39.186 The Character Factory (Rasenthal), 14445 Charles 11, king of England, 6 Chichester, Sir Francis, 268 Christensen, Mark, 267 Cleveland, Pres. Grover, 89,90 Colcord, John Herbert, 3 6 3 7 Coleman, George, 202 community and connection, 275. See ulro

faith, of mariners; trauma and stress Condon Point (Maine), 139,182,187 Conley, Tom, 228,229 Conrad, Joseph, 10,35-36,214,256,268 contagious illnesses, fears of on ships, 26 The CountryofthePointedFirr (Jewett), 67,

77

crises, reactions to. See trauma and stress Cruising Club of America, 162,175

D Dalton, Grant, 266 Dana, Richard Henry, Jr., 34,56,84,267,

272 .. - Danielle (tropical storm), 37-38

Darkness Visible (Styrun), I0 Davidson, Kenneth, 163 Day, Thomas Fleming, 159-61 death: among mariners, 81-85; "James

Dean effect:'21,50. Seealso trauma and stress

Deering, Capt. Charles, 120, 136 DeGrasse, Quentin, 222,224 Dei Gratin, 215 Denuison, Capt. Alexander C., 135,136 derelict ships, 21 1-14. See also First Draft;

Mary Celeste Dirigo Island (Maine), 139 Disaster a t Sea (Haine), 213 disasters, reactions to. See terrorist attacks

on September 11,2001; trauma and stress - ~ ~ - -

Don Juan. See Ariel Dorade, 16243 Doyle, Sir Arthur Conan, 21615,

219-20 Drake, Sir Francis, 9 Dyer, William, 151

Eber, 89.94.97 Eliot, Charles W.: on education (Gott

Island parable), 14546; on sports- manship, 146. See also "strenuous life" philosobhy

Elizabeth (1850): analvsis ofwreck. 54-56:

conditions, 42-45; wreck, 4548. See also Bangs, Capt. Henry; Fuller,Mar- - -

garet Elrzabeth (1891),3&37 Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 29,30-31,49,50,53 emotional numbinz. 18.20.77.198.241. ". . . .

242. Seealso trauma and stress

F faith, of mariners, 8-10,202-3,25&57,264.

See also Jonah, storm and wreck of; Paul (apostle), storm and wreck of; supersti- tions, and the sea

"Faith's Review and Expectation:'See "Amazing Grace" (hymn)

FannieE. Wolston, 213-14 Fay, Charles Edey, 218 feminism, and Margaret Fuller, 30,53-54 films, training, made by Henry Strauss, 206,

209 Fire Island lighthouse, 41,46,47 First Draft: discovered, 227-29.232.233;

investigation and accident narrative,

232.234-37; log entries, 236; map of route, 228. See also Necas, Miles

fishingifishermen: about, 65,6748,76,77; anxieties of townspeople for, 64-65; mackerel fishing, 61-63; memorials to, 60, 66; mortality rates, 65; wives/widows of, 65,75,79,81. Seealso mariners

Fitzroy, Robert, 43,127, 130 Fleerwing, 157-58 Flood, I. Sally, 21 6 A Foomote to History (Stevenson), 92 For ThoseNov m Sorrow (Ames), 183-84,

185,18687 Frankenstein (Shelley, Mary WoUstone-

craft), 3 From Sail m Steam (Mahan), 90 Frostad, Knut, 267 Fuller, Angelino, 27,28,48 Fuller, Margaret, 32: accomplishments of,

25-26; and Capt. Seth L. Hasty, 27.28, 83; and Catherine Hasty, 27,45,47,58; childhood and early life, 29-33; choice of ship, 27; death in wreck ofElizabeth, 4511% fears of sea and ships, 26; and feminism, 30,53-54; in Italy, 31,33; memorial plaque, 53; memorial stone, 52,53; reputation of, 25,50,53-54; romantic view of nature and the sea, 33-34

Fuller, Timothy, 29 funnel into New York harbor, 39-41,46,55

G G. W Reed, 61,72. See also C. G. Matthews Garthsnaid, 27671 German imperialism and navy, 89-90,103 ghost ships. See derelict ships Gloucester (Mass.), 60,65,66,68,69,75,81 Glover, Raymond E., 252 Godforsaken Sea (Lundy), 78,277 Godwin, Mary. SeeShelley,Mary Woll-

stonecraft Godwin. William. 3.18

145-46 grace, 202-3,249-59 Greene, Francis B., 6849,72 Greyhound, 253-56 Griffiths, Maurice, 142 Grindley, Lt. (jg) William C., 194-96,204,

205 - - -

ground zero: San Francisco earthquake, 197-98; World Trade Center, 82-83,242.

Gulf of St. Lawrence: mackerel fishing in, 61-63; map of, 71;Yankee Gale in 1851, 69-73.76

Gulf Stream, 235 Gurzwell, John, 280,281,282,284

-- Hall, Capt. Seth, 76 Hamrah, 165,17671; accident narrative,

164,166-68; Bermuda Race, 152-54; construction, 151; crew, 156,164, 172-78: maD of route, 166: news of acci- dent soreads. 138.169-72: shortcomines

Matthews Harvest Home, 7W72 Hasty, Capt. John D., 84 Hasty. C a ~ t . Seth L.. 27.28,59,83 ~ast;, ~aiherine, 27,45,47,58 Hawthorne, Nathaniel, 53 Heart Light, 26244 Helkell, Rod, 12 Henrietta, 157-58 Hepworth, George, 63 Herald of Free Enterprise, 79 Hindmarsh. D. Bruce. 249

Hawe, Jhia ward, 30,53,179 How to Abandon Ship, 192-93 Hunt, Leigh, 13,17-18 Hunter, Dave, 73 hurricane seas, 128-29 hymns, 249-52 hypothermia, 54

I Illbruck, 22-23,226,267 illnesses, contagious, fears of on ships, 26 imperialism, in the Pacific, 88-89, 103 7he Influence of Sea Power upon History

(Mahan), 105

J "J. Habakuk Jephson's Statement" (Doyle),

216-17 James, Wdliam, 143,145,197-98 "lames Dean effect: 21,50 Jones, Capt. William H. S., 266 Jonah, storm and wreck of, 2 4 M 6

-- Kane. Capt. Henry Coey. 93.95-96,98,102,

105,106 ffitsura, 37-38 See also trauma and stress

DBX

Kimberly, Rear Adm. Lewis A,, 88.89.94. 98.105 - , - ~ -

Kostecki, John, 266 Kurrk, 79

L Lacocque, Andre and Pierre, 244 landfalls, accounts of, 35-38 Lawn (Newfoundland), 203-5 Lee, Joel, andloel's Ark, 186. See alsoHam-

rah Leighton, Capt. C. H., 125-26 Lewis, Cam, 267-68 lighthouses, early history of, 4 W 2 Liscomb, John F., 135-36 literature, sea, 256-57 LirtleAuk, 177-78, 185 Little Rhody, 1 hl Loomis, Alfred E, 153-54,162 Lorillard, Pierre, 157-58

M MacArthur, Ellen, 56 mackerel fishing, 6 1 4 3 Magic, 133 Mahan, Alfred Thayer, 90,105 Makaroff,Vadim S., 163 Mallory, George, 276 Marblehead (Mass.), 68 mariners: African American, 112; honds

with shipmates, 82-83,84-85; death observed among, 81-85; faith and, 8-10, 202-3,256-57; life of, 34,65,6768, 77-78; monuments to groups of, 60,66, 75: mortality rates, 65; and mourning, 77-79; path to command of ship, 35; and smoking, 192-93,198-99. Seealso fishinglfishermen

Mary Celeste, 223: abandonment narrative, 225,227; cargo, 22&21; Celesteana, 216-20: discovered, 215-16; investiga- tion, 216; map of route, 228; and Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, 21615,21&17, 219-20; theories about, 218-21; water- spout theory, 221-22,224-25

TheMary Celeste: A Sea Mystery, the Facts of Which Have Been Clouded by Romances (Shepard), 219

Mary Moulton, 72 Matteson, George "Sim:' 174-75 Matteson, Rase. See Tillinghast, Rose Matte-

son Mediterranean Sea, weather and general

conditions, 12 Medwin, Thomas, 12.15 memorial gatherings, for Portland disaster,

113,115,119

memorials, 60,73; to Ames men, 180-81: to Capt. Seth L. Hasty, 59; to Gloucester fishermen, 60,66; to Gloucester fisher- men's wives, 75,81; to Margaret Fuller, 52,53

memorial service, for PoNvr &$aster, 210 Merchant Marine service, 191-92,205 mercy, 245,255 Merryweather Camp, 150 meteorology. See weather forecasting Mintz, Myron, 37-38 TheMirror ofthe Sea (Conrad), 10,35-36,

214,25h Mistress, 155, 163 Monthly Weather Review (US. Weather

Bureau), 132-33 Moore, Willia L., 130-32, 134 Morehouse, Capt. David Reed, 215 Moriaon, Samuel Eliot, 57,7679 mortality rates, fishing, and war, 65 mourning, and mariners, 77-78. See also

wives/widows Muir, John, 141-42

N nature, romantic view oE and Margaret

Fuller, 33-34; and Percy Bysshe Shelley, L 7 " ,

Navesink Highlands lighthouse, 4142,45, 46,47,51

navies, development of modern, 90,10E6 navigation errors: caused by magnetlc devi-

ation on Katrura, 38; of Capt. Henry Bangs, 45-46,56563 of Pollux convoy, 190,194-97. See also seamanship

Necas, Miles, 232,234-37. See also Nrst Drafi

New England Tent Club, 139 Newton, John, 252,253,254; andC'Amazing

Grace: 249-52.259; hym-writing of, 258-59; redemption of, 25656,257-58

NewYork harbor, funnel into, 3941,46,55 NcwYorkYacht Club, 1hM1,165 Nipsic, 89,94,97,10&101 North, Roger, 6 Nutting, William W., 162

"Ode to the West Wind" (Shelley, Percy Hvsche) 6-7 -,--..-r. - .

The Odyssey (Homer), 274 Olga, 89,95,97,98 Olney Hymns (Nrwtun), 249-50,259 Otrce is Enough (Smeeton), 284 "On Love" (Shelley, Percy Bysshe), 10 "The Open Boat" (Crane), 82 Osgood, Franklin, 157-58

Ossoli, Angelina. See Fuller, Angelino Ossoli, Giovanni, 31,48 Ossoli, Margaret. See Fuller, Margaret

P Pardena, Celeste, 27.48 Paul (apostle), storm and wredrof, 246-48 Pepys, Samuel, 6 Perkins Paint (Maine), 139,140,181 pinkies (fishing boats), 6243,74 "playing the gime:' 144-46. See also "stren-

uous life" ohiloso~hv poets, 21. see blro ~ h & , Percy Bysshe Pnllur map of route, 195; memorial service

for, 210; navigation errors and ground- ing, 190,194-97; survivors' reunion, 208,210; wreckand rescue, 198-205, 201,208. Seealso Strauss, IsaacHenry

Portland, 117; African Americans aboard, 11 1-13; designof, 116,120,121-22; memorial gatheringsfor, 113,115, 119; Portland Steamship Company's role, 134-36; storm narrative, 108-10, 118, 120-21,122-25; superstitions and, 110-1 1; and U.S. Weather Bureau, 127, 130-34. Seealso Blanchard, Capt. Hollis

Portland Associates, 113,115,119 Panland (Maine), 109,112-13 Portland Steamshiu Comoanv. 134-36. See

stress Prince Edward Island, 61-62,63,73,76 provenza, 12,17

R Raban, Jonathan, 261-62 racing sailboats, 155,15743,169-72 Iladzcwicz family, and Samba, 171,184,186.

See also Hnmrah Ranlett, Charles E., 35 Redfield, William, 43,44 repentance, 24a-46. See also Newton, John reputations: of Capt. Hollis Blanchard,

125-27,134-36; of 11. (jg) Willianl C. Grindley, 205; of Margaret Fuller, 25,50, 53-54; of Percy Bysshe Shelley, 20-21, 74 -.

rescue work, rewards of, 197-98 resilience, 180, 182-87 Rice, Grantland, 144 Richards, Henry, 150,169 Richards, Laura Howe, 150,179-80,183 '&Rime of the AncieetMariner

(Coleridge), 214,252 Roberts (onAriel), 13, 15

Robinson, William Albert, 26445,269, 272-74,273

romantic view of the sea: and Margaret Fuller, 33-34; and Percy Bysshe Shelley, 3,5-7, 10

Roosevelt, Eleanor, 152 Roosevelt, George Emlen, 155,156,163 Raosevelt, Theodore, 14,141,14243,145 Rose family, 204,210. See also Pollux Royal Navy. See British imperialism and

navy Ruhy,Reuhen, 112,113 TheRudder (magazine), 159,161 rusticators, 139, 140,Seealso"strenuous

life" philosophy

S sailing, amateur, 155,15743,169-72,

264-68 Sailing Alone around the World (Slocum).

159 sailors. See mariners Samba, 171,184,186. See also Hamrah Samoa, 91-92; hurricane narrative, 93-96,

98,102; map of anchorage and storm, 97; US., German, and British interests in, 89-90,102-3. See also Calliope

Samuels, Capt. Samuel "Bull$' 158 Sundefiord 154-56 Sandy Hook (New Jersey), 40,46 Sall Francisco Bay, 3 6 3 7 San Francisco earthquake and fire, and

WiUiam \ants, 197-98 Sava Island, first battle of, in World War 11:

Charles F. Tillinghast Jr. in, 175; sleep deprivation and, 57

Schoonmakcr, Capt. C. M., 98 scouting movement, 144-45 sea: as apocalyptic setting, 262-63; cruelty

of, 288; intensity ofrmotions and, 77-79; in literature, 9-10,265; nature of, 7,15940; as portrayed in Bible, 9, 24048,262; as preserver and dcstmyer, 749-10,287; romantic view of, 3,s-7, 10,33-34; sqirituality and, 159, 160; and "strenuous hfe" philosophy, 145-46; superstitions and, 8 Y , 1 10-1 1

Sea Bird, 161 seafarers. See firhindfishermen; mariners The SeamaniFriend (Dana), 56

DH~, 160. Seealso navlgatlon errors "

seamen. See marlnus selflessness, 197 Seth Hall, 76

Seton, Ernest Thompson, 144 Shakesoeare. 10.16 . . shape-note tuner, 251 Shaw, Linus, 111 Shay, Jonathan, 5 6 5 7 Shelley, Mary Wollstonecraft, 3,5, 13, 17,

18;20 Shelley, Percy Bysshe, 4; cremation of,

17-18,19; map of route, 16; marriages, 2-3; and nature, 6-7; poetry, 2; reputa- tion, 20-21,24; romanticvicwafthe sea, 3,5-7, 10; sailing skills, 5,6,20-21, 24; suicide potential, 21,24; tempera- ment of, 2-3; wreck narrative, 1-2, 15-17. See also Anel

Shepard, Frederick J., 218,219 shiomasters. 35.56-58

smallpox, 26.28 Smeeton, Beryl and Miles, 276-77,278-79,

282; first &dent in Southern Ocean, 28&84,283,285,286; on nature of the sea, 288; second accident in Southern Ocean, 284,28687:

smoking, and sailors, 192-93,198-99 Snow, Edward Rowe, 113-16,119,217,275 solitude, 266,268,269 Sondheim, Stephen, 14,249 Southern Ocean, 26548,27&71. See also

Robinson, William Albert; Smeeton, Beryl and Miles

Southport (Maine), 61.6849.72 Spanish-American War, 107 Spanish Armada, 87-88 Spezia (Italy), 3, 13.16, 17 squalls, thunder, 12,15 St. Coeur, John, 228-29 St. Lawrence River, 63 Stephens, Olin J., 163, 177 Stephens, Roderick, Ir,, 163 Stephens, Roderick, Sr., 163 Stevenson, Robert Louis: on lighthouse

keepers, 41; and Samoa, 91-92,104,106 Stone, Herbert I.., 162,169-70 storms: attractiveness of, 7, 13,272; in Bible,

24W8; namingaf, 60. Seealso naviga- tion errors; sea; weather forecasting

Stormy Weather, 155,163 Stortebeker, 155,156, 163-64 Strauss, Isaac Henry: adapts to North

Atlantic duty, 19W1; postwar career, 206,209; reacts to wreck, 199-200; res- cue and recovery, 203-6.207.208; returns to Newfoundland and survivors' reunion,208,209-10

"strenuous life"philosaphy, 14,14146,162 stress. See trauma and stress Sumner, Horace, 27,47 superstitions, and the sea, 8-9, 110-1 1. See

also faith, of mariners ,urvlvdl pry.hulugv,?b4 SWC",<,", 1 r,,., 2 % wdnrg Hobart rd<c,22->3.>22.?2fi

-

Tambs, Erling, 154-56 tempoale, 12,15 terrorist attacks an September 11,2001,

82-83,242. See alro trauma and stress Thacher Island (Mass.), 122,123, 124 Thoreau, Henry David: and Margaret

Fuller. 31.49.51: and wrecks on Cane ~

Cod, 49-50,6&5 "The Three Fishers" (Kingsley), 81 Tillinghast, Charles F., 161 Tillinghast, Charles E, Jr.: on Hamrah, 156,

164,16669,170-71; life after accident, 174-78,185. See also Hamrah

Tillinghast, Harriet. See Goodrich, Harriet Tillinghast

Tillinghast, Rose Matteson, 175,177 Tilman, Harold William (Bill), 277 "Torpedo AUey:190,195 Toscana, 227,228-29 To the GreatSouthern Sea (Robinson), 265 Tracy, Benjamin, 105 transatlantic races: 1866,157-58; 1935,

154-58,163-64,166 trauma and stress: 7-8, 18,20,77-79,

8145,115,178-80,182-84,191-92, 197-200,206,209,242,264

Trelawny, Edward John, 5,15,17-18 Trenton, 89,94,96,97,98,99,1W-101,102 Trible, Phyllis, 241,244 Trilling, Lionel, 7 Traonin, Alexander, 16344 Truro (Mass.), 65 Truxron, 196,198-99 Turney,Cmdr. Hugh W., 194,195-96,198,

200,207 Two Years before the Mast (Dana), 34,84,

267,272. Tzu Hanx: bought by Smeetons, 279-80;

first accident in Southern Ocean. 280-84,283,285,286; second accident in Southern Ocean, 284,28687

U "Ulysses" (Tennyson), 114,274-75 rite Ulysses Factor (Anderson), 275-76 Ulysses generation, 26546,274-77 UnitedStater CoairPilnt, 55

Index

United States imperialism, 88-90,103 Whiting, Rev. William, 26-27 U.S. Navy, development of modern, 105-6: M1ke1: after wreck, 200; in charge of Poll=

ROTC program, 168,177. See also Pol- convoy, 190; navigation issues and lux; Samoa; World War 11 grounding, 194-96

I1.S. Weather Bureau. and Portland. 108. Williams. C. F... 135

Vagabond, 155 C'anrarre, 155, 163-64 Vandaha, 89,95,97,98,1fl&lOl, 102

; veit~, i57-58 '~ Vivian, Charles, 13, 15-17

W W L. White ("WhiteGhost"), 213 war. Set imperialism, in the Pacific; World

War I; World War 11 Ware, Sheldon: on Hamrah, 156,164,

17&71; life after accident, 173 Warner, Oliver, 106 waterspouts, 221-22,223,224-25 waves, 4 2 4 3 Wavre, Dominique, 224 "weather eyetweather senseY4243 weather forecasting: in l850s, by shipmaa-

ters, 4244; U.S. Weather Bureau and Portland. 108,127.130-34

Atlantic (Maury), 43 winds, circulation of around storms, 43 wivesiwidows, 65,75,79,81,182-87 Wixon, Cant. Tames. 76 Woad, ~o i to" , 169,18647 Woodcraft movement, 144 World Wdr I: and development of amateur

ocean sailing, 162: mortality rates com- pared to fishing, 65

World War 11: Charles F. Tillinghast 1r:s service in, 17.%76,177; first battle of Savo Island and sleep deprivation, 57: mortality rates compared to fishing, 61; "old sergeant's syndrome" in, 77; Shel- don Ware's death in, 173. See also Pollux

"The Wreck of theHesperusn (Longfellow), 50

writers, at sea, 265

Y yacht. derivation of word. 6 ,

Webb, Walter w.'.; 195-96 Yachting (magazine), 155,157,163. Seealso Weed, Milary, I74 Stone, Herbert L. Wed, Roger: on Hamrah, 156,164,167, Yankee Gale of 1851.60; casualties and res-

169,17&71; life after accident, 172-74 cue efforts, 72-73,76; map of, 71; Weeden, 175-76 memorials to victims of, 60; storm nar- Wheeler, Darryl and Diviana, 26344 rative, 69-72 "White Squall" (Rogers), 81