PATTERNS 1 & 2Now that you know the basics of diagraming, it is necessary for you to know the FIVE SENTENCE PATTERNS.No matter how different sentences may look, they all fall into one of five basic patterns. This unit deals withPATTERNS 1 & 2. These two patterns contain ACTION VERBS ONLY.

PATTERN 1: N - V

The N-V pattern contains only two items on the baseline: a subject (N) and an action verb (V). The subject and verbmay have modifiers, and there may be prepositional phrases in the sentence, but THERE WILL BE NO OTHERNOUNS OR VERBS.

EXAMPLE: art n av prep art adj n The boy stood (on the boat’s deck).

As you already know, this sentence should be diagramed like this:

(EXERCISE #1 features the N-V pattern; do it now)

PATTERN 2: N - V - N

To learn about Pattern 2, you must become familiar with a new “job” called the DIRECT OBJECT. The N-V-Npattern contains three main parts: a subject (N), an action verb (V), and a DIRECT OBJECT (N). All three partsmay have modifiers, and there may be prepositional phrases in the sentence, but THERE ARE NO OTHER NOUNSOR VERBS.

To find the DIRECT OBJECT, you first find the subject and the verb. Then you simply SAY THE SUBJECT, SAYTHE VERB, AND ASK “WHAT?” The answer will be a noun or a pronoun and is called the DIRECT OBJECT.

EXAMPLE: adj adj n av art adj n My best friend had a birthday party.

The subject is FRIEND; the verb is HAD. Now say, “friend had WHAT?” The answer is PARTY - which is yourDIRECT OBJECT. The diagram for this Pattern 2 sentence is like this:

(Exercise #2 features these N-V-N patterns; Exercise #3 containssentences which are both Pattern 1 and Pattern 2; do them now)

THE PROCESS:On the back of this page is an expanded version to the flow chart that was introduced in Unit #4. We will be addingnew mental steps, but for now - as long as you understand what you see - you're doing fine!

The

My

besta birthday

friend had party

ANALYTICAL GRAMMAR (UNIT #6) NOTES-PAGE 11

boy stoodon

theboat's

(over)

deck

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ANALYTICAL GRAMMAR (UNIT #6) NOTES-PAGE 12

THE PROCESS

Step 1. Find and mark n all the nouns in the sentence. (pn over proper nouns)

Step 2. Find and mark all the articles and adjectives (Ask, "Which [say the noun]?")

Step 3. Find and mark all the pronouns.

Step 4. Find all the prepositions and put parentheses around the prepositional phrases.

Step 5. Find any word that looks like a verb and mark it "v."

Step 6. Ask, "Who or what (say the verb)?"

No answer? It'sa verbal. Leave

it marked "v"and go on.

Answer? It's a verb.

No answer?It's an action verb.

Your baseline is com-plete.

Step 7. Ask, "(Subject), (verb), what?"

Answer?It's a direct object.

You have an action verb.Baseline looks like this:

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ANALYTICAL GRAMMAR (UNIT #6) EXERCISE #1

(over)

PATTERNS 1 & 2: EXERCISE #1

NAME:__________________________________________DATE:________________________

DIRECTIONS: All the sentences below are Pattern 1. Parse them and put parentheses around the prepositionalphrases. Diagram the subject and verb and their modifiers including the prepositional phrases.

1. Many Americans’ grandparents live in other states.

2. Many of us go to our grandparents’ houses very rarely.

3. People in former generations seldom moved to other places with the frequency of

today’s families.

4. Most American children lived in the same town as their grandparents.

5. They visited often in their grandparents’ homes.

6. During these long and frequent visits, they learned about the lives of the

grandparents.

7. Children in America today visit with their grandparents during short vacations.

8. Families from all economic levels move frequently from place to place.

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ANALYTICAL GRAMMAR (UNIT #6) EXERCISE #1 - PAGE 2

9. A lucky few visit with their grandparents for a long time.

10. Before the end of your grandparents’ lives, speak to them of your gratitude for all

their love. (See Notes: Unit #4: p. 8, V)

DEFINITIONS:

1. Pronouns are words that ______________________________________________________________.

2. To look for the direct object you say the ____________________________, say the _____________________

and ask ____________________________.

3. A verb must have a _________________________________ to be a "real" verb.

DIRECTIONS: Write what job the underlined words are doing. Choose your answers from among the following:

SUBJECT OBJECT OF THE PREPOSITION VERB MODIFIER

SENTENCE # WORD JOB

1 grandparents ________________________________________________

2 go ________________________________________________

3 places ________________________________________________

4 lived ________________________________________________

5 their ________________________________________________

6 grandparents ________________________________________________

7 visit ________________________________________________

8 levels ________________________________________________

9 few ________________________________________________

10 end ________________________________________________

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PATTERNS 1 & 2: EXERCISE #2

NAME:___________________________________________DATE:______________________

DIRECTIONS: All the sentences below are Pattern 2. Parse them and put parentheses around the prepositionalphrases. Diagram the entire sentence. Remember to use your Process chart.

1. In today's youth-oriented society we seldom appreciate the wisdom of our elders.

2. The past gives many valuable lessons for our modern lives.

3. Young people today rarely show their appreciation for the lessons of the

past.

4. Older people sometimes lack patience with younger people.

5. These conflicts occasionally cause misunderstandings between younger and older

people.

6. An enjoyable hour with an older person opens doors from the past for you.

7. These doors from the past shed light on things in our often confusing world.

8. Some older people in nursing homes never get visits from younger people.

ANALYTICAL GRAMMAR (UNIT #6) EXERCISE #2

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ANALYTICAL GRAMMAR (UNIT #6) EXERCISE #2 - PAGE 2

9. A visit like this benefits both of you!

10. Take time out of your busy life for a visit with an older person. (See Notes: Unit #3,p.6)

DIRECTIONS: Write what job the underlined words are doing. Choose your answers from among the following:

SUBJECT DIRECT OBJECT OBJECT OF THE PREPOSITION VERB MODIFIER

SENTENCE # WORD JOB

1 wisdom ________________________________________________

2 past ________________________________________________

3 appreciation ________________________________________________

4 Older ________________________________________________

5 misunderstandings_______________________________________________

6 person ________________________________________________

7 light ________________________________________________

8 nursing ________________________________________________

9 both ________________________________________________

10 Take ________________________________________________

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ANALYTICAL GRAMMAR (UNIT #6) EXERCISE #3

(over)

PATTERNS 1 & 2: EXERCISE #3

NAME:____________________________________________DATE:_____________________

DIRECTIONS: The sentences below are either Pattern 1 or Pattern 2. Parse them and put parentheses around theprepositional phrases. Diagram the entire sentence. Remember to use your Process chart.

1. Rudolfo A. Anaya wrote a story about his grandfather.

2. This old farmer lived in a valley on the Pecos River in New Mexico.

3. Rudolfo’s culture teaches respect for elders.

4. He lived on his grandfather’s farm during the summer.

5. His uncles also lived in that valley beside the grandfather’s farm.

6. Rudolfo’s grandfather used few words for advice.

7. “Pray for rain.”

8. Beside his grandfather in the wagon, Rudolfo drove into town for supplies.

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ANALYTICAL GRAMMAR (UNIT #6) EXERCISE #3 - PAGE 2

9. The beloved grandfather of his childhood died after a long and useful life.

10. Rudolfo gained a great deal of wisdom from his close association with his

grandfather.

DIRECTIONS: Write what job the underlined words are doing. Choose your answers from among the following:

SUBJECT DIRECT OBJECT OBJECT OF THE PREPOSITION VERB MODIFIER

SENTENCE # WORD JOB

1 story ________________________________________________

2 farmer ________________________________________________

2 lived ________________________________________________

3 elders ________________________________________________

4 grandfather’s ________________________________________________

7 Pray ________________________________________________

8 drove ________________________________________________

9 grandfather ________________________________________________

9 useful ________________________________________________

10 deal ________________________________________________

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PATTERNS 1 & 2: TEST

NAME:____________________________________________DATE:_____________________

(RAW SCORE:_________GRADE:_______ )

DIRECTIONS: Parse the sentences below and put parentheses around the prepositional phrases. Then, on aseparate sheet of paper, diagram the entire sentence.

1. An old man sat quietly on a bench in the park.

2. Some boys from the neighborhood played a game of baseball in a nearby vacant lot.

3. Paul hit the ball over the fence onto the old man’s bench.

4. “The baseball from our game fell on your bench.”

5. “Your stupid ball nearly hit me on the head!

6. Please take it away immediately!”

7. Paul studied the old man on the bench for a moment.

8. In a polite tone, he apologized to the old man.

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ANALYTICAL GRAMMAR (UNIT #6) TEST

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ANALYTICAL GRAMMAR (UNIT #6) TEST - PAGE 2

9. The old man on the bench smiled at Paul in surprise.

10. “You certainly have very nice manners!”

11. A real friendship between the two grew from this chance encounter in the park.

DIRECTIONS: Write what job the underlined words are doing. Choose your answers from among the following:

SUBJECT DIRECT OBJECT OBJECT OF THE PREPOSITION VERB MODIFIER

SENTENCE # WORD JOB

1 bench _______________________________________________________

2 Some _______________________________________________________

2 played _______________________________________________________

3 ball _______________________________________________________

5 me _______________________________________________________

6 it _______________________________________________________

8 apologized _______________________________________________________

9 surprise _______________________________________________________

11 friendship _______________________________________________________

11 encounter _______________________________________________________

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