age of federalism
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Age of Federalism. Presidents George Washington John Adams. Age of Federalism. Washington develops government’s systems – how to govern. Domestic Policies decided by presidents’ advisors 4 Cabinet “Secretary” Positions - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Age of Federalism
PresidentsGeorge Washington
John Adams
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Age of Federalism
Washington develops government’s systems –
how to govern.
Domestic Policies decided by presidents’ advisors
4 Cabinet “Secretary” Positions
Treasury Alexander Hamilton State Thomas Jefferson Att’y General Edmund Randolph
War Henry Knox
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Judiciary Act of 1789
• Create a “Courts” system
• Among first acts of new
administration
• Supreme Court consists of Chief Justice & 5 Associate Justices
• 13 Federal District Courts & 3
“Circuit Courts”
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Federalist Domestic Policy
• Alexander Hamilton’s Financial Plan - “Report on Manufactures…” - National banking system
- Assumption & Financing of debt• Government promotes business &
manufacturing • Strengthens US economy & world ‘standing’• Law and Order – Strong Federal Government
Conflict with Jefferson Over Policy
“Strict” or “Loose” Interpretation of
Constitution
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Age of FederalismHamilton’s Financial Plans
1. Finance national debt – never pay it back! - Pay interest to those gov’t. owed money
2. Promote investment in government by business
- Assures investors want government to succeed
3. Tariffs on foreign goods and on domestic whiskey to collect revenue
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Age of FederalismWashington’s Problems
• “Impressment” – British seizing American ships
• British – French War - Should we take sides? Federalists – NO Opponents – YES
• “Citizen Genet” – French diplomat stirs up trouble
• Spain blocking access to Mississippi River
• Whiskey Rebellion – Should new government allow
violent protests against its authority?
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Age of FederalismWashington’s Solutions
The War - Proclamation of Neutrality - “Jay” Treaty w/ England
Spain - Pinckney’s Treaty
Whiskey Rebellion - Leads Federal Troops – Ends it
First use of national troops to end protest.
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Age of FederalismJay’s Treaty with Britain
• Objectives- Stop “impressment” of American ships- Abandon British forts on Northwest
frontier- Expand trade between the two nations in
the Caribbean.
• Problems- No agreement to stop impressment- Didn’t stop English from trading fur in US.
- Anti-Feds saw expanded trade as a “sellout”
and betrayal of the Revolution
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Age of FederalismPinckney’s Treaty with Spain
• Objectives- Secure land claims west of the
Appalachians- Guarantee shipping rights on the
Mississippi
• Results- Gave up all land but Florida, but set
boundary - Opened Mississippi to American
shipping and allowed use of the port of New Orleans
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Age of FederalismWashington’s Ideology
• Economy balanced between manufacturing and agriculture
• Law and Order to assure the new nation’s survival
• “Isolationism” to prevent foreign influence on US affairs. Avoid dependence in “the critical period”.
Guided (drove) the way the US developed for 12 years
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Age of FederalismWashington’s Legacy
• Showed us how to plan to operate government
• Set nation on the path to growth and world status by: - siding with Hamilton’s financial ideas
- signing Pinckney & Jay Treaties
• Established precedent of 2 terms for President
• Established policy of “Isolationism” in his Farewell Address which we would follow for another 90 years.
“It is our true policy to steer clear of permanent alliances with any portion of the foreign world..."
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Age of FederalismCompeting Ideologies - Political Parties
Emerge
• Federalists (Hamilton) succeed - Economic policy - Peace and expanded trade with
Britain - Establish Federal authority
suppressing Whiskey Rebellion
• Democratic (Jeffersonian) Republicans challengevision of Federalists and organize opposition
- newspaper attacks - sponsor candidates for office
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Age of FederalismAdams Presidency
• John Adams beats Jefferson for President BUT Jefferson becomes Vice President – opposite
parties!
• Sectionalism emerges (regional favoritism & disputes)
(North for Adams & South for Jefferson) • Federalists win, but anger the people, so John
Adams’ Presidency is a divisive & troubled one.
• Competing ideologies exist for a second time – within a president’s administration
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Age of Federalism• French Object to Jay Treaty (w/England)
- Believe it violates the French- American Alliance - Begin to attack American ships bound for England
• John Marshall visits French Foreign Minister Talleyrand, and is denied an audience – an international insult
• 3 low level diplomats X, Y & Z, order $250,000 in bribes just to help Marshall get in to see him!“Millions for Defense, but not one cent for tribute!”
• 1798 - US builds a navy & confiscates French shipsVirtual War occurred
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Age of Federalism Balancing Security with Freedom
Alien & Sedition Acts Use the document to answer the following:
1) What were the main provisions of the Act? (2)
2) What was the difference between the Alien part and
the Sedition part?
3) How did it violate American principle of liberty?
4) What Constitutional principle did it possibly violate?
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Age of Federalism
Virginia & Kentucky Resolutions
• Nullified Alien & Sedition Acts as unconstitutional
• Held that states could override Federal law- Principle of “Nullification” born
• Jefferson and Madison sponsored laws in VA & KY and try to get other states to pass laws too.
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Age of Federalism•Prosser Rebellion August 30, 1800
"First Major Slave Insurrection"
•Gabriel Prosser’s 1000 slave army
revolts
•Plan to kill as many white men as possible and set up a slave state in Virginia.
•Gov. James Monroe ends it, tries & hangs 34 rebels including Prosser