agenda: 3/10
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Agenda: 3/10. To predict properties of an element using Periodic Trends (Reactivity and Bonding) Warm-up: Reviewing trends: sketch PT showing trends Predicting properties based on trends Practice Video Using Electronegativity to determine type of bonds . - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Agenda: 3/10
To predict properties of an element using Periodic Trends (Reactivity and Bonding)
Warm-up: Reviewing trends: sketch PT showing trends Predicting properties based on trends
Practice Video
Using Electronegativity to determine type of bonds
What are the Trends on the Periodic Table?
Periodic Table
Increases
Incr
ease
s
Decreases
Decreases
Label the trends
Predicting Properties of Elements- based on the position on the Periodic
Table : Size; IE; EN
Property: which element has the largest value?Ca vs. Br C vs. Sn F vs. I Si vs. ClNa vs. P Li vs. KBe vs. O S vs. ArAl vs. S Ne vs. KrB vs. Al B vs. Ne
Predicting Properties of Elements- based on the position on the Periodic
Table : Size; IE; EN
Property: which element has the largest value?Ca vs. Br C vs. Sn F vs. I Si vs. ClNa vs. P Li vs. KBe vs. O S vs. ArAl vs. S Ne vs. KrB vs. Al B vs. Ne
Predicting Properties of Elements- based on the position on the Periodic
Table : Size; IE; EN
Property: which element has the largest value?Ca vs. Br C vs. Sn F vs. I Si vs. ClNa vs. P Li vs. KBe vs. O S vs. ArAl vs. S Ne vs. KrB vs. Al B vs. Ne
Predicting Properties using the PT How does the organization of the Periodic Ta
ble help us make predictions?
https://www.teachingchannel.org/videos/periodic-table
14 minutes Starts with low reactivity metals: copper, silver & gold Very reactive metals Non-metals
Compounds & Bonds – Unit 5
Why do atoms bond to form compounds?
How are bonds formed?
How do we represent compounds (names and formulas)?
Chemical Bonds Review sources http://bcs.whfreeman.com/thelifewire/content/
chp02/02020.html http://www.sciencegeek.net/Chemistry/taters/
directory.shtml http://ed.ted.com/lessons/the-science-of-mac
aroni-salad-what-s-in-a-mixture-josh-kurz
Bonding Essentials Bonds are formed when valence electrons are
gained, lost or shared by atoms
There are 3 major types of bonds Ionic, Covalent, Metallic
Compounds are 2 or more atoms bonded together, with different properties than their elements.
Metals and Non-metals Act Differently
Atomic Theater Demonstrating bonding
Ionic – 2 students Covalent – 2 students Metallic – 4 students
Chemical Bonds http://ed.ted.com/lessons/how-atoms-bond-g
eorge-zaidan-and-charles-morton
Electronegativity Ability of an atom in a compound to attract
electrons from another atom.
Difference between electronegativity of atoms is used to determine the bond type.
Electronegativity Differences Electronegativity Differences = ∆EN
O 3.2
Determining bond typeDetermine the absolutedifference (either + or -)
Type?O ___ - N____= _____ O ___ - O____=_____O ___ - H____=_____F____- Li ____=_____
Element EN
F 4.0 (4.1)
0 3.5
N 3.1
H 2.1
Li 1.0
Be 1.5
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
1H
2.1
2He
3Li
1.0
4Be1.5
5B
2.0
6C
2.5
7N
3.0
8O
3.5
9F
4.0
10Ne
11Na0.9
12Mg1.2
13Al1.5
14Si1.8
15P
2.1
16S
2.5
17Cl3.0
18Ar
19K
0.8
20Ca1.0
21Sc1.3
22Ti
1.5
23V
1.6
24Cr1.6
25Mn1.5
26Fe1.8
27Co1.9
28Ni1.9
29Cu1.9
30Zn1.6
31Ga1.6
32Ge1.8
33As2.0
34Se2.4
35Br2.8
36Kr3.0
37Rb0.8
38Sr1.0
39Y
1.2
40Zr1.4
41Nb1.6
42Mo1.8
43Tc1.9
44Ru2.2
45Rh2.2
46Pd2.2
47Ag1.9
48Cd1.7
49In
1.7
50Sn1.8
51Sb1.9
52Te2.1
53I
2.5
54Xe2.6
55Cs0.7
56Ba0.9
57La1.1
72Hf1.3
73Ta1.5
74W1.7
75Re1.9
76Os2.2
77Ir
2.2
78Pt2.2
79Au2.4
80Hg1.9
81Tl
1.8
82Pb1.9
83Bi1.9
84Po2.0
85At2.2
86Rn2.4
87Fr0.7
88Ra0.9
89Ac1.1
104Rf
105
Ha
106
Sg
107
Ns
108
Hs
109
Mt
110
Uun
111Uuu
112Uub
Electronegativity Values for ElementsCircle elements with highest & lowest value & label.Show trends for EN using arrows.
Electronegativity Learning Guide
Determine absolute differences Classify each bonding pair of elements as:
Ionic
Covalent If covalent, determine if the bond is: non-polar (∆ 0 – 0.3) or polar (∆0.4 – 1.7)
Types of BondsIonic CovalentMetallic
Ionic Bond Ionic Bond: formed with Bonds a __________ with a ____________
Valence electrons are ________________from the ___________ to the __________. Therefore, when the valence electron(s) are
transferred to the ____-______, the NM become _______ charged (a ________).
Ionic Bond∆EN = 1.8 – 3.2
Ionic bonds The electronegativity difference must be
equal to or greater than __________. Ionic bonds look like:
Na Cl
Opposite charges attract= electrostatic attraction
Formula unit
Like the attraction of magnets
Ionic compounds
Ionic bonds form ionic compounds. An ionic compound is composed of positive (cations) and negative (anions) ions that are combined so that the negative and positive charges are equal.
Note: Ionic compounds form lattice structures
Why do some atoms in formulas have subscripts and others do not?
Use electron dot notation to show bonds and compounds Lewis structures
Ionic Bonds – Transfer of electrons Show formula unit Strength of bonds (bond energy)
Using electron dot to show the transfer of electrons A metal must lose all its valence electrons A non-metal must gain enough valence electrons
to meet the Octet Rule.
Additional atoms (ions) of each type of element may be needed to form the correct compound.
Ionic Bonds & Compounds
Ionic Formula Ionic formula units: The charges of the atoms
in the compound must equal to zero. Na ion (Na ) and Cl ion (Cl )
_______ + ________ = 0
Na ion (Na ) and Ca ion (Ca ) _______ + ________ = 0
Ionic compound names Metal name + Non-metal (ide)
Prefix??
Note: will practice names & formulas after determining bonds
Properties of Ionic Compounds
Structure: Crystalline solidsMelting
point:Generally high
Boiling Point:
Generally high
Electrical Conductivity:
Excellent conductors, molten and aqueous
Solubility in water:
Generally soluble
Video: Discovery Ed Ionic bonds