agenda: 5/20 tools of genetics: restriction enzymes, recombinant dna (genetic engineering)...
TRANSCRIPT
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Agenda: 5/20• Tools of Genetics: Restriction Enzymes, Recombinant
DNA (Genetic Engineering)
• Recombinant DNA (Genetic Engineering) • What, why, how
• Reading- New Genetics • Overview • Genetic Engineering Challenge – Rice to prevent vitamin A deficiency
Homework: News article Summary + connection, change, impact
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Tools of Genetics: Recombinant DNA and Cloning• Read pp. 38 & 39: The New Genetics• Summarize:
• How do scientists move genes from one organism to another? • Explain the role of restriction enzymes• Explain how the DNA fragments are combined• Explain the role of cloning in the making of insulin
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RECOMBINANT DNA =GENETIC ENGINEERINGIntroduction
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Recombinant DNA (rDNA)• Method to create a new DNA molecule by piecing together
different DNA molecules
• When cells accept the rDNA, they will “express” the new genes by making the new proteins• Cells are “genetically engineered”
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Introduction• HHMI's BioInteractive - Genetic engineering
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Genetically engineered products- using recombinant DNA (rDNA)Why?
Products in the body are either:
(1) Made in too small quantities
(2) Made at the wrong time
(3) Lack an important characteristic
(4) Can be made in greater quantity for medical use
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Uses rDNA – proteins made by body in small quantities
• Insulin (first rDNA product; 1982)• Growth hormone
• Children with insufficient growth hormone or poor kidney function
• Blood clot prevention (plasminogen activator)• Larger quantities used to prevent heart attacks or strokes
• Blood clotting factor – for hemophilia• Gamma interferon – fight cancer growth
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Genetic Engineering –Recombinant DNA How?
1. Identify a molecule produced by a living organism
2. Isolate the instructions (DNA sequence = gene)
3. Put the instructions into another cell or organism
4. Allow the cell to replicate
5. Harvest the desired product
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What do we need to learn about to understand how recombinant DNA products? • Central Dogma
• Universal nature for all organisms
• Macromolecules• Proteins• Carbohydrates • Lipids • Nucleic Acid
• Transcription • Translation • Stem Cells
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The Vector (E. coli bacteria).
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Chromosome & Plasmid
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Genetic Engineering ChallengeHow can scientists develop rice that could prevent vitamin A deficiency?
• Macromolecules• What are the major
types?
• What is their composition? (Elements)
• Functions?
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Genetic Engineering ChallengeHow can scientists develop rice that could prevent vitamin A deficiency?
• Vitamin A deficiency
causes: 2.5 million deaths/year
250,000 – 500,000 cases of blindness/yr.
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Agrobacterium tumefaciens
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Agrobacterium tumefaciens
Bacteria found in the soil which produces Crown Galls
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Agrobacterium tumefaciens
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Bacteria
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DNA sequence to signal transcription of the gene
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Learning More about How Scientists Do Genetic Engineering
• Scientists have developed a genetically engineered type of rice called Golden Rice which produces rice grains with substantial quantities of pro-vitamin A. The actual process has been significantly more complex than the basic steps described in the activity you have completed.
• As you read these sources, note any additional steps or modifications of the procedures needed to genetically engineer rice plants that produce pro-vitamin A in their rice grains.
• Prepare a revised and expanded description of the steps needed to produce rice plants that make significant quantities of pro-vitamin A in their rice grains.
•
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Learning More about How Scientists Do Genetic Engineering• Scientists have developed a genetically engineered type of rice called
Golden Rice which produces rice grains with substantial quantities of pro-vitamin A. The actual process has been significantly more complex than the basic steps described in the activity you have completed.
For useful additional information read and view:• "How do you make a transgenic plant?" (including an animation demo
from the University of Nebraska at Lincoln; http://cls.casa.colostate.edu/transgeniccrops/how.html) (http://cls.casa.colostate.edu/transgeniccrops/animation.html)
• "Gene Manipulation in Plants" (http://www.open.edu/openlearn/science-maths-technology/science/biology/gene-manipulation-plants/content-section-4.3)