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ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS How did Islam grow out of Mecca? What are the principle teachings of Islam? How was Islam both a religion and a political entity? How did the expansion of empires contribute to the spread of Islam? What led to different sects of Islam? What achievements were made by the Islamic Empires?TRANSCRIPT
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AGENDAReview Sunni/Shia split9.2 Reading QuizGolden Age QuestionsStart Studyguide
Homework: Completed studyguide due next class Islam Test Monday, 12/21
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ISLAM December. 2015Ms. Costas & Ms. MarinoWorld History I
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ESSENTIAL QUESTIONSHow did Islam grow out of Mecca?What are the principle teachings of Islam?How was Islam both a religion and a political entity?How did the expansion of empires contribute to the
spread of Islam?What led to different sects of Islam?What achievements were made by the Islamic
Empires?
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ISLAM AT A GLANCEMonotheistic Allah (“God” in Arabic)Sacred text: Qur’anFollowers of Islam: MuslimMany different branches of Islam
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LIFE ON THE ARABIAN PENINSULAHarsh land, vast desert Occupied by bedouins = nomadsTrade routes converged at A.P. Rise in merchant townsMecca = merchant town Trade center Religious function KaabaoPolytheistic center of worship
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LIFE OF MUHAMMADMuhammad was born in 570 CE in Mecca Worked as a merchant Married at 25Unhappy with greed and corruption in
society 610 CE: He is meditating, has revelation from
Angel GabrieloSpeaks messages from Allah
Muhammad determines he is the prophet
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MUHAMMAD’S TEACHINGSReceives many messages Written down = Qur’anPreaches God’s words, gains following Criticized worship of pagan gods; Allah was only
true godMuhammad was seen as a threat to
authorities His safety is in jeopardy
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MUHAMMAD’S TEACHINGS622 CE: Muhammad flees to Medina Journey known as HijraoBecomes first year of Islamic calendar
Builds followers, faith is known as IslamMeccans fought Muhammad’s followers By 630 CE Muhammad controlled Mecca
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PRINCIPLE BELIEFS OF ISLAMThe revelations Muhammad received were
transcribed into the Qur’an Sacred text of IslamBelieved that only in Arabic can one
understand the full meaning and beauty of the text
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THE QUR’AN’S LAWSFive Pillars of Islam 1st Pillar - Shahada 2nd Pillar - Salat 3rd Pillar - Zakat 4th Pillar - Sawm 5th Pillar - Hajj
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FIVE PILLARS POSTERIn groups, you will create a poster for one of
the five pillars of IslamYour poster should include: Explanation of the PillaroMeaning/SignificanceoTraditions/Rituals
Picture/Illustration Neatly – with good qualityPosters will be presented
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THE SPREAD OF ISLAM
December 2015Ms. Costas & Ms. MarinoWorld History I
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WHO SHOULD SUCCEED MUHAMMAD?After the death of Muhammad: Why was determining a successor to Muhammad
such a difficult problem for the early Muslim community?
Explain the different claims of legitimacy made by Ali and Abu Bakr.
What separated the Sunni and Shi’ite Muslims?
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CONFLICT RECAP:SUNNI
1. Abu Bakr2. Umar3. Uthman (Umayyad clan)5. Mu’awiya (Umayyad clan)6. Yazid (Umayyad clan)
Successor to Muhammad: Caliph
SHI’ITE
4. Ali “7”. Husayn (Muhammad’s Grandson)
Successor to Muhammad: Imam
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DIVISION IN ISLAMSunni Muslims – “way of the Prophet” Collective wisdom of the community Imams are prayer leadersShi’ite Muslims – “party of Ali” Leader should be relative of Muhammad Imams interpret religious issues & can take on
political roles – “true successors to Muhammad”
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DIVISIONS IN ISLAMSufis – mystical/ascetic sect of Islam Reaction to worldliness of Umayyads ** Can be Sunni or Shi’ite Focused on personal relationship with God over
rituals and outward practices – perfect worship This can involve meditation, breathing exercises,
music, and dancing
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WHAT IS AN EMPIRE?Empire: a major political unit having a territory of
great extent or a number of territories or people under a single sovereign authority
Characteristics of Empires: Large territory Actively looking to expand and conquer Cultural pluralism – diversity in people, ethnicity, religion,
etc., within its borders Centralized governmentCaliphate: the Islamic Empire’s territory
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UMAYYADS (680 – 750)Sunni MuslimsCapital = DamascusEmpire stretched from India to Spain, including
North Africa and Middle EastCannot conquer ByzantinesNo forced conversions – social rankings according to: Muslims Christians & Jews Everyone else
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UMAYYAD'S – WHY SO SUCCESSFUL?Nomadic society – mobile and skilled at
fighting on the moveDirecting aggression outward reduced old
tribal conflictsAnything gained from conquest divided
equally among community“Allah is on our side in battle” – converts
non-believers in Arab community
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WHY CONVERT?Political and financial benefitsInter-marriageMuslims cannot enslave other MuslimsEasy to follow – most could perform 4 of the
5 Pillars of FaithSalvation & brotherhood
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ABBASIDS (750 – 935)Coup by the Abbasid clan and other Umayyad
enemiesCulture expands Capital = Bagdhad Many more converts Trade & Scientific achievementsDecline – decadence of caliph and out of touch
with populationTrouble spots in empire lead to rebellionSmaller groups take control – “empire” not united
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END OF UNITY