PowerPoint Presentation

Making the most of it: Combining seismic and electromagnetic observations in complex rock

IESE MT Team

J.Peacock, P.Leary, E.Shalev, M.Hasting, J.Pogacnik, & P.Malin

NORSAR MEQ Team --

J.Albaric, V.Oye, N.Langet, M.Hasting, I.Lecomte, K.Iranpour, M. Messeiller, & P.ReidAGIS Karlsruhe Meeting 28/11/20123 Part Outline:

I. Complex rocka. Coromandel outcropb. 3 Empirical rule for complex rockc. Well log and core evidence for complex rockd. THM coupling in complex rock the movies

II Combining seismic and electromagnetic observations in complex rocka. The event location conundrum at SAFODb. The MT coil experiment needs verification

III MEQ and MT at the Paralana HSA sitea. The MEQ event cloudb. The continuous and time-lapse MT effect

I. Coromandel NZ outcrop: why we need a new approach to thinking about/modeling fractures Graywacke reservoir exposure Coromandel New Zealand

Coromandel basement metasediments

spaced this far apartdflaws this long (strong)lLDThe first rule relates spacing and propertiesExpressed in terms of wavenumber

Rule I S(k) ~ 1/kThe second rule relatesporosity and permeabilityExpressed in terms of fluctuations

Rule II ~ log(k)The third rule relatesfluid flow and Rules I & II

2 mExpressed in terms of a power law

Rule III k ~ k010a(-0)3 Empirical rules for complex rock

Coromandel FracturesCompared to flaws this long (strong)spaced this far apart2 mvolume v

Data from Roger SlattRule I: reason to believe S(k) ~ 1/k from well logsS(k) = fluctuation power at kk = spatial frequencyS(k) ~ 1/kd (blue) dlog(k) (red) 78%92%86%69%94%87%87%94%86% ~ log() / k ~ k010a(-0)

Sample No.Well No.1 2 3 4 5 6 7 78% 92% 86% 69% 94% 87% 87%Rule II: reason to believe ~ log(k) from well core porosity and permeabilityNorth Sea gas field well-core samples of delta(porosity) ~ delta (log(permeability)) fluctuation relation.

Rules III k ~ k010a(-0) : a and injection well flow in complex rock a Perm Distribution Pressure Velocity smallmediumlarge

HEAT TRANSFER BY FLUID FLOW IN COMPLEX ROCK ISEMERGENTTHE HEAT SOURCE IS DOWN HERETHE WATER COMES IN HERETHE WATER COMES IN HERETHE WATER COMES OUT HERE1 KM1 KMWhat are meant by an emergent phenomena?

The problem:

Define drilling target using best 3-D method

Mag 2 repeating event ~ 10x10 m.

Phase 1: 60 surface stations, 2 years,located within 100 m errors

Phase 2: add 32 levels borehole, 1 year,located within 50 m errors moved 800 m

Phase 3: add sensor 400 m from target,located within 20 m errors moved 200 mII Combining seismic and electromagnetic observations in complex rockEarthquakes location: a lesson from SAFOD

MEQ and MT: the first test yet to be repeated (by us anyway)

?VelAccPod 1VelAccPod 3VelAccPod 5MTLow gainMid

High reversed polarityOct 1 2008 Event : Vel, Acc, MT

S-P2 x S-PS-P2 x S-POct 1 2008 Event : Stacked Raw and Low Pass MTSept 30 2008 Event : Stacked Raw and Low Pass MT

III MEQ and MT at the

Paralana HSA site

Seismic CMP profileMT profile

11 permanent MT

56 repeat MT profile

8 Borehole MEQ4-6 Surface MEQParalana: 3D MT, MEQ and Geology from Seismic Reflection

E1km1kmParalana: 3D MT and MEQ

1.Km~NENE

Paralana: Permanent MT station PB01 differences ~ a few hundred meters from well headPeriod of ~ 0.5-1 sec ~ 1 km; ~ 3-4 sec ~ 3-4 km Begin End

Permanent MT

Map

Day

Period

Impedance Tensor min/max ellipse

NE directed change

Max change ~ 3 4 kmParalana: 3D MT, MEQ and Phase Tensors

NE1km1kmParalana: 3D MT and MEQ

NEPossible LocationExtraction WellFully coupled Hydro-Thermal-Mechanical model including shear stresses in complex rock