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Agni Travel – Tailormade Greek Island Holidays of 35

WELCOME TO CRETEWe have supplied this villa book to give you additional knowledge about the Island of Crete and this fascinating Country.

We hope you find everything as you have expected at your accommodation but if you need anything at all, please do not hesitate to call using the contact numbers provided.

If this is your first time travelling with us or you are one of our many repeat clients we hope you enjoy your holiday and will return to experience another stay with us soon.

Please Note: Essential information, contact numbers and driving instructions are also included in your pre-arrival email and it is essential you print this and take it with you.

The Agni Travel Team


ESSENTIAL ADVICE:A I R C O N D I T I O N I N GWhere air conditioning units are fitted within our properties Agni Travel does not charge a local fee for their usage. However, due to the high running costs of air conditioning and to help the environment, clients are requested to observe our booking terms (part 2(c)) for proper use: Windows and doors must be kept closed while units are on. Air conditioning must only be used when you are in the property and should be switched off when you leave. (The units, being fan assisted, will very quickly cool your property on your return). The normal setting is 20-22 and you will find setting them lower than this will result in the units not functioning properly. C L E A N I N GThe maid will clean the villa 3 times per week with the towels and linen changed twice weekly including your arrival day. The maid will normally arrive around 09.00am depending on how many properties she has to clean and her duties are to clean and tidy the living areas, empty the rubbish bins and to make the beds. Any personal items left lying around may be collected with the laundry and might not be able to be retrieved. The maid will not do the washing up or clean the BBQ area so please leave this in a condition you would expect to find upon your arrival. R U B B I S HPlease take your rubbish to the nearest wheelie bins which are situated around the resort.E L E C T R I C I T YPlease familerise yourself with the fuse box location which is clearly marked in your holiday accommodation. The main fuse switch will automatically cut out if there is a power surge so if this happens please flick the switch to the on position. Sometimes the power will be switched off in the local area so please check the surrounding properties to see if they have power and if not it will be restored as soon as possible. If the power cut is just limited to your property please call the local Agni Travel office in Crete and we will send the owner/electrician ASAP.L O C K I N G U PAlthough Greece is generally safe, we recommend that whenever you leave your accommodation you ensure that all windows, French doors and shutters are locked, and the air conditioning, fans and lights are switched off. S I E S T AIn Greece siesta is taken very seriously. Between the hours of 15.00 and 17.00, shops close and people go home to sleep. If your villa has local neighbours, please be considerate.S U N U M B R E L L A SPlease make sure that the umbrellas are closed at night and when you leave the property. The wind can ‘whip’ up very suddenly, causing damage to the umbrella itself and to surrounding property. If they are left open and unattended we will have to ask you to pay for any damage incurred and for any broken umbrellas. T O I L E T SThe waste pipes are much smaller than those in the UK so please be considerate of the drainage systems and remember that a blocked toilet may not be resolved as quickly as we would like, especially in the high season. Please dispose of all paper items in the bin provided.


W A T E R A N D P L U M B I N GTap water is drinkable but due to different mineral content it is advisable to use bottled water for drinking and making ice.

Please use water sparingly. There is a possibility of occasional water cuts due to water shortages in the height of the summer. If your water does stop, then please immediately notify us so that we can try to arrange an emergency supply.

Location of the hot water heater switch is in the fuse box. Please ensure the switch is up when hot water is required, but we suggest that while showering the hot water heater switch is turned off.T E L E V I S I O NIf the property description on our website indicates a satellite television then you can expect to receive at least one English language channel. M A I N T E N A N C EPlease report any maintenance issues to us as soon as possible.S W I M M I N G P O O L SThe pool is cleaned on a regular basis and chemicals are added which we always try to get carried out early in the morning to avoid any inconvenience to you holiday. Please note that sometimes it can get quite windy and this can affect the condition of the swimming pool. L A U N D R Y A N D D I S H W A S H E R SPlease purchase the correct detergents for the washing machine and dishwasher if provided in your accommodation.


HEALTH AND SAFETY INFORMATION:B A L C O N I E SChildren should be supervised at all times when playing near balconies. Keep furniture away from the railings to distract children from climbing and please do not stand or lean on the railings.BBQPlease do not leave the BBQ unattended when in use and extinguish fully after use.B A T H R O O M SThe bathroom can get slippery at times so please take care to ensure you do not slip when bathing or showering. Please also test the hot water as it can get scalding hot especially when bathing or showering children.M O P E D SWe do not recommend the hire or use of mopeds or scooters due to the road and driving conditions. If you do decide to hire one wear a crash helmet at all times and check the conditions of your travel insurance as it is likely your insurance will not cover you.I N S E C T SInsects are very common in warm climates so there are certain measures which can be taken to make your stay more comfortable. Try not to leave food or drinks out and wipe any spillages immediately so not to discourage ants. The vast majority of our insects and reptiles are harmless but some might bite or sting which can cause discomfort and always seek medical advice if you are ever in doubt. S W I M M I N G P O O L S A F E T YWe want you to enjoy the swimming pool if provided at your accommodation but please take some time to read the swimming pool warning sign clearly displayed by the pool area.


WELCOME TO CRETE!Agni Travel welcomes you to Crete. The following guide will help you make the most of your holiday.THE IS LAN D OF CRET E

Crete, the largest of the Greek islands, lies to the southeast of the Greek mainland in the Mediterranean Sea. It is 260 km long with a width that ranges from 12 to 60 km.

Crete’s unique geographical position – between Europe, Asia and Africa – has shaped its history from antiquity to modern times. Today the island has a

population of over 600,000 people. While Crete has a modern, rapidly growing economy based on tourism and agriculture, the Cretan people, especially those in small towns and villages still maintain time-honoured customs and traditions, including Cretan music played on the Cretan lyra, Cretan dances like the pendozalis, and Cretan food.

The island of Crete has a rugged, mountainous terrain, with numerous gorges and ravines. The most well known is the Samaria Gorge, which is 18 km long and has vertical walls of rock that reach a height of 500 m. Samaria is the last refuge of the kri-kri, the Cretan wild goat, and home to many rare Cretan wildflowers. Samaria and the many other ravines in Crete have played a crucial role in preserving the rich flora and fauna of the island, because they are far removed from human activity.

Cretan people are known for their love of freedom and independence; they have played a leading role in all the struggles of the Greek nation. Crete’s archaeological sites – most notably the Minoan palaces at Knossos and Phaistos, its rich historical and cultural development, and its striking natural beauty, make it an ideal location for a university.EX PLORI N G CRET EBy the coast, search for quiet rocky coves or untouched sandy beaches. Inland, a network of twisting roads service local villages that seem totally untouched by tourism. Stop, explore and meet the warm and friendly Cretan people and discover deserted villages where today sheep and goats are the main residents!RELAX I N GLaze by the pool, or search for secret coves that can only be reached by boat. With sparkling waters and beachside tavernas awaiting you, Crete is a perfect 'stress cure'.RETU RN V IS I T ORSIncredibly varied, the island has something to offer everyone, and judging by the number of visitors who return year after year, it has a great deal to offer to many.


H I ST ORY – OVERV I EWCrete has a rich and fascinating history. Modern archaeological discoveries reveal that from about 3000 to 1200 BC Crete was the centre of a flourishing Bronze Age civilization. The Cretan cultural achievements of this period, called the Minoan period, revealed those of Egypt and Mesopotamia in the same period. The island had 90 independent cities, the greatest of which was Knossos, capital of the realm of the legendary Cretan king Minos.

In 67 BC the island was conquered by the Romans. In 395 AD it passed to the Byzantine Empire. The island fell to the Arabs in 826 and remained under their rule until 961, when

it was re-conquered by the Byzantines. Following the Fourth Crusade (1204), Crete was sold to the Venetians. In 1645 the Ottoman Empire began military operations in Crete against the Venetians, completing conquest of most of the island in 1669 and acquiring complete control in 1715. Cretan revolts against Turkish rule subsequently occurred and in 1913, following a bitter and lengthy struggle, Crete was ceded to Greece.SAFET YCrete is safe, the locals honest, and you need not worry about walking on your own at night. If there were any danger at all, it would be from other tourists. Tourist resorts sometimes attract individuals who are looking for an opportunity to steal easily. But the locals are a tight community and will immediately investigate a suspicious person. Crime and theft is very rare, and even these days many locals do not lock their car or homes.CHU RC HESPlease remember to cover bare shoulders and legs when entering places of worship. Most churches are closed in the afternoons between 13.00 – 17.00.CRET AN CAT S AN D DOGSIn Crete, as in many parts of Greece, cats thrive. However, please do not feed stray cats and dogs or let them inside your accommodation. Subsequent clients may dislike or be allergic to them. More importantly, stray animals become dependent on food given to them during the summer season and may suffer during the winter months when there are no tourists to feed them.MON EY AN D ATMSThe local currency is of course the Euro. ATMs are readily available throughout the island, particularly in the towns and larger resorts. Credit cards are now widely accepted on Crete.WHAT HAPPEN S I F YOU N EED A D OCT OR?Should you need healthcare during you holiday do not worry, you will be in good hands. Most local doctors speak English and many have trained in the UK. All major resorts have a doctor’s surgery that can be used for minor emergencies. The general hospital in Chania is quite new and the care is very good. There are several private clinics that are better still, and although you pay your travel insurance will usually cover the costs.

If you need a doctor please refer to the emergency numbers at the beginning of this book.


CRET E AN D THE ROAD SGreek roads have improved over the years and pot-holes are no longer quite so plentiful, although they do still exist, especially on the smaller roads. However, the overriding problem though is olives. Many roads are olive tree lined and olives tend to fall onto the tarmac to be squashed by your rental Suzuki Jeep's tyres, ensuring that only the finest quality cold-pressed extra virgin olive oil is drizzled in your path! Watch out as this can make for a very slippery drive.DO NO T WO R R YWith extra care and respect for other road users your driving experience here will be a delight. Around a corner you might meet a donkey, but you will almost certainly find breathtaking view. Take a turn off the main roads and go exploring, search for a tiny cove or traditional hamlet. You may get slightly mislaid, but you won’t get completely lost, Crete isn’t big enough for that! DR I V I N G LICENCE

When driving your rental car, it is necessary to carry your driving licence at all times. If you do not have a new 'photo' version, then we recommend you carry your passport as well. DR I N K D R I V I N G L A W SThe laws governing drink-driving are similar to those in much of Europe, and the maximum legal blood alcohol concentration limit when driving is .05%, somewhat stricter that in the UK where it is .08%. PE T R O L ST A T I O N S

Please note that many of the petrol stations close on Sundays and public holidays. Opening hours are 07.00 – 21.00 Monday – Saturday.


WAT ERThe water supply to your villa can come from two sources:LO C A L M A I N S :The local water supply is usually of high quality as it comes directly from the mountain (usually from a bore hole). However, the mineral content might be too high for delicate tummies, especially young children. A ST E R N A :Most villas and apartments are sensibly built with an underground ‘sterna’. These store rainwater that has been collected from the roof during the winter months and is usually located under your villa. Consequently, it may be unwise to drink, although washing your hair with the water will leave it incredibly soft. If the sterna runs dry water often has to be trucked in at great expense to the owner. Therefore, during your stay, please:

Do not water the garden without the owner's permission

Make sure taps are not left running

Where possible take showers rather than a bathNO WA T E R? If there is a power cut you may find your water supply goes off as most water is pumped. There are also occasionally water cuts, although these rarely last for more than an hour or so.BO T T L E D WA T E RGenerally, you should not have a problem drinking the local mains water, but to be on the safe side we would recommend drinking bottled water.


CHAN I AChania lies on the north coast of west Crete and is the capital of Chania Prefecture. Chania Prefecture covers the westernmost end of Crete and features a combination of many beautiful beaches, small fertile plains, high mountains and deep gorges, such as the Samaria Gorge. Chania Prefecture is the greenest part of the island, as the range of the White Mountains ensures the highest rainfall in Crete.

Chania is one of the oldest cities in Crete, with a rich and tumultuous history. Today it is the second most populated city on the island, a city which has preserved its traditional architecture and most of its monuments from Venetian and Turkish times. The Venetian harbour with its lighthouse and the old town in the centre have bestowed on Chania the reputation of the most picturesque city in Crete, welcoming thousands of visitors each year.

Crete Town is split into two distinct areas, the old and the new. The New Town is a busy metropolis filled with boutique shops and businesses, great for some serious shopping. However, the real gem is The Old Town. Designated in 2007 as an UNESCO World Cultural Heritage Site, it is a maze of narrow streets dominated by a 16th century fortress, popularly known as the ‘New Fortress’. Around every corner can you can find a chapel, old mansion or secret garden square.TH E VE N E T I A N TO W N A N D HA R B O U RChania is a city of unique beauty, filled with an abundance of fragrant flowers, and boasting a rich cultural heritage. Ancient and modern monuments, the Venetian Harbour and the Old Town, colourful neighbourhoods, a traditional lifestyle and the friendly inhabitants warmly invite you to become acquainted with the city, promising you unforgettable moments. Present day Chania is built on the ancient site of “Kydonia”, a town of importance, which existed until the end of the 2nd Byzantine period. The Byzantines also built great fortifications.

According to evidence, during the Arab occupation there was a town named “Rhiaddh El Djobn” meaning “City of Cheese”. The name “Chania” originally appears as “Canea” during the Venetian occupation. It is historically confirmed however, that the Venetians first built the town under the name of “La Canea” and during its occupation it thrived and prospered as the most important administrative centre of Western Crete.

In 1645, the Turks following a siege that lasted two months conquered Chania. The revolution that broke out on the Greek mainland during 1821 influenced the Cretans, who attempted to liberate their island from the Turkish occupation, but their rebellion was suppressed by Egyptian troops. The Egyptians then remained in power until 1840 and during that time they exhibited great interest in repairing the old Port. Opposite the lighthouse, the “Firkas” fortress dominates the entrance to the harbour. It was here that the flag of the Greek republic was hoisted in 1913 as official endorsement of Crete’s union with the Greek State. After the union with Greece, Chania played the prominent role as the financial, cultural and administrative centre of the entire island. The town of Chania is still one of the most beautiful architecturally designed towns in the Mediterranean.


CH A N I A CA T H E D R A LThe history of the cathedral in the Turkish period is particularly interesting. The Ottomans turned the church into a soap factory. The boiler for the soap ingredients was where the bell tower now stands. However, the icon of the Presentation of the Virgin was kept in a storeroom inside the church, with an oil-lamp always lit before it, on the sufferance of the Turkish Pasha of Chania.

In the mid-19th century a man called A. Tserkaris worked at the soap factory. Legend has it that the Virgin appeared to him in a vision and told him to leave, because she did not

want her house to be a soap factory. Tserkaris left, taking the icon with him.

A little later, the child of Mustapha Naili Pasha accidentally fell into the well south of the church. In despair, Mustapha Pasha called upon the Virgin to save his child, in return for which he would give the church back to the Christians of Chania. The Virgin miraculously saved the child, the soap factory was handed over to the Christian community to build a new church, and Tserkaris returned the icon of the Presentation of the Virgin.

The cathedral had just been completed when it was damaged in the 1897 Revolution. It was restored at the expense of the Tsar of Russia, to make amends for the Russian bombardment of Akrotiri. The cathedral bell was also a gift from the Russian Tsar. In the cathedral square stands a statue of Ecumenical Patriarch Athenagoras. CH A N I A MA R K E TDon't miss the Municipal Market of Chania, modelled on the market in Marseilles, France and one of the best in Greece. For those who are self-catering there is no better place to find cheese, olives, fruits, vegetables, meat and especially fish. For those looking for a pleasant restaurant where you can eat what the locals eat and know it is fresh and the highest quality then go to where the butchers and merchants of the market eat, at one of the many restaurants here. Be sure to try the pasta, especially if you have a hangover. There are cafes where you can drink coffee and listen to the sounds of the market and watch the people pass by, or you can buy traditional gifts to take home with you from one of the traditional Cretan goods shops. VE N E T I A N S H I P Y A R D SThe Venetian arsenals or shipyards date from the late 15th century. The Venetian fleet dominated the Mediterranean at that time and here in the shipyards they built and repaired ships. The buildings are 50 metres long and 9 metres wide and they have 10 metres high vaulted ceilings. Previously they had large wooden doors and they were standing in the sea so the boats could easily enter. Now there is a quay in front of the arsenals and so this is no longer possible. I came across all kinds of different numbers on how many there once were and how many there were left. I personally counted 10 that are still in the harbor today: seven in a row and a little further at the end of another three.


OUR CRETE RECOMMENDATIONS:RE T H Y M N O NRethymnon is one of the four prefectures of Crete built at the north of the island. It is situated between the prefectures of Chania and Heraklion, next to the Cretan Sea in the north and the Libyan Sea in the south. Its capital, which has the same name as the prefecture, is situated 58 km from the town of Chania and 78 km from the town of Heraklion. The central part of the town of Rethymnon is built on the cape of the northern shore of the prefecture. This developing town stretches along the northern sandy

beach, which has a total length of 13 km, whilst a range of low mountains rises up south of the town centre. The district of Rethymnon extends from Lefka Ori to Psiloritis and its area is 1.496 km, population 70.095 people. Rethymnon is a very picturesque small town (it looks like the Chania city) with fine waterfront (lovely cafes, tavernas and shops are located here), a long, sandy beach in front of the town and a lovely old Venetian town, similar to the Chania old town; it is characterisd by picturesque streets with small cafes, shops and traditional tavernas, and many renovated Venetian buildings; the Venetian fortress (Fortezza) above the town and the fine Lighthouse are the landmarks of Rethymnon.


ELAFON I S I BEAC HElanfonisi is a small islet located on the southwest tip of Crete. Easter Sunday of 1824 was a tragic day for this place because of the massacre that took place there. 850 women and children were hidden on the island seeking refuge from the troops of Ibrahim Pasha that had camped on the opposite beach.

A horse found the shallow reef that leads from the beach to Elanfonisi so the Turks discovered their hiding place and slaughtered them. A memorial plaque is put on the highest point of the island.

The tropical beach is very popular and can be very busy because of all the organised excursions but early in the morning and off season it can still be a place of relaxation. A dirt road from Elafonisi leads to Crissoskalitisa monastery.

PALEOC HORAAbout 75 Km from Chania on the south part of Crete (Libyan sea) is located Paleochora (Paliohora) behind a Venetian castle on a small peninsula. Below the castle there is a small fishing harbour and an islet to the Southwest. A daily boat connection exists with Sougia, Agia Roumeli, Hora Sfakion, Loutro and Elafonisi. Finally there is a boat to Gavdos, Europe's southern most spot. FRAN GOKAS T ELLO Located on the South coast of Crete 12 kilometres east from Hora Sfakion and 86 kilometres from Chania town. Frangokastello lies on gently shelving, fine sand beach backed by beautiful mountains. Relative remoteness of the area ensure a stunning, natural, peaceful oasis as refuge from urban, loud and crowded places. It is "other world", definitely. Frangokastello economy is related to tourism, olive oil production, farming, sheep and goat herding and fishing.

The site of the old "Castel Franco" (Franchise Castle), was built by the Venetians in 1371 as a defence against pirates and Cretan rebels. The Venetians built the castle right on the beach in 1371, to protect themselves from pirates and from the constant revolts of the locals. They called it Castel Franco and that's how Frangokastello took its name. The castle carries a blood-drenched history related to the struggle for freedom against the Turks. Related to this history, a strange phenomenon called Drosoulites, takes place in Frangokastello, and according to the legend, is related to the Battle of Frangokastello.


PLAKAPlaka has a fantastic view of Souda Bay (the largest natural bay in the Mediterranean), while from the South there is a view of the White Mountains (Lefka Ori) which are covered with snow throughout the winter. Northwards the village faces Akrotiri (where the international Chania airport is situated and from the North East it meets with the mountainous area Drapanokefala. Plaka has the most beautiful sunsets, famous water caves where one can take a picnic and swim on the rocky coastline. Around the village there are interesting walking routes - (ranging from 3 to 10 kilometres) for the visitor to explore and exercise. Plaka is one of the 75 villages in the Apokorona Province and belongs to the Vamos Municipality. Every summer at the end of July the village has a traditional feast organised to honour the memory of the great lyra player Mihalis Papadakis. During the feast guests enjoy Cretan dances and can visit the textile and ceramics exhibitions. The custom of Klidonas is celebrated at the end of June and the Carnival usually takes place in March.CRET E BOT AN IC AL PARK

One of the newest and best Crete attractions for visitors of all ages is the fabulous Botanical Park of Crete located close to Chania. You'll find the Botanical Park of Crete in the foothills of the beautiful White Mountains on the lovely scenic road leading up to Omalos (the starting point of the Samaria Gorge). The botanical gardens are just 15km from Chania Town and are easily accessible from many of the resorts of Western Crete.

A cross between a scenic hike and an interesting nature trail, the Botanical Gardens offers visitors a fantastic day out away from the beach. The 1 to 2 hour trek takes you through some of the most spectacular scenery, alive

with butterflies and a variety of wild birds. The many and varied plants, herbs and trees thrive in two hundred square kilometres of beautifully planted terraces on the hillside.


THE BEST BEAC HES OF WEST ERN CRET ETH E B E A C H E S W E S T O F CH A N I AA long sandy beach stretches to the West of Chania for many kilometres. Once almost uninhabited, this part of the coast has become the main tourist concentration in western Crete. The communes (they really cannot be called villages) of Stalos, Agia, Marina and Platanias form a long succession of hotels, apartments, eateries, bars and tourist shops. The beaches are good but crowded.GE O R G I O U P O L I S

Georgioupolis and the other long (9 km) sandy beach on the north coast are following the same destiny as the beaches west of Chania: one hotel after the other is being built between the main road and the beach. Some stretches of the beach, particularly the eastern end are still pretty quiet.

FA L A S A R N AFalasarna on the west coast of Crete is a nice beach with beautiful water (rated the second cleanest water in Greece in 1999). Beach umbrellas and their accompanying paraphernalia have sprouted there as well. Still a really nice spot if you can avoid going there on windy days.GR A M V O U S S AGramvoussa, or more exactly Tigani to Balos which is the tip of the westernmost peninsula of Crete, was long a secret spot, only accessible by private boat or a long walk. Magical turquoise waters, lagoons, beaches of pure white sand. SO U G I ASougia beach, although it is a pebble beach, is one of the best beaches for several reasons: being 1200 m long and located by a small village it is never crowded, there are no beach umbrellas (but the inhabitants of Sougia have thoughtfully provided a few showers), nudism is tolerated on a large part of the beach, the sea and the beach are very clean, the surrounding landscape is beautiful, the pebbles are fine so not at all uncomfortable to lie on.


PL A K I A S A N D S U R R O U N D I N G SPlakias has grown tremendously in the last two decades, from a tiny fishing village to a destination for package tours. The neighboring "hot tips" such as Damnoni have gone or are going the same way. Some still like it, probably because of the beautiful landscape.


WALKI N G AN D H I KIN G I N CRET ECrete, especially the West, is a walker's paradise. It has the unique combination of beautiful seas and high mountains. The geographical diversity and wild beauty of the island, the friendliness of its inhabitants as well as the climate are gradually making it into a choice destination for walking and hiking. The whole island is criss-crossed by trails, most of them now disused since roads have been built or used only by shepherds. It is possible to walk all day without meeting a soul and still reach a village where you can eat and sleep in relative comfort before setting off for another day in nature. The truly dedicated hikers can go to areas that are practically unknown and totally

uninhabited, with undisturbed flora and fauna, be it in deep gorges or high up on the mountains. WA L K I N G I N D E P E N D E N T L Y I N CR E T ECrete is a great place to come and the friendliness of the inhabitants, absence of criminality as well as the easy availability of accommodation just about anywhere make it a good choice if you want to set off walking independently with friends or even all alone. It is also fine if you are a woman on your own.

Common problems you might encounter when walking independently in Crete:

Underestimating the difficulty of the terrain is possibly the most common difficulty encountered by walkers who are new to Crete. It is rough and wild and the paths are often much smaller than what they are used to elsewhere. What looks easy and possibly really straightforward on a map can be surprisingly challenging at times.

Getting lost because a lot of paths are not well marked.

Problems with the heat are common in the summer. It just isn't the right time to walk, at least not at sea level.

Not being able to find out what would have been a good walking trip until you have almost reached the end of your holiday because by then, you have had a good look at parts of the island and are having a good idea of what the really great parts are. This is of course when the Crete bug bites and you will feel compelled to come back for more and more and more... This last difficulty is not too hard to avoid if you spend some time researching where the places and walks that attract you might be.


THE GORGE OF SAMARI AThe gorge of Samaria is the second most popular tourist attraction in Crete (after the Minoan palace of Knossos) and by far the most popular walk. More than a quarter million people walk through the gorge every year from beginning of May to the end of October. In the winter the gorge (located in the National Park of Samaria) is closed to visitors because of the danger posed by water and falling stones.

The reason for the popularity of Samaria may be that it is said to be the longest gorge in Europe, it may also simply be

that it is an area of stunning natural beauty, passing through forests of ancient cypresses and pines, then cutting very deep between vertical cliffs through the mountains to emerge at Agia Roumeli by the Libyan sea in the South of Crete

Do not be misled by the fact that so many people walk through the Samaria gorge and think that it is just an easy stroll: the gorge is 16 km long (not 18 as is mentioned in most sources) and the path, although it is maintained and in good condition by Cretan standards, is always stony and also steep at times. If you never walk or take any type of exercise you may find it all pretty heavy going and you will certainly feel your legs for days afterwards.

The walk through the gorge from Xyloskala (near Omalos) at an altitude of 1250 metres down to Agia Roumeli will take you anything from 3 to 5 hours of walking time (excluding the breaks).

Finally, if you are attracted by the idea of walking through this beautiful gorge but put off by the crowds there is a way around it: 99% of the people walking through the gorge of Samaria do so in the morning. If you start in the middle of the day and, walking at a leisurely pace get to Agia Roumeli in the evening you will meet only a handful of people. You can spend the night in Agia Roumeli and if you wish, return to your "base" the following day. In the summer months this will also help you avoid walking the last two kilometres which are without shade in the blazing sun. All in all and if you don't have to rely on organised tours to take you through the gorge it will be a far more fulfilling experience than walking with the masses


WA L K I N G S A F E L Y I N CR E T EThe advice below is some specific points to deal with certain places and situations. Please read through it and try to remember what might apply to what you are planning to do.

Crete is a pretty rough Island and the ground is stony and uneven, the footpaths are often very small so you must watch your step all the time. If you want to look at the surrounding countryside stop first then look. Not doing so is possibly the biggest factor of accidents.

Shoes: you need good walking shoes to be comfortable. If you don't have walking shoes and prefer to walk in trainers this is also OK on many walks but make sure that the soles have a good profile. Sandals, even good walking sandals are not that great because of the stony ground and the constant risk of bumping your toes.

Sun protection is necessary even on sunny winter days.

Walking sticks: If you are used to them, take them with you. But bear in mind that walking sticks are less useful on the stony Cretan ground than they could be on grassy slopes or long regular stretches of terrain.

Water: in the summer you will need to drink a lot and will also need to carry an emergency supply of water in case you get delayed or lost. There are not that many water places on the paths, you may also not find tiny springs or they might dry out in summer.

Never walk in a gorge when it is raining or has just rained. The danger of flash floods is very minimal but there is a high risk of stones falling from the friable limestone cliffs. If it starts raining whilst you are in a gorge get out of it as quickly as you can. If there is no escape route minimize the risk by avoiding walking right below the cliffs. Another thing to look for in gorges, even when it doesn't rain, is goats. Goats (and kri-kri but those are rare) tend to dislodge stones when they move about in cliffs or on slopes and you should avoid walking below goats. Keep an eye out for them.

Don't walk on your own unless you know for certain that the path is well-frequented. Many places rarely see a soul for days on end and a small injury (such as a sprained or broken ankle) could have dramatic consequences. If you cannot find a walking companion, make sure that someone knows where you are going and when you are expected back. A mobile telephone (with a charged battery as well as the phone number of someone local to call) is also a good idea. Almost every year, some people "disappear" because they didn't take these basic precautions.

Mobile phones: coverage is excellent in Crete but not in gorges and not in the centre of the White Mountains (unless you know on which ridge or summit to climb in order to get a signal). Make sure that your batteries are charged before setting off. If you go into the high mountains carry your phone close to your body. Batteries can discharge really fast when it is cold.

Carry a torch in case you get delayed. It is not possible to walk at night on a Cretan path without a torch unless you know it very well. If you know that you are likely to be walking at night carry a dual-beam headlamp. One of the beams is a strong halogen which is used to search for the path. The other is a less powerful beam which saves on battery life and is strong enough for you to see where you are going. If you are not planning to walk at night and just want a safety backup carry a small headlamp with a powerful wide halogen bulb. You cannot use it as a far reaching beam for searching but you can see where you are going and most important, your battery won't die.

Choose the right time of the year for the type of walk that you intend to do: July and August is generally too hot for walks at sea level. You run the risk of dehydration and sunstroke. This is the perfect time of the year for mountain walks though.


CHU RC HES AN D MON AS T ERI ESDuring your stay on Crete, do not miss out on the opportunity to visit at least one of the many Greek Churches and Monasteries. Inside even the smallest of churches you will find ornate decoration and beautifully painted icons. Their stunning architecture and ceiling paintings pay homage to the Orthodox faith of the people who built and worship in them.DO ’S A N D DO N ’T SA word of warning. Strictly no cameras in Greek Orthodox churches and out of respect, please cover your shoulders and legs - beach attire should stay at the beach! Shorts are acceptable, but you must wear at least a T-

shirt, and for the girls it is essential to have shoulders covered.WAT ERPARKSThis water paradise situated in a beautiful area of almost 100.000 square metres. Its big pool is 1.500 square metres and it provides a pool bar, Jacuzzi and a small artificial island with wooden markings for kids. The highlights of the water park include an artificial river, the "lazy river" of 206 metres total length and the water slides which offer two freefall rides, a black hole and a triple twist (three different interconnected, covered water slides). The water park also has soccer fields, kids' playgrounds, fast food, a restaurant, the pirates bar at the artificial island and also a mini market and a first aid centre. Limnoupolis is open everyday from 10:00 to 19:00 and it is just next to the village Varipetro, only six kilometres from Chania (tel. 0030 28210 33246 & 0030 28210 33268). CRET E RAKI

Go into any souvenir shop or supermarket on Crete and you will see bottles of the Cretan distilled spirit known as Raki or Tsikoudia. This is also homemade by individual families for their own consumption with many families having their own still or sharing a distillery with their often large extended families. The Raki is made in the autumn after the grape harvest when the vines have been pruned. Some Raki makers will add wild herbs such as Thyme or Rosemary while others will sweeten the clear liquid with honey making it a rich golden colour. Raki should be drunk sensibly as over indulgence could lead to a severe hangover!


EXPLORING CRETEThere are various ways to get around the island. Hire a car or moped, take a local bus, an excursion by coach, a taxi or even a boat taxi. Whatever your preference may be, here are some details of the various ways to see the beautiful island of Crete. CR E T E A N D T H E RO A D SCrete’s roads can be a little challenging at times, especially some of the smaller ones that, even in these enlightened times, are not always devoid of potholes, loose gravel and the occasional errant goat! However, roads are normally well signposted, in English as well as Greek, and these days they are no longer so poor that a 4x4 is essential if you want to go off the beaten track.

CAR H I RE AN D RENT ALA hire car really is the most flexible way to get out and about, explore the inland villages, be enchanted by the wonderful views and get to the most beautiful of beaches. CA R RE N T A L – W H A T Y O U N E E D T O K N O W

The minimum rental period is one day. Longer rental periods attract a more advantageous daily rate.

Do check insurance details. Some companies demand high excesses and most will not cover damage to the underside of the vehicle or tyres.

Don’t forget to bring your driving licence. Without it you will not be able to hire a car.

As with most European countries, you drive on the right in Crete, and cars are left-hand drive.

During peak periods (mid June to September) it is advisable to pre-book your car before your arrival, as late bookings cannot always be arranged.


OT HER FORMS OF TRAN S PORTMO P E D S , S C O O T E R S A N D Q U A D B I K E SIf you decide to rent a moped or bike, please be very careful. As well as being an essential safety precaution, crash helmets are in fact a legal requirement when riding, despite the fact they many locals do not seem to wear them. Reputable hirers will always include a helmet as standard, do wear it. LO C A L B U S E SLocal buses are both an experience and inexpensive way to travel. However, bus timetables can be a little difficult to find and often change without notice! The best way is to ask a local, they are normally happy to share their years of experiencing odd times and strange bus stop locations!TA X I S These are relatively inexpensive methods of transport and you will find the drivers are both courteous and careful. It is quite acceptable to ask for and agree the price to your destination before setting off.B I C Y C L E SAre becoming a popular form of transport. Bicycles of all shapes and sizes, bikes with child seats and even trailers are now readily available to hire in most resorts for just a few euros a day.BO A T A N D CO A C H EX C U R S I O N SOrganised trips both around the coastline and around the island are widely available. If you are unsure about driving during your stay these can be a realistic alternative.


CRETE WEATHER AND WHEN IS THE BEST TIME TO VISIT J A N U A R Y T O M A R C H :This is the real winter time. The weather can be cold and rainy, the deserted towns and villages often melancholic but sometimes a little depressing. But when the sun comes out all is forgotten and you can enjoy stupendous views of the snowy mountains (there is at times over 3m of snow on them). This is also the time where flowers start to grow, almond trees blossom in January, anemones are plentiful and the citrus trees are full of fruit. You might find it difficult to get food and lodging in tourist resorts but will have no problems in the cities. If you come to Crete for culture and essentially want to spend time in the museums, visit archaeological sites and churches, it is not at all a bad time. Winter is almost the only time of the year when you can visit Knossos and the Archaeological Museum of Heraklion without having to jostle with crowds. Although Crete can be cold, it never gets as cold as in northern Europe: the lowest temperature measured in Heraklion was -0,1°C (in 1928).

M A R C H A N D A P R I L :The weather is still unstable and can be very pleasant or very rainy. The nights will still be cool or even cold. The sea is still too cold to swim in it. After the winter rains the island is at its greenest and literally carpeted with flowers. April sees the first tourists and is also the time of the Greek Easter (not on the same date as the Catholic Easter), the most important feast of the year giving you the best opportunity to experience the hospitality of traditional Crete.

M A Y A N D J U N E: You are almost guaranteed to get good weather, the sea is warmer, there are still a lot of flowers, not too many tourists. It is maybe the best time of the year to visit Crete, especially if you intend to hike as the weather isn't too hot yet.

J U L Y A N D A U G U S T : The high season! The weather is hot, very hot, too many tourists especially since the Greeks have "discovered" Crete as a holiday destination. The sea of course is wonderfully warm and if you search a little it is possible to find villages and beaches that remain fairly quiet.

S E P T E M B E R A N D O C T O B E R : These are better months as the weather is not as hot anymore. The sea is still really warm and there are far less tourists. The Cretans - especially the ones who work with tourism - although tired from the summer season are getting more relaxed. It is also one of the preferred periods for hikers. One drawback is that as it has not rained for several months the nature is really dry.

N O V E M B E R A N D D E C E M B E R : Tourism comes to an abrupt stop at the end of October with the end of charter flights. These months are as quiet as January and February but the chances of good weather are much higher. It is also still possible to swim.


SAMPLI N G T HE LOC AL CUI S IN EA FE W PO I N T E R SBefore eating out in Greece, why not become familiar with a few of the local customs, the dishes available and how to enjoy Greek cuisine?GR E E K EA T I N G PL A C E SGreek eating establishments vary enormously; with locals themselves considering the best places to be where the food is freshly cooked and plentiful. This is often where the setting or cuisine is not the fanciest, so it is not uncommon to find that the most popular eating places are in particularly remote spots or in unlikely locations, some of which bear an uncanny resemblance to someone’s living room!

The combination of traditional cooking and outside influences has produced a huge variety of restaurants and tavernas in Greece. The following are just a few of the ones you will find on Crete.

The most common and traditional Greek eating place is usually family-run and open all day.PS A R O TA V E R N AA fish taverna offering fresh fish and sometimes a few meat dishes. Usually the taverna will have its own 'dedicated' fisherman, sometimes this is the owner. The menu will always reflect what has been freshly caught.PS I S T A R I AThese charcoal grill-room 'tavernas' are mostly found in the mountain villages and are often one of the most overlooked tourist 'experiences'. The service can be patchy, the presentation basic, but the taste and quality superb. They offer just a few starters and salads and many types of barbecued meats. Look out for 'Kokoretsi' - goat innards wrapped in intestine and gently grilled over charcoal – it is a truly delicious Greek delicacy, but not for the squeamish!P I Z Z E R I AIt is not surprising to fine some great pizza houses on Crete, considering the Italian influence. Many also serve traditional Greek dishes.SN A C K BA R S Quick, easy and usually good value for money. Found in Crete town and some of the more touristy resorts.SO U V L A T Z I D I K AGreat fun! A sort of takeout Psistaria offering small souvlakis (kebabs) often made into 'gyros' by wrapping them in toasted pita bread with salad and tzatiki.ZA C H A R O P L A S T E I O NA cake and coffee shop, often combined with a bakery. OU Z E R IA bar that offers a selection of 'mezes' to go with your drink. These can range from a few olives and a little feta cheese to a large platter of mixed starters.


KA F E N E I O NA meeting place mostly for the local male population who manage to spend a great deal of the day talking about politics and football!T I MI N GGreeks do not expect quick service and often frown upon food that is too hot! Waiters will not rush you and will rarely deliver food in the same order as it was placed. Dishes sometimes arrive as and when they are ready - just sit back and relax and you will soon adjust to the Greek way of life!

WH A T T O EA TFirstly, and maybe surprisingly, fish tends to be expensive. Prices are usually per kilo not per portion. When looking at the menu do not assume that everything listed will be available! The golden rule is that if the price has been removed then the dish is not on offer. Many establishments work on a 'seasonal availability' basis, as most produce is local. In some of the more traditional places, it is usual to go into the kitchen to be shown what is available; great for those who have trouble selecting from the menu. Greek menus by law have to be in Greek and English. Some of the translations may cause you some amusement.ST ART ERS:TA R A M A S A L A T ATa-ra-mo-sa-lata: A fish roe dip made with garlic, onion, breadcrumbs, olive oil and lemon juice. Homemade versions are light salmon in colour and a delight. If you are offered an artificial bright pink sludge, then it has been bought in; drink up and find somewhere else to eat!

Tz-at-ziki: The famous yoghurt, cucumber and garlic dip. Scooped up with fresh bread, it makes a refreshing snack.DO L M A D E SDol-ma-thes: Vine leaves stuffed with rice or meat - normally served cold. Fresh ones are only available early in the season (May and June) when the vine leaves are fresh, otherwise they are tinned!T I R O P I T T ATi-ro-pi-tta: Filo pastry pies stuffed with feta cheese. These are an absolute delight. Also look out for Sp-ana-ko-pitta - which are the same but with a little spinach added.


SA G A N A K ISag-an-aki: A hard Greek cheese which is battered and shallow fried. Served with a large chunk of lemon.G I G A N T E SGi-gan-tes: Large butter type beans, baked in a thick, seasoned, tomato, onion and garlic sauce.KE F T E T H E S

Kef-teth-es: Fried meatballs with garlic and herbs.LO U K A N I K OLou-kan-iko: Spicy local sausages - usually grilled.

MAI N COU RS ES – F IS HPR A W N SA G A N A K IPrawn Sag-an-aki: a rich creamy dish with king-size prawns, feta cheese, tomato and a little garlic.KA L A M A R I

Ka-la-mari: Baby squid, usually fried with a dusting of flour, but better grilled. Fresh ones are normally only available when there is no moon as they are caught with the aid of a powerful 'gas lamp'. The light attracts them to the surface. Watching dozens of illuminated fishing boats bobbing along the coast on a dark summer’s night is quite magical.OC T A P O T H IOc-ta-po-thi: Octopus often boiled and served in what the locals call a 'salad'. Actually these are small pieces in olive oil with no salad in sight! It is though very tasty, a little bit like chicken. Grilled is also excellent, but often quite expensive as it

shrinks to a tiny size when cooked. The octopus is caught using a long pole with a few leaves attached to the end, plus a liberal sprinkling of hooks! The pole is prodded around the rocks to tempt the octopus to grab the leaves, a time consuming task.AT H E R I N AAth-e-ri-na: Whitebait. Tiny fish that are fried and usually eaten whole.MA R I T H E SMa-ri-thes: Sardine sized fish which are fried and yummy. Incidentally, sardines and many other fish also caught at night are not available when there is a full moon. The reason is that the fish can 'see' the nets and simply avoid them.


MAI N COU RS ES – MEAT YMO U S S A K AMou-sa-ka: (Notice there is no 'r' in the correct pronunciation and the accent is on the last 'a'.) Layers of fried aubergine, potato and minced meat (usually beef) topped with a creamy béchamel sauce.ST I F A D OStif-ath-o: A rich stew made with beef, veal or rabbit with red wine, baby onions and tomato. The meaty chunks are soft and tender and the baby onions go soft and sweet - to be eaten with lots of bread.SO F R I T OSo-fri-to: Tender beef steak cooked in a garlic and wine sauce.

MAI N COU RS ES - VEGET ARI ANFor those preferring not to eat meat, then you will be pleased to know that you will not miss out. There is a wide range of tasty salads and vegetables available - although some will of course be seasonal. Look out for bean dishes such as fasolakia or gigantes. At Taverna Agni, we often suggest that vegetarians order a selection of starters as their whole meal. This way of eating is actually the 'Greek way'.

Generally in Greece, though mostly in the mountain villages, the idea of not eating meat is somewhat foreign and you may be encouraged to eat something that has 'just a little bit of meat' in it! Persevere and explain that eating meat is like going against your religion - it will work eventually.SA L A D SFirstly, take note of the following. When you see the word salad in a Greek menu - it does not always mean what it says. It is taken from the French word: salade. For example 'Aubergine salad' is a creamy dip! A 'Russian salad' is potato and mayonnaise.XH O R I A T I K IXho-ri-at-iki: A Greek salad. Literally translated means 'village salad' and includes tomatoes, cucumber, onion, lettuce or cabbage, topped with feta cheese, olives and sprinkled with dried herbs. There are many variations though - so expect anything!HO R T AHor-ta: Wild bitter greens. Locals go mad for these dandelion looking weeds that are carefully

collected, cleaned and then boiled. They look similar to spinach when cooked. Served with olive oil and lemon and sometimes new potatoes - well worth a try if you see it on a menu, but needs to be eaten with a meal.


DE S S E R T STavernas in Greece do not automatically serve desserts or coffee - you normally have to ask. The following is often available, but a small platter of fruit is more usual Greek choice and often more refreshing.BA C L A V ABac-la-va: (As with Mou-sa-ka, there is no 'r' in the correct pronunciation and the accent is on the last 'a'.) Filo pastry layers with chopped walnuts, cinnamon and steeped in honey. Homemade versions are not too sweet and excellent, but bought in versions are not! GA L A C T O B O U R E K OGa-lacto-bou-reko: Milk custard pie with filo pastry and a little honey.HA L V ACh-al-va: A very traditional sweet from the mainland, made with semolina, olive oil, almonds and a honey.GR E E K Y O G H U R TYoghurt: Greek yoghurt is thick and creamy and usually served with a little honey or fruit.


GREEK W I N EGR E E K W I N E CL A S S I F I C A T I O NVdT - Vin de TableVdP - Vin de PayesAO - Appellation of Origin GR E E K WH I T E W I N E SModern Greek whites are fresh, fruity and very new world in style. Try some of the new 'zingy', dry Sauvignons.GR E E K RE D W I N E SMany of the Greek reds are superb. Enjoy light Nemeas (even better chilled) or a bodied and chewy Merlots from Costas Lazarithis.

LOC AL DRI N KSRE T S I N ARetsina is 'normal' wine that is often undrinkable or poor. It is transferred to barrels made from Cyprus wood - and left to mature. The resin seeps into the wine giving it its particular flavour. Great at lunchtime, takes some getting used to, but it is drinkable! Some locals add Sprite to their retsina - but they would not normally admit to it.ME T A X A BR A N D YThe end to any meal in a Greek taverna is not complete without a Greek Brandy! Occasionally, it is disappointing to hear a request along the following lines: "It's time for an after dinner digestive. Do you have any proper brandies - not a Greek one?" Let us explain why Metaxa can be so highly rated.

Metaxa is distinguished as the most famous Greek spirit worldwide. It is misled as an actual brandy but in actual fact is something more. Thus, when we are talking about Metaxa we refer to this unique spirit and not to a brandy product. It was invented by a silk trader named Spiros Metaxas in 1888. He was from the Attica region - a province of Athens. The grapes Savatiano, Sultanina and Black Corinth are locally grown and form the basis of this spirit which is twice distilled and blended with aged Muscat wine from Samos, then blended with a secret botanical mix and aged in hand made oak

casks. When served in a large brandy glass and warmed by the palm of your hand, the perfumed aroma is a truly intoxicating experience.HO W MA N Y ST A R S?Metaxa is generally available in the following versions: Three Star, Five Star, Seven Star and Twelve Star. Each star represents a year that it has been aged in oak barrels for. Hence the Metaxa 5 star is at least 5 years old. Occasionally, you will find a Metaxa 'Private Reserve' which is at least 20 years old. There is no difference in terms of quality and production process between the different Metaxa stars, as in every family, age is the only uncommon characteristic. It is worth pointing out that other Metaxa


products considered as 'collector items' are occasionally available, such as the 'Metaxa Grand Olympian Reserve', and 'Metaxa Golden Age'.LO C A L W I N EEach Taverna usually has its own wine served by the kilo (equal to a litre). The taste and standard varies tremendously. Most often than not, it will be served in a metal carafe or jug - just enjoy!BE E RFor beer, think lager! Mythos, Amstel and Heineken are the locally made favourites.OU Z OOuzo is a social drink that should not be drunk on its own but with friends, and preferably with a Meze. An Ouzo Meze usually consists of a small plate with a few olives, feta cheese, and local sausage, and if you are lucky some grilled Octopus. Picking at these nibbles helps keep the effects of the alcohol from overwhelming you and enables you to sit, drink and talk for hours in a profoundly calm state of mind where all is beautiful and life is fine. This not just a drink, but a part of Greek life!

If you do not like the taste of liquorice, then ouzo is not for you. Fennel extract is the main added ingredient. Ouzo is drunk with ice and water. When you add water, the ouzo turns a milky white. How much to pour in is a matter of taste, so when Ouzo is served, the water is always served separately, leaving the drinker to mix the ratio to their taste.

Occasionally, you will meet a taverna or kafenion owner who makes their own ouzo. Watch out! Although they call it ouzo, it is really 'raki' or 'tsipuro' and does not have that liquorice flavour one associates with ouzo. It is made in homemade stills and goes down smoothly, but its effects are rapid and powerful. One glass won't hurt, but two might kill you! Strangely, it is a drink that does not seem to travel and your desire for ouzo may soon stop the moment you step on the plane home!GR E E K CO F F E E A N D FR A P P EIf you normally drink an espresso after a meal, then you must try Greek coffee. It is quite strong and served in a small cup. Remember, when you order it you need to indicate how much sugar should be used when making it: Sketo - none; Metrio - one sugar; Glyko - two sugars. Also, do not make the 'tourist' mistake of drinking the sludge at the bottom! Finally, ordering one Sketos, one Metrio and one Glyko at the same time for your table will really upset your waiter as each needs to be made separately!

Frappe Ice, cold frothy coffee - just try one on a warm summer morning. The best hangover cure yet!


OL IVES

Olive trees can hardly be missed on Crete as there are an estimated 3 million of them!

Olives flower during May and if this is the time when people who have hay-fever can suffer.

During the summer months the olives slowly fatten. They start to turn green and depending on the variety, there are more than 300 hundred types, they will turn purple, then black. (And you thought that green olives were just unripe black ones!) Crete mostly has the

small black variety.

During October and November the olive nets are prepared. Olive groves only give fruit every two years. Now this may come as a surprise to you and it is certainly a little problematic. Nets from groves not giving fruit need to be moved to those that are - not an easy task.

Before setting the nets under the trees, the ground needs to be cleared of undergrowth. With Crete's warm climate weeds and brambles thrive making the task of clearing difficult - often a petrol strimmer is employed rather than a traditional hand scythe.

The nets are laid under the trees. Each net is about 10m by 30m, making them awkward to position under the trees. They are sewn together using nails, twigs or large plastic pins. Usually the whole grove is covered with nets.

During December and until April, the olives slowly ripen and then drop. Every ten days or so during this period a visit to each grove is needed to collect the fallen olives. If they are left any longer, they start to shrivel and their oil becomes useless.

The olives are collected using a short stick with a nail or small hook in the end. Starting from the top of the grove, the stick is pressed into the net, turned 90 degrees and then lifted. This action of raising the net makes the olives run downwards. Once the olives start rolling, coupled with a swift wrist action, the olives can be gathered into small piles. The whole grove needs to be worked in this fashion.

Each pile of olives has to be sifted of leaves and twigs. Then using a traditional "couva" they are scooped up and put in to sacks, which then need to be carried back to the road. Often this is quite some distance. Even these days the steep slopes and remote locations mean that donkey power can be the ideal solution to moving these heavy sacks.

After being collected, most olives are pressed for their oil. The very best will be preserved in brine for eating whole. There is nothing finer than eating fresh bread and olive oil that you have just had pressed!


IT’S ALL GREEK TO ME!’Although English is widely spoken here in Crete, you may like to impress the locals by trying to speak their language. It’s fun and certainly appreciated. Here are a few words and phrases that you may find useful during your stay.THE ALPHABETGreek Letter Sounds like As in

Αα a Alpha art

Ββ b Vita vine

Γγ g Gamma game

Δδ th Delta this

Εε e Epsilon bet

Ζζ z Zita zoo

Ηη ee Eeta eat

Θθ th Theeta thick

Ιι i Iota fit

Κκ k Kappa key

Λλ l Lamda lot

Μμ m Mi me

Νν n Ni neat

Ξξ x Ksi taxi

Οο o Omikron olive

Ππ p Pi peat

Ρρ r Ro road

Σσ s Sigma signal

Ττ t Taf tea

Υυ ee Ipsilon eel

Φφ f Fi fairy

Χχ ch Chi loch (Scottish)

Ψψ ps Psi maps

Ωω aw Omega port


SOME US EFU L W ORD S AN D PHRAS ES:N U M B E R S

One, two, three …

Zero Midhen Μηδεν

1 Ena Ενα

2 Dhio Δυο

3 Tria Τρια

4 Tessera Τεσσερα

5 Pende Πεντε

6 Exi Εξι

7 Efta Εφτα

8 Ochto Οχτψ

9 Enya Εννια

10 Dheka Δεκα

11 Endheka Ενδεκα

12 Dhodheka Δωδεκα

13 Dhekatria Δεκατρια

14 Dhekatesera Δεκατεσσερα

15 Dhekapende Δεκαπεντε

16 Dhekaexi Δεκαεξι

17 Dhekaefta Δεκαεφτα

18 Dhekaochto Δεκαοχτο

19 Dhekaenya Δεκαεννια

20 Ikosi Εικοσι

21 Ikosi ena Εικοσι ενα

30 Trianda Τριαντα

31 Trianda ena Τριαντα ενα

40 Saranda Σαραντα

50 Peninda Πενηντα

60 Exinda Εξηντα

70 Evdhominda Εβδομηντα

80 Oghdhonda Ογδοντα

90 Eneninda Εννενηντα

100 Εkato Εκατο

200 Dhiakosia Διακοσια

300 Triakosia Τριακοσια

400 Tetrakosia Τετρακοσια

500 Pendakosia Πεντακοσια

1000 Hilya Χιλια


What time is it?

What time is it? Ti ora ine? Τι ωρα ειναι;

It’s nine o’clock Ine enya Εινα εννια

- five past ten Ine dheka ke pende Ειναι δεκα και μεντε

- a quarter past 11 Ine endeka ke tetarto Ειναι εντεκα και τεταρτο

- twenty past 12 Ine dhodheka ke ikosi Ειναι δωδεκα και εικοσι

- half past 1 Ine myamisi Ειναι μιαμιση

- a quarter to 4 Ine tris para ikosi pende Ειναι τριες και ικοσι πεντε

- midnight Ine mesanichta Ειναι μεσανυχτα

Half an hour Misi ora Μιση ωρα

What time? Ti ora? Τι ωρα;

In the morning To proi Το πρωι

In the afternoon To mesimeri Το μεσημερι

In the evening To vradhi Το βραδυ

At night Ti nichta Τη νυχτα

This morning Simera to proi Σημερα το πρωι

This afternoon Simera to mesimeria Σημερα το μεσημερι

This evening Simera to apoyevma Σημερα το απογευμα

Tonight Apopse Αποψε

Last night Timberasmeni nichta Τη περασμενη νυχτα

This week Avti tin evdhomadha Αυτη την εβδομαδα

Next month Ton epomeno mina Τον επομενο μηνα

Last year Perisi Περυσι

Next Ton epomeno Τον επομενο

Remember that in Greek you say what you see, there are no silent letters, and it’s just a question of getting the accent on the right part of the word…!


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