AgrAbility Webinar Series

Cultural Competency Overview

Maria G. (Lupita) Fabregas JaneiroLupita.Fabregas@okstate.eduThursday September 25, 2014

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BASIC WEBINAR INSTRUCTIONS

• 4 quick survey questions• Session recorded and archived with

PowerPoint files at www.agrability.org/Online-Training/archived along with resource materials

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Basic Webinar Instructions

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Known Webinar Issues

• AgrAbility: USDA-sponsored program that assists farmers, ranchers, and other agricultural workers with disabilities.– Partners land grant universities with disability

services – Organizations. Currently 20 projects covering 22

states– National AgrAbility Project: Led by Purdue’s Breaking

New – Ground Resource Center. Partners include:

• Goodwill of the Finger Lakes• The Arthritis Foundation, Heartland Region• University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign• Colorado State University

– More information available at www.agrability.org

Learning Outcome

Gain understanding of the importance of developing awareness of cultural differences and understanding how to best meet unique

needs will make us better providers and advocates for those we serve.

Realities….

• Monoculture environments do not exist in modern society.

• WE are expected to be an intercultural competent professional & serve the entire population in our state.

What is Culture?

Culture is what we are!!!!

Beliefs, customs, arts, language, ways of life and thinking, behaving, geographic

location, etc.

Cultural Differences….Anything that you easily perceive by interacting

with people.

Values and Beliefs…Things that we can not easily

perceive

The Iceberg

Peterson, 2004

What is a Multicultural Environment (ME)?

Multicultural Environment. Includes people from different genders, ages, races, ethnicities, economic status, sexual orientations, countries of origin, languages, nationalities, abilities.

But also includes….

People from different generations, levels of education, and people who were born and raised in rural and/or urban environments. People who have had different opportunities.

IMPORTANT!!!

Being in a Multicultural Environment is not the same as knowing how to work in

a Diverse Society

Diversity

“Knowing how to relate to those qualities and conditions that are different from our own and outside the groups to which we

belong”

Iowa State University. College of Liberal Artshttp://www.las.iastate.edu/about-the-college/diversity/

Intercultural Competence

Ability to effectively interact with people from other cultures

(More definitions in http://www.nccccurricula.info/culturalcompetence.html; & Moran, R. T., Abramson, N. R. & Moran, S. V. 2014. Managing cultural differences. 9 th Ed. Routledge: New York)

What should be our goal becoming Intercultural Competent?

Feel good interacting with people from other cultures.

Make people from other cultures feel good when you are working with them, so they can receive your message.

Copyright 2007, 2009 . Mitchell R. Hammer, PhD

How can we develop our intercultural competence?

Orientations• Denial

• I only recognize what I can see! • They look different!• I love to see different people walking around!

• Polarization• I am not like them…I am not part of that group.• They are who they are and I am who I am. We are not the

same. • I find myself judging and criticizing people from different

cultures.• I believe that things are going to change (and be better)

when “they” learn the RIGHT way to get things done here.• I know how to deal with this issue. I will get over this

situation.

Adapted from Bennett, M. J. (1986). A developmental approach to training for intercultural sensitivity. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 10, 179-195.Bennett, M. J. (1993). Towards ethnorelativism: A developmental model of intercultural sensitivity. In R. M. Paige (Ed.), Education for the intercultural experience (pp. 21-71). Yarmouth, ME: Intercultural Press.Hammer \, M. (2012). The Intercultural Development Inventory: A new frontier in assessment and development of intercultural competence. In M. Vande Berg, R. M.,Paige, & K. H. Lou (Eds.), Student Learning abroad (Cha. 5, pp. 115-136). Sterling, VA: Stylus Publishing.

Orientation• Minimization

– When I have the opportunity to interact with people from other cultures and I always find that we have a lot of things in common.

– I am glad I do not have to make any effort to fit in! We are the same!!!!!

• Acceptance – I know that we share a lot of things but also I find differences.– I understand that there is no right or wrong, we are just

different.– I admire a lot of things people from other cultures do.– I am learning to accept our cultural differences.

Adapted from Bennett, M. J. (1986). A developmental approach to training for intercultural sensitivity. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 10, 179-195.Bennett, M. J. (1993). Towards ethnorelativism: A developmental model of intercultural sensitivity. In R. M. Paige (Ed.), Education for the intercultural experience (pp. 21-71). Yarmouth, ME: Intercultural Press.Hammer \, M. (2012). The Intercultural Development Inventory: A new frontier in assessment and development of intercultural competence. In M. Vande Berg, R. M.,Paige, & K. H. Lou (Eds.), Student Learning abroad (Cha. 5, pp. 115-136). Sterling, VA: Stylus Publishing.

Copyright 2007, 2009 . Mitchell R. Hammer, PhD

Move to the acceptance Level of the continuum

Our Goal should be….

Why…

Because we need to serve the entire population in our State

So….What can we do?Where should we start?

1. Understanding OUR Culture

Work in your Culture Profile

Johns Hopkins. University of Medicine. Diversity Leadership Council. Retrieved from http://web.jhu.edu/dlc/resources/diversity_wheel/

American Culture

2. Learning about other Cultures

World Cultural Profiles

Lewis Model

http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=Of+Cultural+Types+Lewis+Model&Form=IQFRDR#view=detail&id=BE559D14FF486F12EE3885D5FC90A75FCE2D6252&selectedIndex=12

Cultures’ CharacteristicsGenders

Females Males

Intuitive Global ThinkersCollective approach (all the elements)

Focus one problem at a timeSeparate themselves from the problemsLineal or sequential perspective.

Recall memories that have strong emotional components

Recall memories associated with competition of physical activities

Women validate relationship through communication, dialogue and intimate sharing, emotional content and personal perspective.

Men validate relationships through shared activities, as sports, competition, outdoor activities or sexual activities

copyright 1999-2000 Michael G. ConnerConner, M. G. Undersetting the difference between men and women. Retrieved from http://oregoncounseling.org/ArticlesPapers/Documents/DifferencesMenWomen.htm

Age and GenerationsGeneration Birth Year % of the Workforce

Traditionalist(Matures, Silents,

Schwarzkopfs)

1922-1945 5%

Baby Boomers(Boomers)

1946-1964 38%

Generation Xers(Xers, Post Boomers)

1965-1980 32%

Millennials(Generation Y, Nexters,

Echos)

1981-1999 25%

U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2012 & Traditionals to Millennials: Learning and Working Together. Ken Eastman, Dean Spears School of Business. Oklahoma State University. Conference Presentation.

Culture and Social ClassAccording to Gabrenya:

“We are all of and in social Class”

Research Skills for Psychology Majors: Everything you need to know to get started. Culture and social class. Retrieved from http://my.fit.edu/~gabrenya/social/readings/ses.pdf

Rural vs. Urban LifeRural Urban

Close and direct contact with the nature (rain, heat, drought, frost, etc.)

Greater isolation from nature (artificial environment)

Not a great variety of occupations Great variety of occupations

Size of the communities is very small Size of the communities is large

More homogeneous in social, racial and psychological traits

More heterogeneous than rural.

Slow social mobility Intensive social mobility

Social solidarity or cohesiveness and unity are stronger/greater than urban. Strong sense of belonging and unity.

Social solidarity is less stronger than rural, dissimilarities, division of labor, interdependence, specialization, impersonal, less sense of belonging.

Standard of living is low Standard of living is high

My agriculture information bank. Retrieved from http://agriinfo.in/?page=topic&superid=7&topicid=568

3. Creating your Personal Cultural Developmental Plan

(Who is your cultural targeting group? What are your cultural stress points?)

U.S. Population 2012

Population Distribution by Race/Ethnicity. Retrieved fromhttp://kff.org/other/state-indicator/distribution-by-raceethnicity/

Other Groups

• Migrant Workforce & Minority Farmers

• Amish & Mennonites

• Veterans

My Advice

1.Learn about their Culture.2.Approach them (show them that you care!).

3.Build a relationship (Relationship over Task!).4.Identify aspects that you “admire” from that

specific culture.5.Identify commonalities and cultural difference.

Farm Workers• Migrant Farm Workers: Our Nation’s Invisible

Population:- Between 1-3 million migrants- Average age 31 years- Single men or left their families

behind- 52 out of every 100 are unauthorized

workers with no legal status in the United States

http://www.extension.org/pages/9960/migrant-farm-workers:-our-nations-invisible-population#.VCGeHdEtC70

Amish• Adult or “believers”, baptism• The church as a covenant community• Exclusion of errant members from

communion• Literal obedience to the teachings of Christ• Refusal to swear oaths• Rejection to violence• Social separation from the evil world.

Kraybil. D. B. 2001. The riddle of Amish culture. The Johns Hopkins University Press. Baltimore.

Mennonites• Mennonites religious culture requires isolation

and autonomy from the government.• Mennonites survive due to their economic

power.• Mennonites are the most significant group of non

- resistant.• Mennonites abstaining from voting, repudiation

of infant baptism, oaths, law-suits, civil office-holding and the bearing of arms.https://www.wordnik.com/words/Mennonites

Airhart, P. D. & Bendroth, M. A. Faith traditions and the family. Westminster John Knox Press: Kentucky

Veterans Challenges

• Health inequalities and disparities.• Posttraumatic Stress Disorder.• Depression.• Transition to civilian life.• Physical and mental injuries from war.

Brown, N. D. 2008. Transition from the Afghanistan and Iraqi battlefields to home: an overview of selected war wounds and the federal agencies assisting soldiers regain their health. PubMed.gov. Retrieved from

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18717300 Hobbs, K. 2008. Reflections on the culture of veterans. PubMed.gov. Retrieved from

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18717299

AlwaysRemember…

Each one of

us...sees the

world with

different eyes

That is why…We need to respect the Differences!

Summarizing

1. Understand your Culture 2. Learn about other Cultures

3. Create your Personal Cultural Developmental Plan

GraciasThank YouMerciDankeधन्यवा�दGraciesObrigadoขอบคุ�ณEkushehSalamat