agricultural contaminants: farm practices in pesticidefarm
TRANSCRIPT
Agricultural contaminants: Farm Practices in PesticideFarm Practices in Pesticide
use
Dr. P. Indira Devi ,Professor Division of Agricultural Economics,
College of Horticulture,Kerala Agricultural University Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur-680656, Kerala.
Pesticide Use in Rice bowl of Kerala and human health–South Asian Network for Development andEnvironmental Economics
Pesticide use and crop productivity in food crops ofKerala-Kerala State Council for Science ,technology and, gyEnvironment
Supply Side Analysis of Pesticide Markets in Kerala-Evidences from Retail Traders
Kerala State Council for Science ,technology and Environment
Pesticide Scene in IndiaPesticide Scene in India
Largest manufacturer of basic pesticides in AsiaLargest manufacturer of basic pesticides in Asia
12 th globally
226 products
Insecticides 75%,Fungicides 12%,Hebicides 10%
Export orientedExport oriented
Production – 80-85 MTProduction 80 85 MT
Imports 19 29 MTImports - 19-29 MT
C ti 42 45 MTConsumption – 42-45 MT
EXPORTS – three times cons.
2.38% CAGR(US,EU,AFRICAN)
80Consumption India
60
70
50
60
30
40
Consumption India
20
30
0
10
0
1991
-92
1992
-93
1993
-94
1994
-95
1995
-96
1996
-97
1997
-98
1998
-99
1999
-00
2000
-01
2001
-02
2002
-03
2003
-04
2004
-05
2005
-06
2006
-07
2007
-08
2008
-09
2009
-10
2010
-11
Can we relax?Can we relax?
Is it due to decline in consumption in realIs it due to decline in consumption ,in real sense?
Less quantity..more toxic,persistant?
Kerala Scene-Kerala Scene
Trend of Pesticide consumption in KeralaTrend of Pesticide consumption in Kerala
1400
1600
1000
1200
800
1000
Rodenticide
weedicide
Insecticide
400
600 Fungicide
0
200
Pesticide consumption in Kerala during 2010-11
Fungi 73%Insect 15%Weed- 11%Weed 11%
Growth ratesGrowth rates
Fungi- -3.12%Insect-- -16.46%Insect 16.46%Weedi -7.12%
Total 7 55%Total- -7.55%
Concerns
Increasing share of weedicides
While toxic and more persistentWhile toxic and more persistentchemicals show a very high growth ratei tiin consumption ,the chemicals that exhibit a decline inconsumption are safer and more innumber but less in the extent ofnumber, but less in the extent ofdecline.
Sale Policy………..
Retailing -IndiaRetailing India
1 78 979 t il tl t1,78,979 retail outlets
90% i t90% private7% Cooperative
Only in 11 states public sector presence
HP, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Punjab, Sikkim, TN, Tripura, UP, Uttaranchal and UT of Delhi
In NE states (Mizoram Meghalaya andIn NE states (Mizoram, Meghalaya and Nagaland) public sector has a major share in pesticide retailingshare in pesticide retailing.
In HP 42%public and cooperatives58% private).
Private Sector ruling the retail market 60%market-60%…
6000
4000
5000Private
3000
4000Cooperatives
1000
2000 Department ofAgr.
0
/99
/00
/01
/02
/03
/04
/05
1/2/
9
1/1/
0
1/8/
0
1/8/
0
1/8/
0
1/8/
0
1/8/
0
Poor Quality control arrangements……………
Date Sample analysed
Samplefound poor
Action taken
1997-98 1784 6 Nil1998-99 1505 23 NilNil1999-2000* 1281 2 Nil2000-01 1698 - Nil2001-2002 1591 3 NilNilApril 2002-July 02
554 - Nil
Micro level Behaviour-Farm practicesFarm practices
Risk managementRisk management…
Risk assessment Chances of pest attack?Chances of pest attack?......
yield risk perceptions very highyield risk perceptions…very high
why take risk?why take risk?
Preventive than Curative..
Most toxic pesticides are preferedMost toxic pesticides are prefered
C l C t F (%)Colour Category Frequency (%)
Green Slightly toxicity 5Green Slightly toxicity 5
Blue Moderately toxic 25
Yellow Highly toxic 48
Red Extremely toxic 22
Banned chemicals are used-Calcium Carbide for uniformCalcium Carbide for uniform ripeningp gEndosulphan….
Use of pesticides banned for use in Fruits and Vegetables (monocrotophos)-(monocrotophos)
Methoxy Ethyl Mercury Chloride-Methoxy Ethyl Mercury Chlorideprescribed for restricted use (!!...)
lonly
Metoxy Ethyl Mercury chloride
waitingwaiting PeriodPeriod….Why should we wait??
Not for banana??? Why?Not for banana??? Why?
No mechanism to ensure crop specific useNo mechanism to ensure crop specific use
Restricted use ??? What`s it?No arrangements to ensure restricted useNo arrangements to ensure restricted use..
No problem there…why here?No checks for cross boarder transfersNo checks for cross boarder transfers…..
Application PracticesApplication Practices
More than recommended dose
1400
1600
average
83% 156% 53%
1000
1200
1400 g
R d55%
800
1000
usage
Recommended Dosage /per ha
55%
400
600
0
200
Metacid Acataf Monocrotophos MalathionMetacid Acataf Monocrotophos Malathiontrade name
pesticide Use
43%
1000
120043%
40%
800
600usage Average
200
400 Recommended Dose
0
200
Ek l H hiEkalux Hostathion
trade name
Water-oh it is much less than recommendation
600-66%
400Litre Average
%
200 Recommended Level
0AverageAverage
Indiscriminate /unscientific use
Chemical / Dosage / Time
Method / Spurious ………./Mixtures of chemicals.
No suggested gadgets/precautions
Careless disposal
Punishment for noncompliance-against whom?
Farm owners?
Farm workers?
Agri. Officers?
Traders?
Agent of consultation on the use chemical pesticideschemical pesticides
AgentPaddy Banana
No of respondents No of respondentsNo of respondents No of respondents
Own decision 5(12.5) 6(15)
Friends 7(17 5) 4(10)Friends 7(17.5) 4(10)
Dealer 19(47.5) 18(45)Agricultural Officials 9(22.5) 12(30)
Total 40 (100) 40(100)
Wrongly Targeted Trainings…to be focused on farm workers/sales person
*12 Are you aware of pesticide toxicity 49 51*12 Are you aware of pesticide toxicity 49 51
13 Are you able to understand the level of toxicity, reading the sign on the label
0.6 99.4y, g g
14 Have you attended any trainings / workshops / discussions on pesticide use and care
1.41 98.59
From beginning to endFrom beginning to endDecision making on pesticide use…
Choice of the chemical
Agent of consultation
Concentration of the chemical
Mi i tiMixing practices
Spurious chemicals/mixturesSpurious chemicals/mixtures
Spray practices…..
Some correctionsSome corrections…
Technological Efforts-research focus
Realistic estimates of risk/chances of pest attack
Alternate methods
Bioagents (weed control)
traditional wisdom
InfrastructureInfrastructure
Monitoring Mechanism in pesticide retailing
public sector presenceLicensing system to be changed
Demand pull-Testing facility(cheap,quick,easy) for pesticide residue in agri. products
Education programmeEducation programme
• farmer education through targeted trainingsfarmer education through targeted trainings • to dealers and farm workers • Consumer awarenessConsumer awareness
Awareness regarding the legal status of the chemicals- Information to be displayed onchemicals Information to be displayed on board in front of the sale points, farmer’s clubs and Agricultural Offices. The punishment for violation may also be publicized
# Training support to Farm Workers and Sales persons.
Welfare ProgrammeWelfare Programme
registry of trained applicators at Panchayatregistry of trained applicators at Panchayat level.
They may be provided with protectiveThey may be provided with protective gadgets at subsidized rates-
WORKER WELFARE PROGRAMMES
Regular pest monitoringRegular pest monitoring
Waste ManagementWaste Management
The disposal pattern of used containers may be scientifically managed Themay be scientifically managed. The producers may be directed to collect the empty containers backempty containers back
Better ManagementBetter Management
At panchayat Level.-i t tenvironment management
.