2011-2012 UNIVERSITA’ DEGLI STUDI DI TRIESTE

AGRICULTUREL ECONOMICS FINAL PRESENTATION

OZGE TUKENMEZ & ASLI BOZKURT

AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS IN TURKEY

Agriculture has been always the occupation of majority of Turkish people, despite the sharing of industry and rising of services constantly.

Turkey is one of the few self-sufficent countries in the world in terms of food.

Turkey’s fertile soil, adequate climate and abundant rainfall permit growing almost any kind of crops.

AGRICULTURE IN TURKEY

In terms of agricultural lands, Turkey is also one of the largest countries in the world. About 35.5% of the country are arable lands and 15% consists of forests.

Vegetable products account for 76% of total agricultural production, then animal husbandry, meanwhile; forestry and fishing contribute a minimal amount. Fruits and field crops make up the most of vegetable products, wheat being the leading crop.

As per the figures of 2003, Turkey is the world’s biggest producer of hazelnuts, figs, apricots and raisins, the 4th biggest producer of fresh vegetables and grapes, the 6th biggest producer of tobacco, the 8th biggest producer of wheat, and the 10th biggest producer of cotton. Tea is also large produced and exported. These numbers are more or less the same for 2007.

The rapid industrialization of Turkey after 1930's and government policies caused agriculture's share to decline in overall income. The share of the agricultural sector in the GNP was almost 50% in 1950, 25% in 1980, 15.3% in 1990, and 11% in 2005. This caused the fall of economic standards of the farmers and contributed to emigration from rural to urban areas.

But in 1990's, the State encouraged the farmers to adopt modern techniques with the mechanization and has provided infrastructural conveniences for irrigation and cultivation contributing to the development of the agricultural sector. The most important of these projects is the Southeast Anatolia Project (GAP).

The majority of Turkish population lives off agriculture.

This sector provides ¼ of national income .

ıt plays an important role on Turkish export.

It provides approximately 27% of national income.

The Position of Agriculture in Turkish Economics

Fallow (dry) agriculture

Extensive agriculture

Intensive agriculture

METHODS OF AGRICULTURE

WHEAT: The first growing season (spring) wants rainfall. Maturation and harvest period wants drought. Wheat production increased in some years due to indecision climate falls in some years. Production is up to Central Anatolia Region.

BARLEY: Resistant to cold and heat. Therefore, in general, be grown in every place. The most commonly grows in the Central Anatolia.

CORN: Likes to growth in plenty of water. Therefore, the possibility of irrigation farming can be done anywhere. Most are produced in the Mediterranean.

AGRICULTUREL PRODUCTS

RICE: The first germination period, like plenty of water. Requires the harvest period of drought. For this reason agriculture of rice developed in the edges of streams. Suitable for paddy cultivation temperature conditions of our country. However, there is a problem of irrigation in some places. Marmara Region, which has a share in production is the most.

LEGUMES :

CHICKPEAS: Wants rainfall in the first growing season. Harvesting be drought period. The climate is generally adequate for our country chickpeas. Most farming is done more in Central Anatolia.

LENTIL: Drought resistant. For this reason, agriculture of lentil is the most approprite area South-eastern Anatolia.

BEANS: Our country can be cultivated wherever irrigation facilities. Central Anatolia is the region with the largest share of production.

INDUSTRIAL CROPS

TOBACCO: Be grown in arid land. During the first growing, likes water. Then there must be definitely drought. It can be grown in all regions. However, in terms of quality is limited by the state. Aegean Region is the first for production.

SUGAR BEET: There is no specific request of the climate and soil. It can be grow everywhere which is able to catch up irrigation. Production is the most in Central Anatolia Region.

COTTON: Likes alluvial soils. Also requires high temperature. Production has ranked first in South Eastern Anatolia Region.

TEA: Tropical climate plants which wants abundant and regular rainfall. Eastern Black Sea is the best growing conditions in our country.

POPPY: All regions except the Eastern Black Sea can be cultivated. However, it is obtained by the production of drugs in state controlled

OIL PLANTS

SUNFLOWER: Likes water in the first growing period. In the period of drought should be harvest. Marmara Region is the first Region that has more products.

OLIVE: Mediterranean climate plants. However, in the Mediterranean Region farming of olive does not developed enough. Agean Region ranks first in production of olive. In the world-wide; Italy, Spain, Greece and then Turkey comes.

FRUIT GROWING

GRAPE: It is very resistant to cold. For this reason, it can be grow all the region.Aegean Region has the most production.

APPLE: After the grapes, it has the largest growing area. It can be cultivated in all regions.

HAZELNUT: It is the main homeland of Turkey. The best growing conditions fort he Black Sea Region climate. Turkey ranks first in production and exports of hazelnut.

CITRUS: Tropical climate plants. Agriculture of citrus in our country the most developed in the Mediterranean Region.

BANANA: Tropical climate plants. Most are grown in the Mediterranean Region.

APRICOT: It can be cultivated in all regions. Agriculture of apricot is the most developed in the Eastern Anatolia Region.

CARE AND BREEDING GROUNDIRRIGATIONFERTILIZATIONSEED BREEDINGMECHANIZATIONUSING MACHINESOIL MAINTENANCE

FACTORS AFFECTING AGRICULTURE IN TURKEY

Cultivated land is planted area : 174.480.000 acres

Fallow land : 36.551.000 acresForestry: 192.376.000 acresBearing : 123.776.000 acresGrassland : 123.776.000 acresUnused land : 662.195.000 acres

USE OF SOILS IN TURKEY