agricultural prices 05/31/2016 - usda prices issn: 1937-4216 released may 31, 2016, by the national...
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Agricultural Prices
ISSN: 1937-4216
Released May 31, 2016, by the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, United States Department of
Agriculture (USDA).
April Farm Prices Received Index Increased 0.2 Percent
The April Prices Received Index (Agricultural Production), at 93.0, increased 0.2 percent from March 2016. At 86.5, the
Crop Production Index increased 4.2 percent. At 97.8, the Livestock Production Index decreased 2.4 percent. Producers
received higher prices for broilers, soybeans, lettuce, and hogs but lower prices for cattle, eggs, calves, and milk.
Compared with a year earlier, the Prices Received Index is down 10 percent, the Crop Production Index decreased
2.4 percent and the Livestock Production Index declined 16 percent. In addition to prices, the indexes are influenced by
the monthly mix of commodities producers market. Increased monthly movement of strawberries, milk, oranges, and
broilers offset the decreased marketing of corn, dry beans, cattle, and soybeans. The Food Commodities Index, at 96.8,
decreased 0.5 percent from the previous month and is down 13 percent from April 2015.
April Prices Paid Index Down 0.5 Percent
The April Index of Prices Paid for Commodities and Services, Interest, Taxes, and Farm Wage Rates (PPITW), at 106.6,
is down 0.5 percent from March 2016 and down 4.2 percent from April 2015. Lower prices in April for feeder cattle,
concentrates, wage rates, and feeder pigs more than offset higher prices for hay & forages, diesel, gasoline, and nitrogen.
Prices Received, Prices Paid, and Ratio of Prices Received to Prices Paid Indexes 2011 Base – United States: April 2016 with Comparisons
Index Group April 2015
March 2016
April 2016
(percent) (percent) (percent)
Prices received by farmers ......................................................................... Prices paid by farmers ................................................................................ Ratio of prices received to prices paid ........................................................
103.4
111.3
93
92.8
107.1
87
93.0
106.6
87
2 Agricultural Prices (May 2016) USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Contents
Prices Received by Farmers .................................................................................................................................................... 4
Prices Received Indexes, 2011 Base – United States: April 2016 with Comparisons ............................................................ 5
Prices Received Indexes, 1910-1914 Base – United States: April 2016 with Comparisons ................................................... 5
Prices Received Indexes, 2011 Base by Month for Selected Groups – United States: 2015 and 2016 .................................. 5
Prices Paid Indexes, 2011 Base by Month for Selected Groups – United States: 2015 and 2016 .......................................... 6
Received and Paid Indexes, Annual Average – United States: 2011=100 Chart .................................................................... 6
Crop Farm Received and Paid Indexes, All Items by Quarter – United States: 2011=100 Chart ........................................... 7
Livestock Farm Received and Paid Indexes All Items by Quarter – United States: 2011=100 Chart .................................... 7
Received Indexes by Month, Agricultural, Crop, and Livestock Production – United States: 2011=100 Chart .................... 8
Received Indexes by Month, Feed Grain, Food Grain, and Oilseed – United States: 2011=100 Chart ................................. 8
Received Indexes by Month, Fruit & Tree Nut and Vegetable & Melon – United States: 2011=100 Chart .......................... 9
Received Indexes by Month, Dairy, Meat Animal, and Poultry & Egg – United States: 2011=100 Chart ............................ 9
Prices Received for Field Crops and Fruits – United States: April 2016 with Comparisons ................................................ 10
Prices Received for Vegetables and Livestock – United States: April 2016 with Comparisons .......................................... 11
Prices Received for Corn by Month – United States Chart ................................................................................................... 12
Prices Received for Wheat by Month – United States Chart ................................................................................................ 12
Prices Received for Upland Cotton by Month – United States Chart ................................................................................... 13
Prices Received for Soybeans by Month – United States Chart ........................................................................................... 13
Prices Received for Cattle by Month – United States Chart ................................................................................................. 14
Prices Received for Milk by Month – United States Chart ................................................................................................... 14
Prices Received for Hogs by Month – United States Chart .................................................................................................. 15
Prices Received for Poultry by Month – United States Chart ............................................................................................... 15
Prices Received for All Wheat, Corn, and Soybeans by Month – United States: 2016 with Comparisons .......................... 16
Prices Received for Beef Cattle and All Hogs by Month – United States: 2016 with Comparisons .................................... 16
Prices Received for All Wheat – States and United States: April 2016 with Comparisons .................................................. 17
Prices Received for Winter Wheat – States and United States: April 2016 with Comparisons ............................................ 17
Prices Received for Oats – States and United States: April 2016 with Comparisons ........................................................... 18
Prices Received for All Barley – States and United States: April 2016 with Comparisons .................................................. 19
Prices Received for Malting Barley – States and United States: April 2016 with Comparisons .......................................... 19
Prices Received for Feed Barley – States and United States: April 2016 with Comparisons ............................................... 19
Prices Received for Sorghum Grain – States and United States: April 2016 with Comparisons .......................................... 19
Prices Received for Corn – States and United States: April 2016 with Comparisons .......................................................... 20
Prices Received for Soybeans – States and United States: April 2016 with Comparisons ................................................... 20
Prices Received for Dry Beans – States and United States: April 2016 with Comparisons ................................................. 21
Prices Received for Peanuts (in shell) – States and United States: April 2016 with Comparisons ....................................... 21
Prices Received for Sunflower – States and United States: April 2016 with Comparisons .................................................. 21
Prices Received for Canola – States and United States: April 2016 with Comparisons ....................................................... 21
Prices Received for Flaxseed – States and United States: April 2016 with Comparisons .................................................... 22
Prices Received for Upland Cotton and Cottonseed – States and United States: April 2016 with Comparisons ................. 22
Prices Received and Farm Marketings for Upland Cotton and Rice – United States: April 2016
with Comparisons .............................................................................................................................................................. 22
Prices Received for Hay by Type – States and United States: April 2016 with Comparisons ............................................. 23
Prices Received for Apples – States and United States: April 2016 with Comparisons ....................................................... 23
Prices Received for Citrus Fruits by Utilization – States and United States: April 2015 ..................................................... 24
Prices Received for Citrus Fruits by Utilization – States and United States: March 2016 ................................................... 25
Prices Received for Citrus Fruits by Utilization – States and United States: April 2016 ..................................................... 26
Prices Received for Potatoes – States and United States: April 2016 with Comparisons ..................................................... 27
Prices Received for All Milk – States and United States: April 2016 with Comparisons..................................................... 28
Prices Received for Milk Cows – States and United States: April 2016 with Comparisons ................................................ 28
Commodity Parity Prices and Price as Percent of Parity Price – United States: April 2016 with Comparisons .................. 29
Commodity Parity Prices – United States: April 2016 with Comparisons ........................................................................... 30
Reliability of Prices Received Estimates............................................................................................................................... 32
Agricultural Prices (May 2016) 3 USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Prices Paid by Farmers .......................................................................................................................................................... 33
Prices Paid Indexes and Related Parity Ratios – United States: April 2016 with Comparisons ........................................... 34
Prices Paid Indexes and Annual Weights for Input Components and Sub-components – United States:
April 2016 with Comparisons ............................................................................................................................................ 35
Paid Indexes by Month, All Items and Production Items – United States: 2011=100 Chart ................................................ 36
Paid Indexes, Annual Averages, Production Items, Interest, Taxes, and Wages – United States: 2011=100 Chart ............ 36
Paid Indexes by Farm Type and Month, All Items – United States: 2011=100 Chart .......................................................... 37
Paid Indexes by Origin and Month, All Production Items – United States: 2011=100 Chart .............................................. 37
Paid Indexes by Non-Farm Origin and Month, Chemicals, Fertilizer, and Fuels – United States: 2011=100 Chart ........... 38
Paid Indexes by Non-Farm Origin and Month, Machinery and Supplies & Repairs – United States: 2011=100 Chart ...... 38
Paid Indexes by Farm Origin and Month, Feed and Livestock & Poultry – United States: 2011=100 Chart ...................... 39
Feed Price Ratios – United States: April 2016 with Comparisons ....................................................................................... 40
Prices Received Used to Calculate Feed Price Ratios – United States: April 2016 with Comparisons................................ 40
Prices Paid for Feeder Livestock – United States: April 2016 with Comparisons................................................................ 40
Feed Ratios Monthly and Annual Average – United States: 2011 - 2015 ............................................................................ 41
Reliability of Prices Paid Estimates ...................................................................................................................................... 42
Information Contacts ............................................................................................................................................................ 43
4 Agricultural Prices (May 2016) USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
April Prices Received by Farmers
The April Prices Received Index for agricultural production is 93.0 percent of its 2011 base, up 0.2 percent from the
March 2016 index but 10 percent below the April 2015 index.
Crop production: The April index, at 86.5, increased 4.2 percent from March but is 2.4 percent below April 2015. Index
increases for grain & oilseed, vegetable & melon, and other crop more than offset the index decrease for fruit & tree nut.
Grain and oilseed: The April index, at 67.1, is up 1.5 percent from March but is 5.5 percent lower than April 2015.
The higher Oilseed Index more than offset the lower Feed Grain and Food Grain Indexes.
Feed grain: The April index, at 60.0, is down 0.5 percent from the previous month and 4.9 percent from a year
earlier. The corn price, at $3.58 per bushel, is up 1 cent from last month but is down 17 cents from April 2015.
At $5.36 per cwt, sorghum grain is 31 cents less than March and $2.54 lower than April a year earlier.
Food grain: At 72.6, the index for April is 0.3 percent lower than the previous month and 10 percent below a
year earlier. The April price for all wheat, at $4.50 per bushel, is up 10 cents from March but is $1.06 less than
April 2015.
Oilseed: At 72.5, the index for April is up 5.4 percent from March but is down 6.7 percent from April 2015. The
soybean price, at $9.04 per bushel, increased 48 cents from March but is 65 cents lower than April a year earlier.
Fruit and tree nut: The April index, at 122.0, is down 2.8 percent from March and 3.6 percent lower than a year
earlier. The price decrease during April for apples more than offset price increases for grapefruit and strawberries.
Vegetable and melon: At 102.2, the index for April is up 2.9 percent from the previous month but declined
2.2 percent from April 2015. Price increases during April for lettuce and onions more than offset price declines for
tomatoes and sweet corn.
Other crop: The April index, at 76.2, is up 2.3 percent from the previous month but is 9.9 percent below April 2015.
The all hay price, at $146 per ton, is up $8.00 from March but $22.00 lower than April 2015. At 55.8 cents per pound,
the price for upland cotton is up 0.6 cents from March but is 6.8 cents below April 2015.
Livestock production: The index for April, at 97.8, is down 2.4 percent from the previous month and 16 percent from
April a year earlier. Compared with a year ago, prices are lower for cattle, broilers, calves, market eggs, and milk. Prices
are higher for turkeys and hogs.
Meat animal: At 105.9, the April index is down 2.6 percent from the previous month and 17 percent from a year
earlier. At $51.00 per cwt, the April hog price is up $1.00 from March and $2.00 higher than a year earlier. The April
beef cattle price of $131 per cwt is down $4.00 from the previous month and $31.00 lower than April 2015.
Dairy: The index for April, at 74.6, is down 2.0 percent from the previous month and 9.1 percent lower than April a
year earlier. The April all milk price of $15.00 per cwt is down 30 cents from March and is $1.50 less than
April 2015.
Poultry and egg: At 105.5, the April index is down 0.9 percent from March and 19 percent below April 2015. The
April market egg price, at 39.0 cents per dozen, decreased 33.9 cents from March and 48.0 cents lower than
April 2015. The April broiler price, at 52.0 cents per pound, is up 3.0 cents from March but is 12.0 cents below a year
earlier. At 83.2 cents per pound, the April turkey price is up 4.3 cents from the previous month and up 13.0 cents from
April 2015.
Agricultural Prices (May 2016) 5 USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Prices Received Indexes, 2011 Base – United States: April 2016 with Comparisons [Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov]
Index Group
2011 Base
April 2015
March 2016
April 2016
(percent) (percent) (percent)
Agricultural production ......................................................................... Crop production ............................................................................... Grain and oilseed ......................................................................... Feed grain ............................................................................... Food grain ............................................................................... Oilseed .................................................................................... Fruit and tree nut ......................................................................... Vegetable and melon ................................................................... Other crop .................................................................................... Livestock production ........................................................................ Meat animal ................................................................................. Cattle ....................................................................................... Hog .......................................................................................... Dairy ............................................................................................ Poultry and egg ............................................................................ Food commodity ..................................................................................
103.4 88.6 71.0 63.1 80.8 77.7
126.5 104.5 84.6
116.4 127.5 146.0 73.7 82.1
129.4
110.6
92.8 83.0 66.1 60.3 72.8 68.8
125.5 99.3 74.5
100.2 108.7 119.5 75.2 76.1
106.5
97.3
93.0 86.5 67.1 60.0 72.6 72.5
122.0 102.2 76.2
97.8
105.9 115.3 76.7 74.6
105.5
96.8
Prices Received Indexes, 1910-1914 Base – United States: April 2016 with Comparisons [Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov]
Index Group
1910 - 1914 Base
April 2015
March 2016
April 2016
(percent) (percent) (percent)
Agricultural production ......................................................................... Crop production ............................................................................... Livestock production ........................................................................
1067 773
1352
957 724
1164
960 754
1135
Prices Received Indexes, 2011 Base by Month for Selected Groups – United States: 2015 and 2016 [Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun]
Month
2011 Base
Agricultural production
Crop production
Livestock production
Food commodities
2015 2016 2015 2016 2015 2016 2015 2016
(percent) (percent) (percent) (percent) (percent) (percent) (percent) (percent)
January ............................. February ............................ March ................................ April ................................... May ................................... June .................................. July .................................... August ............................... September ......................... October ............................. November .......................... December ..........................
97.1 99.0
102.1 103.4 107.2 104.7 99.2
102.1 97.5 88.9 91.9 89.9
89.2 92.5 92.8 93.0
82.3 84.0 85.5 88.6 90.3 88.2 85.9 87.8 87.1 79.7 82.1 84.0
80.7 84.2 83.0 86.5
120.4 113.9 117.3 116.4 122.0 121.1 115.3 117.1 109.3 104.2 105.3 97.2
99.9 99.2
100.2 97.8
108.5 106.8 110.2 110.6 115.7 112.9 105.6 109.6 103.5 94.5
101.3 96.7
95.8 97.3 97.3 96.8
6 Agricultural Prices (May 2016) USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Prices Paid Indexes, 2011 Base by Month for Selected Groups – United States: 2015 and 2016 [Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun]
Month
2011 Base
All items (PPITW)
Production Crop
sector Livestock
sector
2015 2016 2015 2016 2015 2016 2015 2016
(percent) (percent) (percent) (percent) (percent) (percent) (percent) (percent)
January ............................. February ........................... March ................................ April .................................. May ................................... June .................................. July ................................... August .............................. September ........................ October ............................. November ......................... December .........................
111.5 111.0 111.4 111.3 111.1 111.2 110.8 110.1 108.8 108.8 107.7 106.2
107.3 106.9 107.1 106.6
112.7 112.0 112.5 112.4 112.1 112.2 111.5 110.6 108.9 108.6 107.1 105.2
106.3 105.8 106.0 105.3
107.9 108.3 108.4 108.3 108.3 108.4 108.0 107.5 107.1 107.1 106.6 106.2
107.0 106.6 106.5 106.6
115.3 114.0 114.7 114.5 114.1 114.3 113.9 113.0 110.6 110.7 108.9 106.2
107.7 107.3 107.8 106.7
70
80
90
100
110
120
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Percent
Received and Paid Indexes, Annual Average –United States: 2011=100
Paid Received
Agricultural Prices (May 2016) 7 USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
60
80
100
120
140
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Percent
Crop Farm Received and Paid Indexes,All Items by Quarter –United States: 2011=100
Paid Received
60
80
100
120
140
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Percent
Livestock Farm Received and Paid Indexes,All Items by Quarter –United States: 2011=100
Paid Received
8 Agricultural Prices (May 2016) USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
60
80
100
120
140
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Percent
Received Indexes by Month,Agricultural, Crop, and Livestock Production –United States: 2011=100
Agricultural Production Crop Production Livestock Production
50
70
90
110
130
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Percent
Received Indexes by Month,Feed Grain, Food Grain, and Oilseed –United States: 2011=100
Feed Grain Food Grain Oilseed
Agricultural Prices (May 2016) 9 USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
60
80
100
120
140
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Percent
Received Indexes by Month,Fruit & Tree Nut and Vegetable & Melon –United States: 2011=100
Fruit & Tree Nut Vegetable & Melon
50
70
90
110
130
150
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Percent
Received Indexes by Month,Dairy, Meat Animal, and Poultry & Egg –United States: 2011=100
Dairy Meat Animal Poultry & Egg
10 Agricultural Prices (May 2016) USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Prices Received for Field Crops and Fruits – United States: April 2016 with Comparisons
Commodity 2011
Base Price April 2015 March 2016 April 2016
Field crops Austrian winter peas ............................................ dollars/cwt Barley, all ....................................................... dollars/bushel Feed ............................................................ dollars/bushel Malting ......................................................... dollars/bushel Beans, dry edible ................................................ dollars/cwt Canola ................................................................ dollars/cwt Chickpeas, all ..................................................... dollars/cwt Large ................................................................ dollars/cwt Small ................................................................. dollars/cwt Corn ............................................................... dollars/bushel Cotton, Upland ................................................ dollars/pound Cottonseed ..........................................................dollars/ton Flaxseed ........................................................ dollars/bushel Hay, all, baled ......................................................dollars/ton Alfalfa .................................................................dollars/ton Other ..................................................................dollars/ton Lentils ................................................................. dollars/cwt Oats ............................................................... dollars/bushel Peanuts, in-shell ............................................. dollars/pound Peas, dry edible .................................................. dollars/cwt Potatoes ............................................................. dollars/cwt Rice, all ............................................................... dollars/cwt Long .................................................................. dollars/cwt Medium and short ............................................. dollars/cwt Sorghum grain .................................................... dollars/cwt Soybeans ....................................................... dollars/bushel Sunflowers, all ..................................................... dollars/cwt Wheat, all ....................................................... dollars/bushel Winter .......................................................... dollars/bushel Durum .......................................................... dollars/bushel Other spring ................................................. dollars/bushel Hard red winter ........................................... dollars/bushel Soft red winter ............................................. dollars/bushel Hard red spring ........................................... dollars/bushel White .......................................................... dollars/bushel Fruits Citrus, equivalent on-tree Grapefruit .......................................................... dollars/box Lemons ............................................................. dollars/box Oranges ............................................................ dollars/box Tangelos ........................................................... dollars/box Tangerines and mandarins ................................ dollars/box Non-citrus, fresh Apples 1 ........................................................ dollars/pound Grapes 1 .............................................................dollars/ton Peaches 1 ...........................................................dollars/ton Pears 1 ...............................................................dollars/ton Strawberries ...................................................... dollars/cwt
19.50 4.79 4.59 4.83
34.60 23.10 35.70 39.20 23.40 6.02
0.880
131.00 14.20
159.00 176.00 119.00 27.50 3.42
0.252 13.60
9.78
13.70 12.30 18.40 10.70 12.50 29.00
7.44 6.93 9.22 8.33 7.07 6.77 8.38 6.58
7.47 12.30 8.16 3.50
15.30
0.325 628.00 507.00 559.00 104.00
(D) 4.94 3.05 5.75
32.20 16.30 23.10 25.20 19.20 3.75
0.626 (NA)
12.00 168.00 183.00 140.00 27.20 2.82
0.221 13.70
9.69
12.60 11.10 17.30 7.90 9.69
23.20
5.56 5.50 7.79 5.51 5.36 4.94 5.50 6.26
5.33 21.65 10.78
(S) (D)
0.259 (S) (S)
610.00 76.80
(D) 5.40 2.77 5.61
26.60 15.10 29.20 30.70 24.80 3.57
0.552 (NA) 8.36
138.00 144.00 126.00 38.80 2.20
0.192 13.70
9.38
11.80 11.00 14.50 5.67 8.56
21.40
4.40 4.27 6.04 4.47 4.19 4.21 4.46 4.65
8.46 24.64 9.19
(S) (D)
0.460 (S) (S)
749.00 81.00
(S) 5.30 2.76 5.71
26.80 16.10 28.40 32.50 25.20 3.58
0.558 (NA) 8.09
146.00 153.00 130.00 36.20 1.95
0.196 17.20
9.94
11.30 10.70 13.80 5.36 9.04
20.90
4.50 4.34 6.24 4.63 4.15 4.41 4.65 4.61
10.48 24.33 9.19
(S) (D)
0.435 (S) (S)
793.00 84.30
(D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (NA) Not available. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. 1 Equivalent packinghouse-door returns for California, Michigan, New York (apples only), Pennsylvania (apples only), and Washington (apples,
peaches, and pears). Prices as sold for other states.
Agricultural Prices (May 2016) 11 USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Prices Received for Vegetables and Livestock – United States: April 2016 with Comparisons [Price data source for livestock and poultry commodities is United States Department of Agriculture's Agricultural Marketing Service]
Commodity 2011
Base Price April 2015 March 2016 April 2016
Vegetables, fresh 1 Asparagus .......................................................... dollars/cwt Beans, snap ........................................................ dollars/cwt Broccoli ............................................................... dollars/cwt Cantaloupes ....................................................... dollars/cwt Carrots ................................................................ dollars/cwt Cauliflower .......................................................... dollars/cwt Celery ................................................................. dollars/cwt Corn, sweet ........................................................ dollars/cwt Cucumbers ......................................................... dollars/cwt Lettuce ................................................................ dollars/cwt Onions 2 .............................................................. dollars/cwt Tomatoes ........................................................... dollars/cwt Livestock Calves ................................................................ dollars/cwt Cattle, all beef ..................................................... dollars/cwt Cows 3 .............................................................. dollars/cwt Steers and heifers ............................................. dollars/cwt Milk cows 4 ........................................................ dollars/head Hogs, all ............................................................. dollars/cwt Barrows and gilts .............................................. dollars/cwt Sows ................................................................ dollars/cwt Dairy and poultry Milk, all 5 ............................................................. dollars/cwt Fat test .................................................................. percent Broilers, live 6 .................................................. dollars/pound Eggs, all 7 ....................................................... dollars/dozen Market 7 8 ...................................................... dollars/dozen Turkeys, live 9 ................................................. dollars/pound
37.50 69.00 41.60 16.50 30.80 47.00 22.50 30.70 18.70 24.30 11.90 51.20
142.00 115.00 71.60
117.00 1,420.00
66.50 66.80 57.90
20.10 3.71
0.459 0.969 0.796 0.680
143.00 54.80 50.60 (NA)
31.80 87.80 18.60 29.60 24.00 23.10 18.90 45.20
288.00 162.00 113.00 164.00
1,970.00 49.00 49.40 38.50
16.50 3.72
0.640 1.08
0.870 0.702
103.00 95.20 30.90
(D) 34.90 39.80 18.80 67.50 48.70 15.40 14.90 70.90
199.00 135.00 80.00
137.00 (NA)
50.00 50.50 36.30
15.30 3.80
0.490 0.967 0.729 0.789
125.00 42.80 39.30
(D) 38.60 53.70 20.00 34.30 26.20 20.80 21.10 38.60
183.00 131.00 81.50
133.00 1,820.00
51.00 51.40 41.30
15.00 3.76
0.520 0.677 0.390 0.832
Adjusted for seasonal variation Eggs, all .......................................................... dollars/dozen Seasonal factor ...................................................... percent Milk, all ............................................................... dollars/cwt Seasonal factor ...................................................... percent
0.979
101 20.20
100
1.26
86 16.90
98
0.95 101
15.70 97
0.79
86 15.30
98
(D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (NA) Not available. 1 Point of first sale. 2 Includes some processing. 3 Beef cows and cull dairy cows sold for slaughter. 4 Animals sold for dairy herd replacement only. Prices available for January, April, July, and October. 5 Before deductions for hauling. Includes quality, quantity, and other premiums. Excludes hauling subsidies. 6 Live weight equivalent price. 7 Mid-month price. 8 Also referred to as table eggs. 9 Live weight equivalent price is used when actual live weight price is not available. Beginning January 2011, price reflects FOB shipping point
basis. Prior year price reflects delivered basis.
12 Agricultural Prices (May 2016) USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
3
4
5
6
7
8
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Dollars per bushel
Prices Received for Corn by Month – United States
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Dollars per bushel
Prices Received for Wheat by Month – United States
Agricultural Prices (May 2016) 13 USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Dollars per pound
Prices Received for Upland Cotton by Month –United States
5
7
9
11
13
15
17
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Dollars per bushel
Prices Received for Soybeans by Month –United States
14 Agricultural Prices (May 2016) USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Dollars per cwt
Prices Received for Cattle by Month – United States
All Beef Cattle Calves Cows Steers & Heifers
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Dollars per cwt
Prices Received for Milk by Month – United States
Agricultural Prices (May 2016) 15 USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Dollars per cwt
Prices Received for Hogs by Month – United States
0.30
0.40
0.50
0.60
0.70
0.80
0.90
1.00
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Dollars per pound
Prices Received for Poultry by Month –United States
Broilers Turkeys
16 Agricultural Prices (May 2016) USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Prices Received for All Wheat, Corn, and Soybeans by Month – United States: 2016 with Comparisons [Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun]
Month All wheat Corn Soybeans
2014 2015 2016 2014 2015 2016 2014 2015 2016
(dollars per
bushel) (dollars per
bushel) (dollars per
bushel) (dollars per
bushel) (dollars per
bushel) (dollars per
bushel) (dollars per
bushel) (dollars per
bushel) (dollars per
bushel)
January ........ February ...... March ........... April ............. May .............. June ............. July .............. August ......... September ... October ........ November .... December ....
6.65 6.50 6.74 6.82 7.08 6.49 6.15 5.97 5.71 5.71 6.04 6.14
6.15 5.89 5.70 5.56 5.33 5.43 5.23 4.85 4.72 4.87 4.86 4.71
4.82 4.61 4.40 4.50
4.42 4.35 4.52 4.71 4.71 4.50 4.06 3.63 3.49 3.57 3.60 3.79
3.82 3.79 3.81 3.75 3.64 3.59 3.80 3.68 3.68 3.67 3.60 3.65
3.66 3.57 3.57 3.58
12.90 13.20 13.70 14.30 14.40 14.30 13.10 12.40 10.90 9.97
10.20 10.30
10.30 9.91 9.85 9.69 9.58 9.58 9.95 9.71 9.05 8.81 8.68 8.76
8.71 8.51 8.56 9.04
Prices Received for Beef Cattle and All Hogs by Month – United States: 2016 with Comparisons [Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun]
Month Beef cattle 1 All hogs 2
2014 2015 2016 2014 2015 2016
(dollars per cwt) (dollars per cwt) (dollars per cwt) (dollars per cwt) (dollars per cwt) (dollars per cwt)
January ............. February ........... March ................ April .................. May ................... June .................. July ................... August .............. September ........ October ............. November ......... December .........
138.00 144.00 148.00 148.00 146.00 147.00 156.00 158.00 157.00 161.00 167.00 164.00
164.00 159.00 160.00 162.00 160.00 155.00 149.00 148.00 139.00 128.00 129.00 122.00
130.00 132.00 135.00 131.00
61.20 65.50 81.90 88.80 82.80 84.80 93.30 83.20 75.70 77.00 66.70 64.30
57.40 50.40 50.30 49.00 58.90 59.90 58.70 59.00 54.50 55.50 45.90 42.80
43.60 49.60 50.00 51.00
1 Cows and steers & heifers. 2 Barrows & gilts and sows.
Agricultural Prices (May 2016) 17 USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Prices Received for All Wheat – States and United States: April 2016 with Comparisons
State April 2015 March 2016 April 2016
(dollars per bushel) (dollars per bushel) (dollars per bushel)
Arizona ............................................ Arkansas ......................................... California ......................................... Colorado .......................................... Idaho ............................................... Illinois .............................................. Indiana ............................................ Kansas ............................................ Michigan .......................................... Minnesota ........................................ Missouri ........................................... Montana .......................................... Nebraska ......................................... North Carolina ................................. North Dakota ................................... Ohio ................................................. Oklahoma ........................................ Oregon ............................................ South Dakota ................................... Texas .............................................. Washington ..................................... United States ...................................
(S) 4.89 (D)
5.11 6.07 4.39 4.83 5.43 6.18 4.85
5.16 6.18 5.37 5.01 5.30 5.39 5.41 6.62 5.23 5.38 6.24
5.56
(S) (D)
4.15 3.88 4.65 3.04 4.48 4.03 5.25 4.48
4.24 4.53 3.89 5.37 4.50 4.39 4.13 4.73 4.32 3.81 4.81
4.40
(D) (D) (D)
3.93 4.40 4.24 4.20 4.03 5.24 4.63
4.60 4.62 3.96 5.04 4.58 3.99 4.09 (D)
4.46 3.99 4.78
4.50
(D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate.
Prices Received for Winter Wheat – States and United States: April 2016 with Comparisons State April 2015 March 2016 April 2016
(dollars per bushel) (dollars per bushel) (dollars per bushel)
Arkansas ......................................... California ......................................... Colorado .......................................... Idaho ............................................... Illinois .............................................. Indiana ............................................ Kansas ............................................ Michigan .......................................... Minnesota ........................................ Missouri ........................................... Montana .......................................... Nebraska ......................................... North Carolina ................................. North Dakota ................................... Ohio ................................................. Oklahoma ........................................ Oregon ............................................ South Dakota ................................... Texas .............................................. Washington ..................................... United States ...................................
(D) (D)
5.12 5.90 4.39 4.83 5.43 6.18
(S) 5.16
5.75 5.37 5.01 3.79 5.39 5.41 6.59 4.79 5.38 6.13
5.50
(D) 4.15 3.88 4.62 3.04 4.48 4.03 5.25 (D)
4.24
4.44 3.89 5.37 3.59 4.39 4.13 4.72 3.89 3.81 4.79
4.27
(D) (D)
3.93 4.21 4.24 4.20 4.03 5.24 (D)
4.60
4.32 3.96 5.04 3.81 3.99 4.09 (D)
3.98 3.99 4.70
4.34
(D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate.
18 Agricultural Prices (May 2016) USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Prices Received for Durum Wheat – States and United States: April 2016 with Comparisons
State April 2015 March 2016 April 2016
(dollars per bushel) (dollars per bushel) (dollars per bushel)
Arizona ........................................... California ........................................ Idaho ............................................... Montana .......................................... North Dakota ................................... United States ..................................
(S) (S) (D) (D)
7.79
7.79
(S) (S) (D) (D)
5.92
6.04
(D) (S) (D) (D)
6.30
6.24
(D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate.
Prices Received for Spring Wheat – States and United States: April 2016 with Comparisons
State April 2015 March 2016 April 2016
(dollars per bushel) (dollars per bushel) (dollars per bushel)
Colorado ......................................... Idaho ............................................... Minnesota ....................................... Montana .......................................... North Dakota ................................... Oregon ............................................ South Dakota .................................. Washington ..................................... United States ..................................
(D) 6.62 4.85 6.44 5.12 6.86 5.66 6.82
5.51
(D) 4.68 4.49 4.47 4.42 4.79 4.54 4.98
4.47
(D) 4.69 4.63 4.70 4.48 (D)
4.61 5.16
4.63
(D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations.
Prices Received for Oats – States and United States: April 2016 with Comparisons
State April 2015 March 2016 April 2016
(dollars per bushel) (dollars per bushel) (dollars per bushel)
Illinois .............................................. Iowa ................................................ Michigan ......................................... Minnesota ....................................... Montana .......................................... Nebraska ........................................ New York ........................................ North Dakota ................................... Oregon ............................................ Pennsylvania .................................. South Dakota .................................. Texas .............................................. Wisconsin ....................................... United States ..................................
(D) 3.62 3.28 2.94
(S) (D) (D)
2.10 (S) (D)
2.99 (S)
3.03
2.82
(D) 2.83 2.10 2.05
(S) (D)
2.22 2.11 (D) (D)
1.90 (S)
1.62
2.20
(D) 2.54 1.94 1.79 (D)
1.95 (D)
1.99 (D) (D)
1.80 (S)
1.66
1.95
(D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate.
Agricultural Prices (May 2016) 19 USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Prices Received for All Barley – States and United States: April 2016 with Comparisons
State April 2015 March 2016 April 2016
(dollars per bushel) (dollars per bushel) (dollars per bushel)
California ......................................... Colorado .......................................... Idaho ............................................... Minnesota ........................................ Montana .......................................... North Dakota ................................... Oregon ............................................ Utah ................................................. Washington ..................................... Wyoming ......................................... United States ...................................
(S) 7.89 3.69 5.45 5.07 5.09 3.85 (D)
3.45 (D)
4.94
(D) 6.24 6.01 5.55 5.40 4.96 (D) (D)
3.20 (D)
5.40
(S) (S)
6.29 5.33 5.22 4.88 (D) (D)
2.97 (S)
5.30
(D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate.
Prices Received for Malting Barley – States and United States: April 2016 with Comparisons
State April 2015 March 2016 April 2016
(dollars per bushel) (dollars per bushel) (dollars per bushel)
Idaho ............................................... Minnesota ........................................ Montana .......................................... North Dakota ................................... Wyoming ......................................... United States ...................................
6.05 5.38 6.33 5.37 (D)
5.75
6.14 5.55 5.67 5.10 (D)
5.61
6.45 5.51 5.61 5.25
(S)
5.71
(D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate.
Prices Received for Feed Barley – States and United States: April 2016 with Comparisons
State April 2015 March 2016 April 2016
(dollars per bushel) (dollars per bushel) (dollars per bushel)
Idaho ............................................... Minnesota ........................................ Montana .......................................... North Dakota ................................... Wyoming ......................................... United States ...................................
2.71 (D)
2.52 3.62
(S)
3.05
2.87 (S) (D)
2.31 (D)
2.77
3.26 (D) (D)
2.30 (S)
2.76
(D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate.
Prices Received for Sorghum Grain – States and United States: April 2016 with Comparisons
State April 2015 March 2016 April 2016
(dollars per cwt) (dollars per cwt) (dollars per cwt)
Arkansas ......................................... Illinois .............................................. Kansas ............................................ Louisiana ......................................... Missouri ........................................... Nebraska ......................................... Oklahoma ........................................ Texas .............................................. United States ...................................
7.37 7.10 7.96 (D)
7.21 7.68 7.90 7.55
7.90
6.62 5.75 5.28 (D)
7.32 5.46 5.72 6.21
5.67
6.68 (D)
5.35 (D)
6.12 5.40 5.37 5.16
5.36
(D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations.
20 Agricultural Prices (May 2016) USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Prices Received for Corn – States and United States: April 2016 with Comparisons
State April 2015 March 2016 April 2016
(dollars per bushel) (dollars per bushel) (dollars per bushel)
Colorado ......................................... Illinois .............................................. Indiana ............................................ Iowa ................................................ Kansas ............................................ Kentucky ......................................... Michigan ......................................... Minnesota ....................................... Missouri .......................................... Nebraska ........................................ North Carolina ................................. North Dakota ................................... Ohio ................................................ Pennsylvania .................................. South Dakota .................................. Tennessee ...................................... Texas .............................................. Wisconsin ....................................... United States ..................................
3.86 3.71 3.84 3.74 3.86 4.09 3.78 3.60 3.78 3.83
4.42 3.39 3.83 4.06 3.38 4.18 4.25 3.73
3.75
3.61 3.68 3.93 3.47 3.50 3.85 3.57 3.25 3.71 3.49
4.40 3.21 3.87 3.91 3.20 3.76 4.05 3.43
3.57
3.60 3.70 3.98 3.52 3.54 3.90 3.71 3.37 3.73 3.49
4.43 3.29 3.91 4.07 3.26 3.81 3.89 3.50
3.58
Prices Received for Soybeans – States and United States: April 2016 with Comparisons
State April 2015 March 2016 April 2016
(dollars per bushel) (dollars per bushel) (dollars per bushel)
Arkansas ......................................... Illinois .............................................. Indiana ............................................ Iowa ................................................ Kansas ............................................ Kentucky ......................................... Louisiana ........................................ Michigan ......................................... Minnesota ....................................... Mississippi ...................................... Missouri .......................................... Nebraska ........................................ North Carolina ................................. North Dakota ................................... Ohio ................................................ South Dakota .................................. Tennessee ...................................... Wisconsin ....................................... United States ..................................
10.10 9.90 9.94 9.58 9.29
10.20 10.50 10.00 9.73
10.10
9.77 9.35
10.00 8.85 9.83 9.08
10.00 9.63
9.69
9.25 8.83 8.90 8.46 8.38 8.84 9.29 8.77 8.17 9.04
8.86 8.30 8.79 8.06 8.88 8.25 8.98 8.54
8.56
(D) 9.28 9.28 8.93 8.94 9.40 (D)
9.12 9.00 9.66
9.27 8.74 9.36 8.50 9.51 8.64 9.45 8.99
9.04
(D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations.
Agricultural Prices (May 2016) 21 USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Prices Received for Dry Beans – States and United States: April 2016 with Comparisons
State April 2015 March 2016 April 2016
(dollars per cwt) (dollars per cwt) (dollars per cwt)
California ......................................... Colorado .......................................... Idaho ............................................... Michigan .......................................... Minnesota ........................................ Nebraska ......................................... North Dakota ................................... United States ...................................
59.50 22.70 29.10 39.80
(D) (D)
30.40
32.20
77.10 25.50
(D) (D)
25.00 (D)
23.20
26.60
(D) 29.00 32.00 25.20 25.40
(D) 23.60
26.80
(D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations.
Prices Received for Peanuts (in shell) – States and United States: April 2016 with Comparisons
State April 2015 March 2016 April 2016
(dollars per pound) (dollars per pound) (dollars per pound)
Alabama .......................................... Florida ............................................. Georgia ........................................... Mississippi ....................................... New Mexico ..................................... North Carolina ................................. Oklahoma ........................................ South Carolina ................................. Texas .............................................. Virginia ............................................ United States ...................................
0.205 0.213 0.209 0.223
(S) 0.277
(S) 0.264 0.297 0.274
0.221
0.188 0.179 0.190 0.162
(S) (S)
0.207 0.197 0.245
(S)
0.192
0.185 0.187 0.196 0.189
(S) (D)
0.198 0.196 0.225
(S)
0.196
(D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate.
Prices Received for Sunflower – States and United States: April 2016 with Comparisons
State April 2015 March 2016 April 2016
(dollars per cwt) (dollars per cwt) (dollars per cwt)
Colorado .......................................... Kansas ............................................ Minnesota ........................................ North Dakota ................................... South Dakota ................................... United States ...................................
(D) 22.00 21.00 23.80 22.80
23.20
(S) 22.40 23.20 20.90 19.20
21.40
(S) 20.70
(D) 21.30 19.50
20.90
(D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate.
Prices Received for Canola – States and United States: April 2016 with Comparisons
State April 2015 March 2016 April 2016
(dollars per cwt) (dollars per cwt) (dollars per cwt)
Minnesota ........................................ North Dakota ................................... United States ...................................
(D) 16.30
16.30
(S) 15.10
15.10
(S) 16.10
16.10
(D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate.
22 Agricultural Prices (May 2016) USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Prices Received for Flaxseed – States and United States: April 2016 with Comparisons
State April 2015 March 2016 April 2016
(dollars per bushel) (dollars per bushel) (dollars per bushel)
North Dakota ................................... United States ..................................
12.00
12.00
8.36
8.36
8.09
8.09
Prices Received for Upland Cotton and Cottonseed – States and United States: April 2016 with Comparisons [Cottonseed marketing year August - February]
State
Cotton, Upland Cottonseed
April 2015
March 2016
April 2016
April 2015
March 2016
April 2016
(dollars per pound) (dollars per pound) (dollars per pound) (dollars per ton) (dollars per ton) (dollars per ton)
Alabama ............................ Arizona .............................. Arkansas ............................ California ........................... Georgia .............................. Louisiana ........................... Mississippi ......................... North Carolina .................... Tennessee ......................... Texas ................................. United States .....................
(D) (D) (D) (D)
0.688 (D)
0.684 (D)
0.657 0.534
0.626
0.578 0.640 0.587
(D) 0.547 0.587
(D) 0.558 0.568 0.545
0.552
0.561 (D) (D) (D)
0.604 (D) (D)
0.555 0.596 0.549
0.558
(NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)
(NA)
(NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)
(NA)
(NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)
(NA)
(D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (NA) Not available.
Prices Received and Farm Marketings for Upland Cotton and Rice – United States: April 2016 with Comparisons
Item April 2015 March 2016 April 2016
Cotton, Upland Average price ..................................... dollars/pound Marketings 1 .......................................... 1,000 bales Rice, all Average price .......................................... dollars/cwt Marketings 2 ..............................................1,000 cwt Rice, long Average price .......................................... dollars/cwt Marketings 2 ..............................................1,000 cwt Rice, medium and short California Average price .......................................... dollars/cwt Other States 3 Average price .......................................... dollars/cwt United States Average price .......................................... dollars/cwt Marketings 2 ..............................................1,000 cwt
0.626 490
12.60 15,918
11.10 12,163
20.80
14.30
17.30 3,755
0.552 1,046
11.80 13,779
11.00 10,770
17.80
10.80
14.50 3,009
0.558 783
11.30 13,803
10.70 11,007
17.80
10.40
13.80 2,796
1 Marketings based on a survey of cotton buyers in the major producing States - Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Texas.
2 Purchases by private firms and rice (rough equivalent) shipped by cooperatives. 3 Other States include Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, and Texas.
Agricultural Prices (May 2016) 23 USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Prices Received for Hay by Type – States and United States: April 2016 with Comparisons
State
All hay Alfalfa hay Other hay
April 2015
March 2016
April 2016
April 2015
March 2016
April 2016
April 2015
March 2016
April 2016
(dollars per
ton) (dollars per
ton) (dollars per
ton) (dollars per
ton) (dollars per
ton) (dollars per
ton) (dollars per
ton) (dollars per
ton) (dollars per
ton)
Arizona ............ California ......... Colorado .......... Idaho ............... Illinois .............. Iowa ................. Kansas ............ Kentucky .......... Michigan .......... Minnesota ........ Missouri ........... Montana .......... Nebraska ......... Nevada ............ New Mexico ..... New York ......... North Dakota ... Ohio ................. Oklahoma ........ Oregon ............ Pennsylvania ... South Dakota ... Texas .............. Utah ................. Washington ..... Wisconsin ........ Wyoming ......... United States ...
200.00 209.00 196.00 160.00 151.00 124.00 125.00 141.00 161.00 113.00
97.00
123.00 94.00
213.00 195.00 163.00 86.00
145.00 93.00
193.00
246.00 112.00 89.00
175.00 195.00 117.00 117.00
168.00
180.00 160.00 176.00 150.00 156.00 97.00 91.00
147.00 125.00 80.00
90.00
118.00 86.00
131.00 179.00 159.00 72.00
143.00 108.00 170.00
197.00 93.00
104.00 145.00 153.00 86.00
113.00
138.00
180.00 156.00 177.00 140.00 155.00 98.00 90.00
147.00 123.00 85.00
92.00
123.00 84.00
126.00 164.00 174.00 75.00
148.00 120.00 177.00
190.00 96.00
102.00 145.00 147.00 89.00
113.00
146.00
200.00 215.00 195.00 160.00 165.00 131.00 132.00 210.00 175.00 123.00
165.00 125.00 96.00
215.00 200.00 220.00 87.00
175.00 187.00 200.00
245.00 118.00 230.00 175.00 195.00 124.00 120.00
183.00
180.00 165.00 180.00 150.00 170.00 102.00 100.00 225.00 130.00 85.00
160.00 120.00 89.00
130.00 185.00 236.00 75.00
180.00 138.00 170.00
198.00 95.00
195.00 145.00 145.00 96.00
115.00
144.00
180.00 165.00 180.00 140.00 170.00 104.00 105.00 225.00 125.00 99.00
160.00 125.00 88.00
125.00 165.00 206.00 76.00
185.00 142.00 175.00
189.00 100.00 192.00 145.00 140.00 96.00
115.00
153.00
200.00 175.00 200.00 155.00 100.00 97.00
102.00 110.00 130.00 84.00
80.00
115.00 90.00
190.00 160.00 160.00 61.00
120.00 79.00
180.00
246.00 94.00 72.00
140.00 195.00 79.00
100.00
140.00
195.00 130.00 150.00 150.00 100.00 82.00 71.00
115.00 110.00 61.00
75.00
110.00 77.00
150.00 145.00 157.00 54.00
115.00 81.00
170.00
196.00 81.00 85.00
120.00 170.00 56.00
100.00
126.00
160.00 115.00 160.00 140.00 100.00 83.00 74.00
110.00 115.00 56.00
75.00
115.00 79.00
140.00 155.00 173.00 58.00
115.00 91.00
180.00
190.00 81.00 87.00
115.00 160.00 67.00
100.00
130.00
Prices Received for Apples – States and United States: April 2016 with Comparisons [Equivalent packinghouse-door returns for California, Michigan, New York, Pennsylvania, and Washington. Prices at point of first sale for other States]
State Apples, fresh use
April 2015 March 2016 April 2016
(dollars per pound) (dollars per pound) (dollars per pound)
California ......................................... Michigan .......................................... New York ......................................... Pennsylvania ................................... Virginia ............................................ Washington ..................................... United States ...................................
(S) 0.310 0.250 0.238 0.290 0.260
0.259
(S) 0.365 0.249 0.339 0.250 0.488
0.460
(S) 0.380 0.249 0.334 0.240 0.482
0.435
(S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate.
24 Agricultural Prices (May 2016) USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Prices Received for Citrus Fruits by Utilization – States and United States: April 2015 [Net pounds per box: grapefruit in California-80, Florida-85, Texas-80; lemons-80; oranges in California-80, Florida-90, Texas-85; tangelos-90; tangerines and mandarins in California-80, Florida-95]
Commodity, State,
and type
FOB packed fresh
Equivalent returns
Packinghouse door On-tree
All Fresh Process All Fresh Process
(dollars per
box) (dollars per
box) (dollars per
box) (dollars per
box) (dollars per
box) (dollars per
box) (dollars per
box)
Grapefruit California ........................................... Florida, all ......................................... White ............................................. Red ............................................... Texas ................................................ United States .................................... Lemons Arizona ............................................. California ........................................... United States .................................... Oranges California, all ..................................... Navel and miscellaneous .............. Valencia ........................................ Florida, all ......................................... Early and mids .............................. Valencia ........................................ United States .................................... Tangelos Florida ............................................... United States .................................... Tangerines and mandarins Arizona ............................................. California ........................................... Florida ............................................... United States ....................................
(D)
26.10 25.60 26.10 22.40
21.10
(S) 46.10
46.10
28.60 29.00
(D) 26.70
(S) 26.70
28.40
(S)
(S)
(D) (D)
42.70
(D)
11.21 6.69 6.02 8.29 7.08
7.65
(S) 27.44
27.44
14.11 14.18
(D) 13.37
(S) 13.37
13.54
(S)
(S)
(D) (D)
19.03
(D)
(D)
15.29 14.70 15.30 10.80
11.95
(S) 36.65
36.65
19.21 19.65
(D) 15.60
(S) 15.55
18.77
(S)
(S)
(D) (D)
29.30
(D)
(D)
5.89 6.00 5.55 (D)
5.18
(S) (D)
(D)
(D) (D) (D)
13.30 (S)
13.30
12.28
(S)
(S)
(D) (D)
7.40
(D)
9.08 4.02 3.42 5.43 5.53
5.33
(S) 21.65
21.65
11.45 11.52
(D) 10.57
(S) 10.57
10.78
(S)
(S)
(D) (D)
15.34
(D)
(D)
13.04 12.55 13.05 9.19
9.93
(S) 30.51
30.51
16.60 17.04
(D) 12.85
(S) 12.80
16.15
(S)
(S)
(D) (D)
26.05
(D)
(D)
3.18 3.40 2.45 (D)
2.70
(S) (D)
(D)
(D) (D) (D)
10.50 (S)
10.50
9.48
(S)
(S)
(D) (D)
3.20
(D)
(D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate.
Agricultural Prices (May 2016) 25 USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Prices Received for Citrus Fruits by Utilization – States and United States: March 2016 [Net pounds per box: grapefruit in California-80, Florida-85, Texas-80; lemons-80; oranges in California-80, Florida-90, Texas-85; tangelos-90; tangerines and mandarins in California-80, Florida-95]
Commodity, State,
and type
FOB packed fresh
Equivalent returns
Packinghouse door On-tree
All Fresh Process All Fresh Process
(dollars per
box) (dollars per
box) (dollars per
box) (dollars per
box) (dollars per
box) (dollars per
box) (dollars per
box)
Grapefruit California .......................................... Florida, all ......................................... White ............................................ Red ............................................... Texas ................................................ United States .................................... Lemons Arizona ............................................. California .......................................... United States .................................... Oranges California, all ..................................... Navel and miscellaneous .............. Valencia ........................................ Florida, all ......................................... Early and mids .............................. Valencia ........................................ Texas, all .......................................... Early and mids .............................. Valencia ........................................ United States .................................... Tangelos Florida .............................................. United States .................................... Tangerines and mandarins California .......................................... Florida .............................................. United States ....................................
(D)
27.00 30.70 26.80 31.70
28.50
(S) 48.30
48.30
24.80 24.50
(D) 27.70
(S) 27.30 35.40
(S) 35.70
25.30
(S)
(S)
(D) 41.90
(D)
16.62 11.13 9.17
11.97 8.95
10.77
(S) 30.61
30.61
12.35 12.11
(D) 11.66
(S) 11.64 20.07
(S) 22.21
11.95
(S)
(S)
(D) 18.48
(D)
(D)
16.17 19.80 16.00 20.10
18.02
(S) 38.66
38.66
15.24 14.96
(D) 16.51
(S) 16.15 23.81
(S) 24.10
15.56
(S)
(S)
(D) 28.50
(D)
(D)
9.12 8.70 9.40 (D)
6.74
(S) (D)
(D)
(D) (D) (D)
11.51 (S)
11.50 (S) (S) (D)
10.58
(S)
(S)
(D) 8.10
0.35
14.14 8.42 6.59 9.20 7.43
8.46
(S) 24.64
24.64
9.65 9.41 (D)
8.87 (S)
8.84 18.27
(S) 20.39
9.19
(S)
(S)
(D) 14.76
(D)
(D)
13.93 17.65 13.75 18.49
15.99
(S) 32.40
32.40
12.58 12.30
(D) 13.77
(S) 13.40 21.98
(S) 22.27
12.92
(S)
(S)
(D) 25.25
(D)
(D)
6.22 6.10 6.30 (D)
4.26
(S) (D)
(D)
(D) (D) (D)
8.71 (S)
8.70 (S) (S) (D)
7.78
(S)
(S)
(D) 3.90
-4.15
(D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate.
26 Agricultural Prices (May 2016) USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Prices Received for Citrus Fruits by Utilization – States and United States: April 2016 [Net pounds per box: grapefruit in California-80, Florida-85, Texas-80; lemons-80; oranges in California-80, Florida-90, Texas-85; tangelos-90; tangerines and mandarins in California-80, Florida-95]
Commodity, State,
and type
FOB packed fresh
Equivalent returns
Packinghouse door On-tree
All Fresh Process All Fresh Process
(dollars per
box) (dollars per
box) (dollars per
box) (dollars per
box) (dollars per
box) (dollars per
box) (dollars per
box)
Grapefruit California ........................................... Florida, all ......................................... White ............................................. Red ............................................... Texas ................................................ United States .................................... Lemons Arizona ............................................. California ........................................... United States .................................... Oranges California, all ..................................... Navel and miscellaneous .............. Valencia ........................................ Florida, all ......................................... Early and mids .............................. Valencia ........................................ Texas, all .......................................... Early and mids .............................. Valencia ........................................ United States .................................... Tangelos Florida ............................................... United States .................................... Tangerines and mandarins California ........................................... Florida ............................................... United States ....................................
(D)
29.00 (S)
29.00 31.70
29.30
(S) 48.30
48.30
25.10 24.60
(D) 28.70
(S) 28.70 34.90
(S) 35.70
25.60
(S)
(S)
(D) 41.20
(D)
16.11 14.03 8.15
15.00 8.82
12.66
(S) 30.29
30.29
11.97 11.65
(D) 11.89
(S) 11.89 18.24
(S) 17.77
11.95
(S)
(S)
(D) 20.83
(D)
(D)
18.20 (S)
18.20 20.10
20.04
(S) 38.66
38.66
15.52 15.06
(D) 17.55
(S) 17.55 23.33
(S) 24.10
15.86
(S)
(S)
(D) 27.80
(D)
(D)
9.91 8.15
10.60 (D)
3.80
(S) (D)
(D)
(D) (D) (D)
11.70 (S)
11.70 (D) (S) (D)
10.71
(S)
(S)
(D) 8.45
-0.04
13.50 11.42 5.55
12.39 7.30
10.48
(S) 24.33
24.33
9.26 8.95 (D)
9.09 (S)
9.09 16.45
(S) 15.98
9.19
(S)
(S)
(D) 17.24
(D)
(D)
15.95 (S)
15.95 18.49
17.94
(S) 32.40
32.40
12.86 12.40
(D) 14.80
(S) 14.80 21.50
(S) 22.27
13.21
(S)
(S)
(D) 24.55
(D)
(D)
6.95 5.55 7.50 (D)
1.52
(S) (D)
(D)
(D) (D) (D)
8.90 (S)
8.90 (D) (S) (D)
7.91
(S)
(S)
(D) 4.25
-4.54
(D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate.
Agricultural Prices (May 2016) 27 USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Prices Received for Potatoes – States and United States: April 2016 with Comparisons
State April 2015 March 2016 April 2016
(dollars per cwt) (dollars per cwt) (dollars per cwt)
California, all 1 ..................................... Spring .............................................. Fall .................................................. Colorado, all 1 ...................................... Fresh 2 ............................................. Florida ................................................. Idaho, all 1 ............................................ Fresh 2 ............................................. Processing ....................................... Maine .................................................. Michigan .............................................. Minnesota ............................................ New York ............................................. North Carolina ..................................... North Dakota, all 1 ................................ Fresh 2 ............................................. Processing ....................................... Oregon ................................................ Texas .................................................. Virginia ................................................ Washington, all 1 .................................. Processing ....................................... Wisconsin, all 1 .................................... Fresh 2 ............................................. Processing ....................................... United States, all 1 ............................... Fresh 2 ............................................. Processing .......................................
12.50 14.70 9.20 8.10 8.70
17.10 8.65 5.60 7.85 (D)
(D)
8.55 (D) (S) (D) (D) (D)
9.50 (D) (S)
8.60 8.25
12.00 10.60 9.55
9.69 9.69 8.50
11.70 15.20 9.95 8.90
10.30 20.40 7.95 5.45 7.50 (D)
(D)
10.60 (D) (S) (D) (D) (D)
10.20 (D) (S)
8.45 8.00
10.70 8.70 9.35
9.38 8.79 8.30
13.40 16.20 9.90 8.35
10.10 18.80 8.95 5.35 7.50 (D)
(D)
10.40 (D) (S) (D) (D) (D)
12.70 (D) (S)
8.70 (D)
9.65 8.80 9.45
9.94 9.10 8.65
(D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. 1 Average price of potatoes sold for all uses, including table stock, processing, seed, and livestock feed. 2 Fresh market prices only. Includes table stock prices.
28 Agricultural Prices (May 2016) USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Prices Received for All Milk – States and United States: April 2016 with Comparisons [Before deduction for hauling. Includes quality, quantity, and other premiums. Excludes hauling subsidies]
State April 2015 March 2016 April 2016
Price Fat test Price Fat test Price Fat test
(dollars per cwt) (percent) (dollars per cwt) (percent) (dollars per cwt) (percent)
Arizona ................................ California ............................. Colorado .............................. Florida .................................. Idaho .................................... Illinois ................................... Indiana ................................. Iowa ..................................... Kansas ................................. Michigan .............................. Minnesota ............................ New Mexico ......................... New York ............................. Ohio ..................................... Oregon ................................. Pennsylvania ....................... South Dakota ....................... Texas ................................... Utah ..................................... Vermont ............................... Virginia ................................. Washington .......................... Wisconsin ............................ United States .......................
15.10 14.52 17.30 20.10 16.50 17.30 17.00 16.90 16.20 16.20
17.60 15.50 17.50 17.30 18.00 17.60 18.40 17.00 16.40 17.90
17.90 16.30 17.60
16.50
3.40 3.66 3.59 3.51 3.77 3.73 3.69 3.76 3.65 3.67
3.85 3.52 3.78 3.75 3.87 3.71 4.00 3.82 3.71 3.86
3.63 3.87 3.76
3.72
14.00 14.13 15.70 18.30 15.00 15.40 15.10 15.50 14.90 14.10
15.80 14.60 16.20 16.00 16.80 16.30 16.60 16.00 14.90 16.50
17.00 15.30 15.80
15.30
3.50 3.75 3.66 3.57 3.86 3.80 3.75 3.86 3.70 3.70
3.95 3.59 3.86 3.84 3.93 3.83 4.10 3.94 3.81 3.86
3.73 3.93 3.81
3.80
13.90 13.63 15.70 18.50 14.70 15.20 15.10 15.30 14.80 14.00
15.60 14.40 16.10 16.00 16.60 16.20 16.20 15.80 14.90 16.40
16.40 15.10 15.60
15.00
3.50 3.71 3.65 3.52 3.82 3.78 3.70 3.84 3.68 3.66
3.91 3.55 3.83 3.79 3.86 3.79 4.05 3.91 3.76 3.83
3.66 3.86 3.79
3.76
Prices Received for Milk Cows – States and United States: April 2016 with Comparisons [Animals sold for dairy herd replacement only. Quarterly United States milk cow prices are based on revised milk cow inventory]
State April 2015 January 2016 April 2016
(dollars per head) (dollars per head) (dollars per head)
Arizona ........................................... California ........................................ Colorado ......................................... Florida ............................................. Idaho ............................................... Illinois .............................................. Indiana ............................................ Iowa ................................................ Kansas ............................................ Michigan ......................................... Minnesota ....................................... New Mexico .................................... New York ........................................ Ohio ................................................ Oregon ............................................ Pennsylvania .................................. South Dakota .................................. Texas .............................................. Utah ................................................ Vermont .......................................... Virginia ............................................ Washington ..................................... Wisconsin ....................................... United States ..................................
2,000.00 2,000.00 2,100.00 2,100.00 1,900.00 2,000.00 1,900.00 1,950.00 1,950.00 2,100.00
1,860.00 2,000.00 1,820.00 1,850.00 2,000.00 1,890.00 1,840.00 2,000.00 1,900.00 1,880.00
1,930.00 1,850.00 2,080.00
1,970.00
1,900.00 1,800.00 1,900.00 1,800.00 1,850.00 1,850.00 1,800.00 1,860.00 1,830.00 2,000.00
1,730.00 1,900.00 1,700.00 1,750.00 1,850.00 1,780.00 1,700.00 1,850.00 1,700.00 1,830.00
1,770.00 1,800.00 1,910.00
1,830.00
1,950.00 1,800.00 1,950.00 1,790.00 1,900.00 1,700.00 1,700.00 1,860.00 1,830.00 1,900.00
1,850.00 1,900.00 1,670.00 1,700.00 1,900.00 1,700.00 1,730.00 1,900.00 1,750.00 1,850.00
1,660.00 1,800.00 1,910.00
1,820.00
Agricultural Prices (May 2016) 29 USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Commodity Parity Prices and Price as Percent of Parity Price – United States: April 2016 with Comparisons [Parity prices are computed under the provisions of Title III, Subtitle a, Section 301 (a) of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 as amended by the Agricultural Acts of 1948, 1949, and 1956. See January Agricultural Prices for details on adjusted base price and parity price computations. Parity data not available for blank cells. Primary source of data for livestock and milk prices is United States Department of Agriculture's Agricultural Marketing Service]
Commodity and unit Adjusted
base price
Parity price Price as percent
of parity
April 2015
March 2016
April 2016
April 2015
March 2016
April 2016
(dollars) (dollars) (dollars) (dollars) (percent) (percent) (percent)
Basic commodities All wheat ....................................... bushel Rice ................................................... cwt Corn ............................................. bushel Cotton Upland ....................................... pound American Pima .......................... pound Peanuts ......................................... pound Small chickpeas 1 ............................... cwt Large chickpeas 1 .............................. cwt Lentils 1 .............................................. cwt Designated non-basic All milk, to plants 2 .............................. cwt Honey, extracted 3 ......................... pound Wool and mohair Wool .............................................. pound Mohair ........................................... pound Other non-basic Apples, fresh 4 ............................... pound Barley ........................................... bushel Canola ............................................... cwt Cottonseed ......................................... ton Dry edible beans ................................ cwt Flaxseed ....................................... bushel Oats .............................................. bushel Potatoes ............................................ cwt Sorghum grain ................................... cwt Soybeans ..................................... bushel Sunflower, all ..................................... cwt Citrus (equivalent on-tree) Grapefruit .......................................... box Lemons .............................................. box Oranges ............................................. box Tangerines ......................................... box Livestock and poultry Beef cattle ......................................... cwt Broilers .......................................... pound Calves ............................................... cwt Eggs 2 ............................................ dozen Hogs .................................................. cwt Turkeys, live .................................. pound
0.626 1.37
0.450
0.067 0.133 0.023 2.250 3.270 2.380
1.80 0.157
0.121 0.394
0.033 0.484 1.890 20.00 3.21
1.150 0.296 0.857 0.778 1.080 2.16
0.660 1.62
0.865 1.79
11.10 0.050 16.20 0.103 5.70
0.063
18.50 39.80 13.20
1.96 4.04
0.713 65.30 98.90 67.70
54.30 4.45
3.47 11.20
0.980 13.90 55.80
570.00 96.50 34.70 8.76
25.10 22.50 32.10 63.20
23.10 44.20 23.90 52.00
321.00 1.48
454.00 2.79
172.00 1.810
18.10 39.70 13.00
1.94 3.85
0.667 65.20 94.80 69.00
52.20 4.55
3.51 11.40
0.956 14.00 54.80
580.00 93.00 33.30 8.58
24.80 22.50 31.30 62.60
19.10 46.90 25.10 51.90
322.00 1.45
469.00 2.98
165.00 1.830
18.10 39.50 13.00
1.93 3.84
0.664 64.90 94.30 68.70
51.90 4.53
3.49 11.40
0.952 14.00 54.50
577.00 92.60 33.20 8.54
24.70 22.40 31.20 62.30
19.00 46.70 25.00 51.60
320.00 1.44
467.00 2.97
164.00 1.820
30 32 28
32 38 31 29 25 40
31 48
42 43
26 36 29 34 33 35 32 39 35 30 37
23 49 45 44
50 43 63 45 28 39
24 30 27
28 34 29 38 32 56
30 47
41 46
48 39 28 41 29 25 26 38 25 27 34
44 53 37 35
42 34 42 32 30 43
25 29 28
29 35 30 39 34 53
29 47
42 46
46 38 30 41 29 24 23 40 24 29 34
55 52 37 32
41 36 39 27 31 46
1 Parity prices began January 2015. 2 Seasonally adjusted price as percentage of parity price. 3 Wholesale extracted. Adjusted base price derived from state annual averages prices weighted by production. For 1982 through 1985 the national
averages are the support prices. 4 Equivalent packinghouse-door returns for California, New York, Oregon, and Washington. Price at point of first sale for other states.
30 Agricultural Prices (May 2016) USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Commodity Parity Prices – United States: April 2016 with Comparisons [Parity prices are computed under the provisions of Title III, Subtitle a, Section 301 (a) of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 as amended by the Agricultural Acts of 1948, 1949, and 1956. See January Agricultural Prices for details on adjusted base price and parity price computations]
Commodity and unit Adjusted
base price
Parity price
April 2015
March 2016
April 2016
(dollars) (dollars) (dollars) (dollars)
Field crops and miscellaneous Hops ............................................................................ pound Mustard seed ................................................................... cwt Rapeseed ........................................................................ cwt Rye ............................................................................. bushel Safflower .......................................................................... cwt Spearmint oil ................................................................ pound Sweet potatoes ................................................................ cwt Tobacco Flue-cured, 11-14 ..................................................... pound Fire-cured, 21-23 ...................................................... pound Burley, 31 ................................................................. pound Maryland, 32 ............................................................ pound Dark air-cured, 35-37 ............................................... pound Pennsylvania seedleaf, 41 ........................................ pound Cigar binder, 51 ........................................................ pound Non-citrus fruit Apples, processing 1 2 ....................................................... ton Apricots Fresh 3 .......................................................................... ton Dried (California) ........................................................... ton Avocados 2 3 ...................................................................... ton Cherries Sweet ............................................................................ ton Tart 2 ........................................................................ pound Cranberry 2 4 ................................................................. barrel Dates (California) 3 ............................................................ ton Grapes (California) Raisin variety 5 .............................................................. ton Wine, processing ........................................................... ton Kiwifruit 2 ........................................................................... ton Nectarines, fresh (California) 3 ........................................... ton Olives, canning (California) 4 ............................................. ton
0.338 3.17 2.66
0.630 2.23 1.70 2.08
0.180 0.255 0.179 0.171 0.230 0.184 0.629
18.30
116.00 251.00 178.00
209.00 0.032 4.32
147.00
140.00 64.90 91.40 60.50 93.10
9.65
91.10 72.10 18.20 64.10 48.70 61.80
5.37 7.69 5.37 5.08 6.95 5.37
18.80
537.00
3,530.00 7,630.00 5,430.00
6,380.00
0.980 132.00
4,510.00
4,280.00 (NA)
2,670.00 1,810.00 2,840.00
9.80
91.90 77.10 18.30 64.60 49.30 60.30
5.22 7.39 5.19 4.96 6.67 5.33
18.20
530.00
3,360.00 7,270.00 5,160.00
6,060.00
0.927 125.00
4,260.00
4,060.00 1,880.00 2,650.00 1,750.00 2,700.00
9.75
91.50 76.70 18.20 64.30 49.00 60.00
5.19 7.36 5.16 4.93 6.64 5.31
18.10
528.00
3,350.00 7,240.00 5,140.00
6,030.00
0.923 125.00
4,240.00
4,040.00 1,870.00 2,640.00 1,750.00 2,690.00
See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued
Agricultural Prices (May 2016) 31 USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Commodity Parity Prices – United States: April 2016 with Comparisons (continued) [Parity prices are computed under the provisions of Title III, Subtitle a, Section 301 (a) of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 as amended by the Agricultural Acts of 1948, 1949, and 1956. See January Agricultural Prices for details on adjusted base price and parity price computations]
Commodity and unit Adjusted
base price
Parity price
April 2015
March 2016
April 2016
(dollars) (dollars) (dollars) (dollars)
Non-citrus fruit - continued Papayas (Hawaii) ......................................................... pound Peaches Fresh 4 6 ........................................................................ ton Dried (California) 1 5 ...................................................... ton Processing, excludes dried Clingstone (California) 4 .......................................... ton Pears, Fresh 6 ................................................................... ton Plums (California) equivalent on-tree Fresh 7 .......................................................................... ton Prunes, dried (California) 1 2 5 ........................................... ton Prunes and plums Fresh, excludes California 7 .......................................... ton Processing, excludes dried 1 ......................................... ton Strawberries Fresh 10 .................................................................... pound Processing ............................................................... pound Sugar crops Sugar beets 2 8 .............................................................. ton Sugarcane 2 8 ................................................................ ton Tree nuts 9 Almonds ...................................................................... pound Hazelnuts ......................................................................... ton Pistachios .................................................................... pound Walnuts ............................................................................ ton Vegetables, fresh 10 Carrots 11 ......................................................................... cwt Cauliflower 11 ................................................................... cwt Celery 11 ........................................................................... cwt Honeydew melons ........................................................... cwt Lettuce ............................................................................. cwt Onions 11 .......................................................................... cwt Tomatoes ........................................................................ cwt
0.041
84.80 46.10
32.60
56.00
60.60
154.00
61.20 23.80
8.900 3.44
5.26 3.52
0.227 217.00 0.227
236.00
2.67 4.29 2.05 1.96 2.26 1.42 4.14
1.22
2,580.00 1,380.00
995.00
1,710.00
1,850.00 4,660.00
1,870.00
710.00
268.00 100.00
159.00 105.00
7.01 6,590.00
6.74 6,620.00
78.10 124.00 59.10 58.80 64.40 41.90
125.00
1.19
2,460.00 1,340.00
945.00
1,620.00
1,760.00 4,460.00
1,770.00
690.00
258.00 99.70
152.00 102.00
6.58 6,290.00
6.58 6,840.00
77.40 124.00
59.40 56.80 65.50 41.20
120.00
1.18
2,450.00 1,330.00
941.00
1,620.00
1,750.00 4,440.00
1,770.00
687.00
257.00 99.20
152.00 102.00
6.55 6,260.00
6.55 6,810.00
77.00 124.00 59.10 56.50 65.20 41.00
119.00
(NA) Not available. 1 Equivalent returns at processing plant door. 2 Adjusted base price is carried forward from the previous year since current marketing year average price is not yet available. 3 Equivalent returns at packinghouse door. 4 Equivalent returns for bulk fruit at first delivery point. 5 Dried basis. 6 Equivalent packinghouse-door returns for California, New York (apples only), Oregon (except peaches), and Washington. Price at point of first
sale for other states. 7 Based on "as sold" prices for fresh fruit in all states. 8 Relates to prices including average conditional payments per ton made under the sugar acts of 1937 and 1948. Crop deficiency and
abandonment payments not included. 9 Prices In-Shell basis except almonds which are shelled basis. 10 FOB shipping point price. 11 Includes some processing.
32 Agricultural Prices (May 2016) USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Reliability of Prices Received Estimates
Definition: Prices received represent sales from producers to first buyers. They include all grades and qualities. The
average commodity price from the survey multiplied by the total quantity marketed theoretically should give the total cash
receipts for the commodity.
Survey procedures: Primary sales data used to determine grain prices were obtained from probability samples of about
1,900 mills and elevators. These procedures ensure that virtually all grain moving into commercial channels has a chance
of being included in the survey. Generally, States surveyed account for 90 percent or more of total United States
production. Livestock prices are obtained from packers, stockyards, auctions, dealers, and market check data from
AMS-USDA, private marketing organizations, and state commodity groups and agencies. Inter-farm sales of grain and
livestock are not included since they represent very small percentages of the total sales. Grain marketed for seed is also
excluded. Fruit and vegetable prices are obtained from sample surveys and market check data from AMS-USDA, private
marketing organizations, state agencies, and universities.
Summary and estimation procedures: Survey quantities sold are expanded by strata to state levels and used to weight
average strata prices to a state average. State prices are then weighted to a United States price based on expanded sales.
Recommendations are prepared by the Regional Field Offices and reviewed by the Agricultural Statistics Board in
Washington, D.C. State recommendations are reviewed for reasonableness with survey data, other States, and recent
historic estimates.
Revisions: In general, revisions are made during annual commodity market year estimation time, following five-year
Census revisions, or when later information is received. Revisions are published in monthly issues of Agricultural Prices.
Reliability: United States price estimates based on probability surveys generally have a sampling error of less than one
percent for the major commodities such as corn, wheat, soybeans, cotton, and rice. Current methods of summarization for
non-probability commodities are not designed directly to calculate sampling errors. However, analytical measures
approximate the United States relative sampling errors at around five percent. Any non-sampling errors are attributed to
such things as the inability to obtain correct information, differences in interpreting questions or definitions, mistakes in
coding or processing the data, etc. Efforts are made at each step in the survey process to minimize these non-sampling
errors.
Program Changes: After the Council on Food, Agricultural and Resource Economics (C-FARE) 2009 program review which
included changes in farm production practices, plans were implemented to make necessary program improvements in the
agricultural price program. The index group structure for prices received was modified to maintain a more universal structure
and consistency with the required 1910-1914 series.
Modifications implemented January 2014 include the following: update the current 1990-1992 base reference period to 2011,
link the 1910-1914 series to the updated base reference period, 2011, create index groups used universally by researchers, data
users, and policymakers, re-classify agricultural commodities into the index groups, expand the commodity coverage for
vegetable, melon, non-citrus, and tree nuts, update monthly market weights, and adjust (normalization) current five year
moving average cash receipts and farm input cost weights.
Modifications implemented January 2015 discontinued preliminary prices and replaced the annual average index with an
annual index.
The February 2016 program update changed the rounding of the 2011 base period indexes to nearest tenth of a percent.
The 1910-1914 base period indexes remain rounded to the nearest whole number.
See Price Program Links at end of this report for program change details.
Agricultural Prices (May 2016) 33 USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
April Prices Paid by Farmers
The April index of Prices Paid for Commodities and Services, Interest, Taxes, and Farm Wage Rates (PPITW), at 106.6,
is down 0.5 percent from March 2016 and down 4.2 percent from April 2015.
Production: The April index, at 105.3, is down 0.7 percent from March and is 6.3 percent lower than last year. Lower
prices for feeder cattle, concentrates, wage rates, and feeder pigs more than offset higher prices for hay & forages, diesel,
gasoline, and nitrogen.
Feed: At 100.2, the April index decreased 0.5 percent from March and is down 6.1 percent from last April. Since
March, lower prices for concentrates, complete feeds, supplements, and feed grains offset higher prices for
hay & forages.
Livestock and poultry: The April index, at 115.3, decreased 4.5 percent from March and is down 28 percent from
last year. Since March, prices are lower for feeder cattle, feeder pigs, and milk cows. The April feeder cattle price, at
$155.00 per cwt, is down $8.00 per cwt from the March price. April feeder pigs averaged $188.00 per cwt, down
$7.00 per cwt from March.
Fertilizer: The index for April, at 76.0, is up 0.7 percent from March but is 16 percent below April a year ago. Since
March, prices are higher for nitrogen, potash & phosphate, and mixed fertilizer.
Chemicals: The April index, at 108.8, is unchanged from March but is up 2.2 percent from last April.
Fuels: At 53.5, the April index is up 3.5 percent from March but is 20 percent below April 2015. Compared with
March, prices are higher for diesel, gasoline, and LP gas.
Machinery: The index for April, at 114.2, decreased 0.2 percent from March and is 0.8 percent below last April.
Compared with last month, prices are lower for self-propelled machinery.
Consumer Price Index: The April 2016 Consumer Price Index, as issued by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, for all urban
consumers (CPI-U) increased 1.1 percent over the last 12 months to an index level of 239.261 (1982-1984=100). For the
month, the index increased 0.5 percent prior to seasonal adjustment.
34 Agricultural Prices (May 2016) USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Prices Paid Indexes and Related Parity Ratios – United States: April 2016 with Comparisons [Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov]
Index Group and
Ratios
1910-1914 Base 2011 Base
April 2015
March 2016
April 2016
April 2015
March 2016
April 2016
(percent) (percent) (percent) (percent) (percent) (percent)
Prices paid by farmers for commodities, services, interest, taxes, and wage rates (PPITW) ......................................... Production ........................................... Feed ............................................... Livestock and poultry ....................... Seeds .............................................. Fertilizer .......................................... Chemicals ....................................... Fuels ............................................... Supplies and repairs ....................... Autos and trucks ............................. Machinery ....................................... Building materials ............................ Services and rent ............................ Services .......................................... Rent ................................................ Interest 1 ............................................. Taxes 2 ................................................ Wage rates ......................................... Family living-CPI 3 ............................... Production, interest, taxes, ...................... and wage rates (PITW) .......................
3011 2340 1175 3146 3755 1088 956
1877 1251
3257 7031 2508 2470 (NA) (NA)
3643 7335 7858 2248
3165
2899 2206 1110 2382 3643 909 977
1445 1245
3277 6988 2487 2517 (NA) (NA)
3846 7623 8210 2262
3026
2885 2191 1104 2276 3643 915 977
1496 1243
3272 6978 2496 2519 (NA) (NA)
3846 7623 8159 2273
3007
111.3 112.4 106.7 159.3 114.3 90.3
106.5 67.1
106.0
106.0 115.1 107.8 (NA)
113.4 120.8
99.9
123.6 109.7 105.2
112.2
107.1 106.0 100.7 120.7 110.9 75.5
108.8 51.7
105.5
106.6 114.4 106.9 (NA)
116.2 122.0
105.5 128.4 114.7 105.9
107.3
106.6 105.3 100.2 115.3 110.9 76.0
108.8 53.5
105.4
106.4 114.2 107.3 (NA)
116.3 122.0
105.5 128.4 113.9 106.4
106.6
Ratio (received/paid) ............................... Parity ratio 4 ............................................ Parity ratio adjusted 5 .............................. PPITW adjusted for productivity 6 .......................................
(NA) 35 36
1453
(NA) 33 34
1431
(NA) 33 34
1427
93 (NA) (NA)
(NA)
87 (NA) (NA)
(NA)
87 (NA) (NA)
(NA)
Crop sector (PPITW) ............................... Livestock sector (PPITW) ........................
(NA) (NA)
(NA) (NA)
(NA) (NA)
108.3 114.5
106.5 107.8
106.6 106.7
Farm sector (production) ......................... Non-farm sector (production) ..................
(NA) (NA)
(NA) (NA)
(NA) (NA)
123.2 105.6
109.4 103.7
107.3 103.9
(NA) Not available. 1 Interest per acre on farm real estate debt and interest rate on farm non-real estate debt. 2 Farm real estate taxes payable per acre. 3 Bureau of Labor Statistics, Consumer Price Index for all urban consumers (CPI-U), converted by the USDA. 4 Ratio of index of prices received to PPITW (1910-1914=100). 5 Based on estimated cash receipts, from marketings and government payments, the preliminary adjustment factor is 1.026 for 2016 and the
revised factor is 1.026 for 2015. 6 PPITW is adjusted based on productivity trend for the prior 15 years.
Agricultural Prices (May 2016) 35 USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Prices Paid Indexes and Annual Weights for Input Components and Sub-components – United States: April 2016 with Comparisons [Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov. Relative weights are a five year moving average]
Index Group
Relative weights Indexes (2011=100)
2015 2016 April 2015
March 2016
April 2016
(percent) (percent) (percent) (percent) (percent)
Production items ................................................... Feed ................................................................. Feed grains ................................................... Complete feeds ............................................. Hay and forages ........................................... Concentrates ................................................ Supplements ................................................. Livestock and poultry ........................................ Feeder cattle ................................................. Feeder pigs ................................................... Milk cow replacements .................................. Poultry .......................................................... Seeds ............................................................... Field crops .................................................... Grasses and legumes ................................... Fertilizer ............................................................ Mixed fertilizer ............................................... Nitrogen ........................................................ Potash and phosphate .................................. Chemicals ......................................................... Herbicides ..................................................... Insecticides ................................................... Fungicides and other .................................... Fuels ................................................................ Diesel ........................................................... Gasoline ....................................................... LP gas .......................................................... Supplies and repairs ......................................... Supplies ........................................................ Repairs ......................................................... Autos and trucks ............................................... Autos ............................................................ Trucks ........................................................... Machinery ......................................................... Tractors ........................................................ Self-propelled ................................................ Other machinery ........................................... Building materials ............................................. Services ............................................................ Custom rates ................................................ Other services ............................................... Rent .................................................................. Cash ............................................................. Share ............................................................ Interest ................................................................. Taxes ................................................................... Wage rates ........................................................... Family living-CPI ...................................................
74.6
15.5 2.2 7.6 1.9 2.5 1.3 8.3 6.4 0.7 0.7 0.5
5.0 4.5 0.5 6.4 2.8 2.7 0.9 3.2 2.0 0.7 0.5
4.0 2.5 0.8 0.7 4.3 1.4 2.9 1.1 0.1 1.0
5.2 1.1 2.1 2.0 3.7
10.8 1.1 9.7 7.1 3.8 3.3
2.3 2.8 6.4
13.9
75.6
14.5 2.1 7.1 1.8 2.3 1.2
10.5 8.2 0.8 0.9 0.6
5.0 4.5 0.5 6.2 2.7 2.6 0.9 3.2 2.0 0.7 0.5
3.7 2.3 0.8 0.6 4.2 1.4 2.8 1.2 0.2 1.0
5.5 1.2 2.2 2.1 3.7
10.8 1.1 9.7 7.1 3.8 3.3
2.2 2.8 6.2
13.2
112.4
106.7 65.4
115.2 109.2 112.2 112.8 159.3 170.4 115.0 138.7 102.9
114.3 113.7 119.9 90.3 85.6 95.2 90.7
106.5 107.0 107.2 103.0
67.1 62.8 68.3 81.5
106.0 106.3 105.9 106.0 102.1 106.5
115.1 109.6 118.7 114.4 107.8 113.4 111.8 113.6 120.8 128.5 111.8
99.9
123.6 109.7 105.2
106.0
100.7 60.2
110.4 91.0
106.8 116.1 120.7 119.3 139.3 128.9 102.9
110.9 109.5 124.0 75.5 74.8 77.0 73.0
108.8 110.7 109.1 99.9
51.7 47.1 54.4 65.3
105.5 106.2 105.2 106.6 101.8 107.3
114.4 110.6 118.0 112.7 106.9 116.2 111.8 116.7 122.0 129.0 114.0
105.5 128.4 114.7 105.9
105.3
100.2 59.7
110.1 95.5
101.8 115.0 115.3 112.9 134.3 128.2 102.9
110.9 109.5 124.0 76.0 75.1 77.6 74.1
108.8 110.7 109.1 99.9
53.5 48.5 58.2 66.1
105.4 106.1 105.0 106.4 101.5 107.2
114.2 110.6 117.6 112.7 107.3 116.3 111.8 116.9 122.0 129.0 114.0
105.5 128.4 113.9 106.4
36 Agricultural Prices (May 2016) USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
70
80
90
100
110
120
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Percent
Paid Indexes by Month,All Items and Production Items –United States: 2011=100
All Items Production Items
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Percent
Paid Indexes, Annual Averages,Production Items, Interest, Taxes, and Wages –United States: 2011=100
Production Items Interest Taxes Wages
Agricultural Prices (May 2016) 37 USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
70
80
90
100
110
120
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Percent
Paid Indexes by Farm Type and Month, All Items –United States: 2011=100
All Farms Crop Farms Livestock Farms
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Percent
Paid Indexes by Origin and Month,All Production Items –United States: 2011=100
All Farm Non-farm
38 Agricultural Prices (May 2016) USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Percent
Paid Indexes by Non-farm Origin and Month,Chemicals, Fertilizer, and Fuels –United States: 2011=100
Chemicals Fertilizer Fuels
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Percent
Paid Indexes by Non-farm Origin and Month,Machinery and Supplies & Repairs –United States: 2011=100
Machinery Supplies & Repairs
Agricultural Prices (May 2016) 39 USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Percent
Paid Indexes by Farm Origin and Month,Feed and Livestock & Poultry –United States: 2011=100
Feed Livestock & Poultry
40 Agricultural Prices (May 2016) USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Feed Price Ratios – United States: April 2016 with Comparisons
Feed price ratio 1 April 2015 March 2016 April 2016
Broiler-feed: pounds of broiler grower feed equal in value to 1 pound of broiler, live weight 2 .......................................................... Market egg feed: pounds of laying feed equal in value to 1 dozen eggs 3 ...................................................................................... Hog-corn: bushels of corn equal in value to 100 pounds of hog, live weight ........................................................................... Milk-feed: pounds of 16% mixed dairy feed equal in value to 1 pound of whole milk 4 ..................................................................... Steer & heifer-corn: bushels of corn equal in value to 100 pounds of steer & heifers, live weight ...................................................................................................... Turkey-feed: pounds of turkey grower equal in value to 1 pound of turkey, live weight 5 .............................................................
6.0
9.6
13.1
1.95
43.7
7.1
5.1
8.7
14.0
2.08
38.4
9.0
5.2
4.6
14.2
1.97
37.2
9.2
1 Effective January 1995, prices of commercial prepared feeds are based on current United States prices received for corn, soybeans, alfalfa hay, and all wheat.
2 The price of commercial prepared broiler feed is based on current United States prices received for corn and soybeans. The modeled feed uses 58 percent corn and 42 percent soybeans.
3 The price of commercial prepared layer feed is based on current United States prices received for corn and soybeans. The modeled feed uses 75 percent corn and 25 percent soybeans.
4 The price of commercial prepared dairy feed is based on current United States prices received for corn, soybeans, and alfalfa. The modeled feed uses 51 percent corn, 8 percent soybeans, and 41 percent alfalfa.
5 The price of commercial prepared turkey feed is based on current United States prices received for corn, soybeans, and wheat. The modeled feed uses 51 percent corn, 28 percent soybeans, and 21 percent wheat.
Prices Received Used to Calculate Feed Price Ratios – United States: April 2016 with Comparisons [Price data source for livestock and poultry commodities is United States Department of Agriculture's Agriculture Marketing Service]
Item April 2015 March 2016 April 2016
(dollars) (dollars) (dollars)
Broilers, live ......................................................................... pound Eggs, market ........................................................................ dozen Hogs, all ................................................................................... cwt Milk, all ..................................................................................... cwt Steers and heifers .................................................................... cwt Turkeys, live ......................................................................... pound Corn .................................................................................... bushel Hay, alfalfa ................................................................................ ton Soybeans ............................................................................ bushel Wheat, all ............................................................................ bushel
0.640 0.870
49.00 16.50
164.00 0.702
3.75
183.00
9.69 5.56
0.490 0.729
50.00 15.30
137.00 0.789
3.57
144.00
8.56 4.40
0.520 0.390
51.00 15.00
133.00 0.832
3.58
153.00
9.04 4.50
Prices Paid for Feeder Livestock – United States: April 2016 with Comparisons [Price data source is United States Department of Agriculture's Agriculture Marketing Service]
Item April 2015 March 2016 April 2016
(dollars) (dollars) (dollars)
Feeder cattle & calves .............................................................. cwt Feeder pigs .............................................................................. cwt
233.00 161.00
163.00 195.00
155.00 188.00
Agricultural Prices (May 2016) 41 USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Feed Ratios Monthly and Annual Average – United States: 2011 - 2015 [Annual average is a simple average of monthly ratios, January through December]
Year Broiler 1
January February March April May June July August September October November December Average
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
3.2 3.6 4.2 5.4 5.2
3.4 3.5 4.0 5.0 4.8
3.6 3.7 4.6 5.4 5.1
3.1 3.8 4.6 6.0 5.2
3.2 3.9 4.9 6.2
3.1 3.8 4.8 5.9
2.6 3.4 4.9 4.7
2.5 3.3 4.8 4.4
2.8 3.7 5.9 4.2
2.9 3.9 6.1 4.1
3.2 4.2 5.8 4.3
3.4 4.1 5.2 4.7
3.1 3.7 5.0 5.0 5.0
Year Market Egg 2
January February March April May June July August September October November December Average
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
5.1 5.6 8.0
11.3 11.4
5.0 5.0
10.9 12.1 10.2
5.7 6.1 8.8
15.3 8.7
4.5 4.2 8.9 9.6 4.6
4.2 6.3 7.9
18.2
4.8 4.4 7.3
21.8
4.8 5.3 9.6
19.5
5.6 6.1 8.6
26.5
7.0 6.4 8.9
20.7
5.6 7.3
10.5 14.7
6.6 10.4 15.1 22.9
6.3 10.7 17.7 12.2
5.4 6.5
10.2 17.1 8.7
Year Turkey 3
January February March April May June July August September October November December Average
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
4.8 4.0 5.2 6.3 8.7
4.7 3.9 5.4 6.6 9.0
4.8 4.1 5.3 6.8 9.0
5.0 4.2 5.1 7.1 9.2
5.0 4.1 5.4 7.9
5.1 4.1 5.6 8.4
4.4 4.3 6.2 8.5
4.3 4.6 6.8 9.4
4.8 5.0 7.6
10.0
4.9 5.8 8.3
10.6
4.7 5.3 8.1
10.2
4.3 5.5 7.1 9.8
4.7 4.6 6.3 8.5 9.0
Year Milk 4
January February March April May June July August September October November December Average
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
1.71 1.58 2.46 2.11 2.14
1.55 1.52 2.58 2.05 2.15
1.48 1.48 2.54 2.01 2.08
1.41 1.54 2.42 1.95 1.97
1.34 1.54 2.23 1.97
1.37 1.52 2.19 2.07
1.33 1.53 2.36 2.02
1.37 1.69 2.63 2.11
1.59 1.88 2.96 2.25
1.74 2.12 2.92 2.29
1.74 2.27 2.75 2.42
1.65 2.30 2.40 2.29
1.52 1.75 2.54 2.13 2.09
Year Hog-Corn 5
January February March April May June July August September October November December Average
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
10.5 9.2
13.8 15.0 11.9
10.4 9.2
15.1 13.3 13.9
10.3 8.3
18.1 13.2 14.0
9.9 8.9
18.9 13.1 14.2
9.9 9.8
17.6 16.2
11.0 10.7 18.8 16.7
10.1 11.2 23.0 15.4
8.8 11.9 22.9 16.0
8.1 13.1 21.7 14.8
9.1 14.8 21.6 15.1
8.7 14.6 18.5 12.8
9.1 13.9 17.0 11.7
9.7 11.3 18.9 14.4 13.5
Year Steer & Heifer-Corn 6
January February March April May June July August September October November December Average
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
20.4 18.2 31.7 43.5 36.1
20.1 17.8 33.3 42.5 37.5
20.2 17.8 33.2 42.5 38.4
19.4 18.2 31.8 43.7 37.2
19.2 18.2 31.2 44.2
19.0 17.8 32.9 43.5
16.2 17.8 38.7 39.5
15.5 19.6 43.8 40.5
17.9 23.0 45.3 38.0
18.3 27.6 45.7 35.1
18.0 30.2 46.9 36.4
18.3 29.9 43.8 33.7
18.5 21.4 38.2 40.3 37.3
1 The price of commercial prepared broiler feed is based on current United States prices received for corn and soybeans. The modeled feed ration uses 58 percent corn and 42 percent soybeans.
2 The price of commercial prepared layer feed is based on current United States prices received for corn and soybeans. The modeled feed ration uses 75 percent corn and 25 percent soybeans.
3 The price of commercial prepared turkey feed is based on current United States prices received for corn, soybeans, and wheat. The modeled feed ration uses 51 percent corn, 28 percent soybeans, and 21 percent wheat.
4 The price of commercial prepared dairy feed is based on current United States prices received for corn, soybeans, and alfalfa. The modeled feed ration uses 51 percent corn, 8 percent soybeans, and 41 percent alfalfa.
5 Number of bushels of corn equal in value to 100 pounds of all hogs, live weight. 6 Number of bushels of corn equal in value to 100 pounds of steers & heifers, live weight.
42 Agricultural Prices (May 2016) USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Reliability of Prices Paid Estimates
Definition: Prices paid by farmers represent the average costs of inputs purchased by farmers and ranchers to produce
agricultural commodities. Conceptually, the average price when multiplied by quantity purchased should equal total
producer expenditures for the item.
Survey procedures: The prices paid data are obtained from establishments that sell goods and services to farmers and
ranchers. Annually, about 8,500 firms are randomly selected from lists by type of item sold with an average response rate
in the range of 75-80 percent. Firms are asked to report the price for the specified item "most commonly bought by
farmers" or that was the "volume seller". Approximately 135 items are surveyed each March to represent all production
input items purchased. The survey reference period for most items is the five business days centered at the 15th of the
month. Separate prices paid surveys are conducted for agricultural chemicals, fuels, feed, fertilizer, machinery, and seed.
Summary and estimation procedures: The annual March Prices Paid Survey is summarized as a non-probability survey.
Average prices reported are aggregated to the region and United States level using weights available from expenditure
data and other administrative sources. Price recommendations are prepared by the Regional Field Offices and
Headquarters for review by the Agricultural Statistics Board in Washington, D.C. Also, the change in price level for
individual items surveyed are combined to the regional and United States levels, and are published as prices paid indexes
referenced to a specific base period. Prices paid indexes for new autos and trucks, building materials, farm supplies, motor
supplies, and marketing containers are updated based on price changes measured in selected Bureau of Labor Statistics
(BLS) indexes.
Revisions: Any revisions are published in the monthly and in annual issues of Agricultural Prices. The basis for revision
must be supported by additional data that directly affect the level of the estimate. More revisions are likely for March
when separate prices paid surveys are conducted, in lieu of BLS indexes, by the USDA to measure price change.
Reliability: Current methods of summarization for the March data are not designed directly to calculate sampling errors.
However, analytical measures approximate the United States relative sampling errors for major items around 10 percent.
Any non-sampling errors are attributed to such things as the inability to obtain correct information, differences in
interpreting questions or definitions, mistakes in coding or processing the data, etc. Efforts are made at each step in the
survey process to minimize these non-sampling errors.
Program change: Effective January 2014, the National Agricultural Statistics Service modified the five-year moving
weights and updated the base reference period. In January 2015, publication of preliminary prices was suspended, and the
annual average index was replaced by an annual index.
As of January 2014, the 1990-1992 base reference period was updated to 2011. Five-year moving average weights are
adjusted (normalized) to minimize the effects of price changes. The 1910-1914=100 price indexes, required by statute for
computing parity prices, were linked forward based on the changes in the new 2011=100 indexes. The new indexes were
constructed by multiplying the ratios of the current prices to the base period prices by the moving average weights.
Modifications implemented January 2015 discontinued preliminary prices and replaced the annual average index with an
annual index.
The April 2015 program update discontinued publication of the annual March survey prices paid data.
The February 2016 program update changed the rounding of the 2011 base period indexes to nearest tenth of a percent.
The 1910-1914 base period indexes remain rounded to the nearest whole number.
See Price Program Links at end of this report for program change details.
Agricultural Prices (May 2016) 43 USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Information Contacts General Troy Joshua, Chief, Environmental, Economics and Demographics Branch .................................................. (202) 720-6146 Crop Prices Received Lance Honig, Chief, Crops Branch ................................................................................................................. (202) 720-2127 Anthony Prillaman, Head, Field Crops Section ............................................................................................... (202) 720-2127 Angie Considine – Cotton, Cotton Ginnings, Sorghum ................................................................................. (202) 720-5944 Tony Dahlman – Oats, Soybeans ................................................................................................................... (202) 720-7621 Chris Hawthorn – Corn, Flaxseed, Proso Millet ............................................................................................ (202) 720-9526 James Johanson – County Estimates, Hay ..................................................................................................... (202) 690-8533 Scott Matthews – Barley, Crop Weather ....................................................................................................... (202) 720-7621 Jean Porter – Rye, Wheat ............................................................................................................................... (202) 720-8068 Bianca Pruneda – Peanuts, Rice ..................................................................................................................... (202) 720-7688 Travis Thorson –Sunflower, Canola, Safflower, Rapeseed, Mustard Seed ................................................... (202) 720-7369 Jorge Garcia-Pratts, Head, Fruits, Vegetables and Special Crops Section....................................................... (202) 720-2127 Vincent Davis – Fresh and Processing Vegetables, Onions, Strawberries .................................................... (202) 720-2157 Fleming Gibson – Citrus, Coffee, Sugar Crops, Tropical Fruits ................................................................... (202) 720-5412 Greg Lemmons – Berries, Cranberries, Potatoes, Sweet Potatoes ................................................................ (202) 720-4285 Dave Losh – Hops ......................................................................................................................................... (360) 709-2400 Dan Norris – Austrian Winter Peas, Dry Edible Peas, Lentils, Mint, Mushrooms, Peaches, Pears, Wrinkled Seed Peas, Dry Beans ................................................................................................................. (202) 720-3250 Daphne Schauber – Floriculture, Grapes, Maple Syrup, Nursery, Tree Nuts ............................................... (202) 720-4215 Chris Singh – Apples, Apricots, Cherries, Plums, Prunes, Tobacco ............................................................. (202) 720-4288 Livestock Prices Received Dan Kerestes, Chief, Livestock Branch ........................................................................................................... (202) 720-3570 Scott Hollis, Head, Livestock Section ............................................................................................................. (202) 720-3570 Doug Bounds – Hogs and Pigs ...................................................................................................................... (202) 720-3106 Dave Colwell – Sheep and Goats ................................................................................................................... (202) 720-8784 Michael Klamm – Cattle and Cattle on Feed ................................................................................................. (202) 720-3040 Mike Miller – Milk, Milk Cows ..................................................................................................................... (202) 720-3278 Bruce Boess, Head, Poultry and Specialty Commodities Section ................................................................... (202) 720-3570 Heidi Gleich – Broilers .................................................................................................................................. (202) 720-0585 Kim Linonis – Eggs ....................................................................................................................................... (202) 690-8632 Sammy Neal – Turkeys .................................................................................................................................. (202) 720-3244 Josh O’Rear – Honey ..................................................................................................................................... (202) 690-3676 Indexes, Prices Paid, and Parity Prices Troy Joshua, Chief, Environmental, Economics and Demographics Branch .................................................. (202) 720-6146 Tony Dorn, Head, Economics Section ............................................................................................................. (202) 690-3223 Daryl Brinkman – Prices Received Indexes, Parity Prices ............................................................................ (202) 720-8844 Courtney Charles – Prices Paid, Prices Paid Indexes .................................................................................... (202) 690-3229 Greg Gholson – Prices Received Indexes, Parity Prices, Prices Paid Indexes, Prices Paid for Feed, Fertilizer, Chemicals, Seeds, Fuels, Farm Supplies and Repairs, Farm Machinery, Feeder Livestock, Poultry Chicks, Feed Price Ratios ................................................................................................................ (202) 690-1348 Joe Hagedorn – Cash Rents, Grazing Fees .................................................................................................... (202) 690-3231
Access to NASS Reports
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The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination against its customers, employees, and
applicants for employment on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, sex, gender identity,
religion, reprisal, and where applicable, political beliefs, marital status, familial or parental status, sexual
orientation, or all or part of an individual's income is derived from any public assistance program, or protected
genetic information in employment or in any program or activity conducted or funded by the Department. (Not
all prohibited bases will apply to all programs and/or employment activities.)
If you wish to file a Civil Rights program complaint of discrimination, complete the USDA Program
Discrimination Complaint Form (PDF), found online at http://www.ascr.usda.gov/complaint_filing_cust.html,
or at any USDA office, or call (866) 632-9992 to request the form. You may also write a letter containing all of
the information requested in the form. Send your completed complaint form or letter to us by mail at U.S.
Department of Agriculture, Director, Office of Adjudication, 1400 Independence Avenue, S.W., Washington,
D.C. 20250-9410, by fax (202) 690-7442 or email at [email protected].
Price Program Links Economics and Prices
http://www.nass.usda.gov/Statistics_by_Subject/Economics_and_Prices/index.php
January 2014 Price Program Update
http://www.nass.usda.gov/Surveys/Guide_to_NASS_Surveys/Prices/updates.pdf
January 2015 Price Program Update
http://www.nass.usda.gov/Surveys/Guide_to_NASS_Surveys/Prices/update2015.pdf
April 2015 Price Program Update
http://www.nass.usda.gov/Surveys/Guide_to_NASS_Surveys/Prices/updateApr2015.pdf
February 2016 Price Program Update
http://www.nass.usda.gov/Surveys/Guide_to_NASS_Surveys/Prices/updateFeb2016.pdf