Food above all

AgriManipur Vol. 1, Issue 3 June 2012

SAFI Initiative

Lelen and his journeyLelen and his journey

with with NakuppiNakuppi

IINSIDENSIDE

PiggeryPiggery

VermicompostingVermicomposting

REVOLUTION REVOLUTION

This issue is supported by Dept. of Agriculture, Govt. of Manipur.

There had been a time when Manipur was not well familiar with the word "imports", what-ever was imported then were few ,and yet without them every-thing could be managed. Then our needs were not diverse but with human mind being con-stantly at work, innovation and confidence were there. We were very much a secluded econ-omy ,but we managed everything sufficiently in our own fashion and thus were able to create a self-sufficient one. This state which once prevailed has been transformed, after decades, al-most to an unthinkable degree that for the present generation it is difficult to visualise such a picture from the past. But then Punjab rice, potatoes from Bihar hadn't started feeding our bellies. What is troubling is our complete and inevitable reli-ance on imports of our own sta-ple food, a result of our own failure. It is the manifestation of the fact that in the last several decades we have become a peo-ple living only for the moment. Let's not translate this in the philosophical sense; let's examine this as the biggest failure which is by now so deeply ingrained in our mind that we consider our-selves a kind of people who are incapable of even producing enough rice, which our forefa-thers managed comfortably, to feed our own bellies. This harsh reality would only confront us only when the prices are inhumanly high and the sup-ply lines are cut off. Below the glaring sun in the dust-blown Imphal city the pictures were pitiable and so defeating that any

sensible person would instantly conclude that we all would begin a massive exodus, techni-cally this has been going on in a noticeable scale, for the place has become synonymous to a green desert. I grew up in a village where the economy was very agrarian. The place is sandwiched be-tween two sprawling paddy fields and the entire place is edged by the Imphal River and Leisha Heeden. In the eighties when other states in mainland India had prospered owing to their agricultural exports and many attempting to succeed the success. Our village, despite being few kilometres from the heart of Imphal town ,didn't know how irrigation could be done and no responsible being was seen around to show this simple possibility that water from the Imphal River could be used to feed the fields when required and whatever was excessive could be diverted to Leisha Heeden. And what was more disturbing was the fact that those better-off people in the village would not even think of anything like that, instead they became a class of people who had started court-ing an indignant attitude to-wards farming. There were years when the monsoon came late and farm-ers in the village would simply sit idle to eat worm-infested vegetable with powdered rice richly mixed with stones ,and sometimes someone would come to suggest that alligator weed was in fact edible. This disturbing case would repeat

several times and it soon be-came a part of our sinking lifestyle. Meanwhile the agri-culture department was some-where soaked in its bog called corruption and without shame digging deeper to pilfer the last shikee. Had they inter-vened to an extent then ,at least ,the farmers would be equipped with some practical knowledge. Nothing hap-pened and none displayed the desire. But what the mischievous children didn't know was the basic fact that they in fact had been sawing the very branch of the tree on which we all sat. The state of uncertainty and the lack of initiative from the government discouraged more farmers and they took up more uncertain jobs elsewhere where they would soon be-come a disgraced people and their menial employment created out of desperation would only depreciate the values of being human. Ap-parently people began to have indignant attitude towards farming. As no initiative and nothing significant has been done to address this crucial matter, productivity has nose-dived.

Then when the two highways are blocked by some malicious morons everybody crawls and begs the failed government and the morons not to de-prive of basic necessities. Had our grandparents been alive ,they would have been deeply shocked and ashamed of their own descendants.

Unwelcome Transformation

Page 2

AgriManipur

“ What is troubling is our complete and inevitable

reliance on imports of our own staple food, a result

of our own failure. ”

Viewpoint from

Our consulting

N. Bobo Meitei

AgriManipur publishes thrice a year (February, June and October) by SAFI (Society for

Agriculture, Food and Innovation) Imphal based NGO. We are happy to receive readers

comments/ view/ criticism. ©SAFI

Society for Agriculture, Food and Innovation

Wankhei Ningthem Pukhri Mapal

Imphal—795001

Manipur (India)

safinmanipur@gmail.com

daya.sym@gmail.com

011-91-9436020905

011-91–9862831561

Chief Editor

Dayanidhi Huidrom

Consulting Editor

N. Bobo Meitei

Contributors

A. Hemchandra

T. Sanajaoba

S. Surendro

Publisher

A. Hemchandra

AgriManipur

Volume 1, Issue 3

For a few kilograms of rice there were lines of women, I don't know what the men were doing, probably staying at home hugging their vanity and the place resem-bled some UN-run refugee camp in Ra-wanda. Though most have got over with the re-cent horrid incidents and living their life for the moment, it is hard to go to bed every night asking myself to let go of what hangs over the head. Nothing is complete without ironies, few days ago some I chanced upon some im-ages from "chinjak festival" uploaded on Facebook. It was in some field in Imphal

and the makeshift booths of bamboos and corrugated sheets were draped in banners. After a day it was reported that there were people from other countries. It was good that people got the chance to interact with outsiders, perhaps they exchanged ideas. Never know. Then the cynic in me asked: from where the participants from the mis-named place sourced their ingredients? They must have cooked rice from Punjab, prepared Iromba with Ngaree made from imported fish and potatoes from Bihar. What was so indigenous about it then? If the Japanese get their fish from Thailand and Europeans theirs tinned-shrimps from Asia, it is understandable. Their economy

is propped by services, technological know-how and limited production they do, and besides it is the cost of produc-tion and the understanding that what quality products they need can be deliv-ered. But an underdeveloped economy depending on imports ,even for its basic necessities, only displays its inefficiency and defeated selves. Hope those responsible are reading this, and even if they don't now, hopefully they will in the future.

Page 3

Call for articles

> Are you anxious of transforming the agri and food policies? > Do you have the words that can touch the hearts of denizens? > Do you have path-breaking ideas that can change the world? If yes, why to wait any longer .

Letters to Editor

Page 4

AgriManipur

Editor AgriManipur,

Thanx for the 2nd Issue Journal of AgriManipur endorsed to me. I warmly appreciate the pains and troubles that your Team might have shouldered in bringing out such a beautiful Journal that showcases Agriculture & allied activities of Manipur . However, I was astonished to read the inserted News Clip " Agri Department responsible for dependency on others". I believe you have misunder-stood the words Grain & Seed. Grain is dealt by the Deptt. of Food & Civil Supplies and Seed is dealt by the Dept. of Agriculture / Horticulture. I wish in future you would surely censor such misuse of appropriate Terminology even if reported by any Media.

With regards.

M.S.Khaidem Project Coordinator, Manipur SFAC Directorate of Agriculture Sanjenthong, Imphal-795001 Phone: +91-385-2450515 Website: http://manipursfac.com

Team AgriManipur’s response

Dear Khaidem,

We are deeply regretted for the mistake committed in the mentioned news section. We will try to be careful as far as possible in future. Also thanking you for your warm words.

Team AgriManipur

Dear AgriManipur friends,

All I wanted in life was to see every human have very basic needs... food,shelter and clothing....I might not be able to see it but wish you all continue to work harder and provide enough food to our State of Manipur, for our Country and around the globe...There are thou-sands of kids go to bed every single night,they go to school without a proper meal..., Please make sure that none of the kids go to bed with empty stomach..May you all be bless with the skill you have and pass it on to our younger generation...No one should go to bed hungry....

Mema Devi, Toronto, Canada

On AgriManipur Facebook page

Thank you so much Dayanidhi Huidrom. I checked your blog and found the workshop on business ideas planned in Nov this year. I will spread the word to few of my entrepreneur friends back home. I have a friend who pass out of from CFTRI, Mysore and is an ex-pert in Food Processing. He should be able to work with your team in Imphal. As mentioned in your 2nd issue, Green Revolution and a self-sustainable Manipur in terms of food demand is the way for our state to progress. We were once and I am confident if the right set of brains work together, we can achieve that. Reminded me of a line from Tapta's Song 'Problem ni Problem' - "Shanti leiraba lam-damduda, Industry-kadu linglabadi, thabak-ki problem-bu kadaidano; Mishing pangyam yam pon-te, Lamshu pangpik pik-ponte, Miramda Mipan Tanglubagi Problem Mayamshi Thoklapani, Lei-ngak pathak shoirakpadei, wathok kayashe thoklakpani"

Sapam Shyamananda

on NAMA facebook page

Page 5

Volume 1, Issue 3

FOOD MAKER T. Sanajaoba Consultant food technologist

Amla (Heikru) Pickle in Oil

Amla (Heikru)

Weighing, Sorting (mature and

free from blemishes), Cleaning

Washing

Blanch them for till soft

5 minutes

Separate the stone (seed)

with the fruit

Recipe

Amla 1 Kg. Mustard powder 50 gm Red chilli powder 10 gm Fenugreek 20 gm Salt 100-120 gm. Nigella ( kalijera) 30 gm. Turmeric powder. 20 gm. Black pepper. 30 gm. Fennol (saunf) 25 gm Mustard Oil 250 gm

For more information, please feel free to contact the author.

Mobile: 91-9436020905 E-mail: sana.foodtech@gmail.com

Mixing

Powdered spices in-

gredients and salt Heated oil

(heat till smoke )

Filling in glass bottles

http://www.vbfarms.org

Ripening and sealing

5. Improved soil physical, chemical and biological properties: Limited studies on vermicompost indicate that it increases macropore space ranging from 50 to 500 μm, resulting in improved air-water relationship in the soil which favorably affect plant growth.

Types of earthworms

Earthworms are invertebrates. There are nearly 3600 types of earthworms in the world and they are mainly divided into two types: (1) burrowing; and (2) non-burrowing. The burrowing types Pertima elongata and Pertima asiatica live deep in the soil. On the other hand, the non-burrowing types Eisenia fetida and Eudrilus eugenae live in the upper layer of soil surface. The burrowing types are pale, 20 to 30 cm long and live for 15 years. The non-burrowing types are red or purple and 10 to 15 cm long but their life span is only 28 months.

Methods of Vermicomposting

1. Pits below the ground: Pits made for vermicom-posting are 1 m deep and 1.5 m wide. The length var-ies as required.

2. Heaping above the ground: The waste material is spread on a polythene sheet placed on the ground and then covered with cattle dung.

3. Tanks above the ground: Tanks made up of differ-ent materials such as normal bricks, hollow bricks, shabaz stones, asbestos sheets and locally available rocks were evaluated for vermicompost preparation. Materials Required for Vermicomposting

A range of agricultural residues, all dry wastes, for example, sorghum straw and rice straw (after feeding cattle), dry leaves of crops and trees, pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) stalks, groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) husk, soybean residues, vegetable wastes, weed (Parthenium) plants before flowering, fiber from coco-nut (Cocos nucifera) trees and sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) trash can be converted into vermicompost.

What is Vermicomposting?

Vermicomposting is a simple biotechnological proc-ess of composting, in which certain species of earth-worms are used to enhance the process of waste conversion and produce a better end product. Ver-micomposting differs from composting in several ways The process is faster than composting; because the material passes through the earthworm gut, a significant but not yet fully understood transforma-tion takes place, whereby the resulting earthworm castings (worm manure) are rich in microbial activ-ity and plant growth regulators, and fortified with pest repellence attributes as well.

Importance of vermicompost

1. Source of plant nutrients: The moisture content of castings ranges between 32 and 66% and the pH is around 7.0. The worm castings contain higher percentage (nearly two fold) of both macro and micronutrients than the garden compost. Soil avail-able nitrogen (N) increased significantly with in-creasing levels of vermicompost and highest N up-take was obtained at 50% of the recommended fer-tilizer rate plus 10 t ha-1 vermicompost.

2. Improved crop growth and yield: Vermicompost plays a major role in improving growth and yield of different field crops, vegetables,flower and fruit crops. The application of vermicompost gave higher germination (93%) of mung bean (Vigna radiata) compared to the control (84%). Further, the growth and yield of mung bean was also significantly higher with vermicompost application.

3. Reduction in soil C:N ratio: Vermicomposting converts household waste into compost within 30 days, reduces the C:N ratio and retains more N than the traditional methods of preparing com-posts.

4. Role in nitrogen cycle: Earthworms play an im-portant role in the recycling of N in different agroecosystems, especially under jhum (shifting cul-tivation) where the use of agrochemicals is minimal.

AgriManipur

Page 6

Vermicomposting: Recycling Wastes into Valuable Organic Fertilizer Sougaijam Surendro Singh after his bachelor degree in agriculture had Masters in food technology from prestigious CFTRI. He is presently working in VKL Flavor and Spices as a research and devel-opment executive. Email: surenfood2009@gmail.com/Facebook: suren singh; Twitter: ma-

S. Surendro

In addition, animal manures, dairy and poultry wastes, food industry wastes,municipal solid wastes, biogas sludge and bagasse from sugarcane facto-ries also serve as good rawmaterials for vermicomposting.

Steps for vermicomposting

Cover the bottom of the cement ring with a layer of tiles or coconut husk or polythene sheet (Fig. 1a).

•Spread 15–20 cm layer of organic waste material on the polythene sheet (Fig. 1b). Sprinkle rock phosphate powder if available (it helps in improving nu-tritional quality of compost) on the waste material and then sprinkle cow dung slurry (Fig. 1c and d). Fill the ring completely in layers as described. Paste the top of the ring with soil or cow dung (Fig. 1e). Allow the material to decompose for 15 to 20 days.

•When the heat evolved during the de com-position of the materials has subsided (15–20 days after heaping), release selected earth-worms (500 to 700) through the cracks de-veloped (Fig. 1f).

•Cover the ring with wire mesh or gunny bag to prevent birds from picking the earthworms. Sprinkle water every three days to maintain adequate moisture and body temperature of the earthworms (Fig. 1g).

•The vermicompost is ready in about 2 months if agricultural waste is used and about 4 weeks if sericulture waste is used as substrate (Fig. 1h).

•The processed vermicompost is black, light in weight and free from bad odor.

•When the compost is ready, do not water for 2–3 days to make compost easy for sifting. Pile the compost in small heaps and leave under ambient conditions for a couple of hours when all the worms move down the heap in the bed (Fig. 1i). Separate upper portion of the manure and sieve the lower portion to separate the earthworms from the

manure (Fig. 1j). The culture in the bed contains different stages of the earth-worm’s life cycle, namely, cocoons, juve-niles and adults. Transfer this culture to fresh half decomposed feed material. The excess as well as big earthworms can be used for feeding fish or poultry. Pack the compost in bags and store the bags in a cool place (Fig. 2).

• Prepare another pile about 20 days be-fore removing the compost and repeat the process by following the same proce-dure as described above.

Benefits to farmers:

•Less reliance on purchased inputs of nutrients leading to lower cost of pro-duction

•Increased soil productivity through im-proved soil quality

•Better quantity and quality of crops •For landless people provides additional source of income generation

Page 7

Volume 1, Issue 3

Fig 1a-j Steps of vermicomposting Packing of vermicompost

Common name:

Pineapple

Botanical name:

Ananas comosus

Local name (Manipuri):

Kee-hom

Family:

Use:

One of the most popular

fruits in the world. Rip-

ened ones are sweet and

used as such or ex-

tracted to consume as

juice or processed in

different forms.

Medicinal benefit:

Known to possess

anti-inflammatory,

antihelminthic and

proteolytic proper-

ties.

Source: Monzon, R. B.; Adebiyi, Adebowale (1995). South-east Asian J. Tro. Med and public health 26(3): 421–428.

Hale LP, Chichlowski M, Trinh CT, Greer PK (2010). Inflamm Bowel Dis 16 (12): 2012–21.

Know your Food

Passion fruit (Sitaphon)

Use:

Normally consumed as

juice after extraction.

It has a distinct fla-

vour and now added

in flavoured tea and

even ice cream,

smoothies, etc.

Medicinal uses:

There are reports sho-

ing beneficial effect in

cancer prevention,

asthma symptoms,

osteoarthritis, etc.

Common name:

Passion Fruit

Botanical name:

Passiflora edulis

Local name:

Family:

Passifloraceae

Types:

There are broadly two

types based on the skin

colour; green and yel-

low.

Habitat:

The purple passion

fruit is subtropical and

prefers a frost-free

climate.

AgriManipur

Pineapple (Kee-hom) Proximate composition of Raw Pineapple

per 100 g

Water 86 gm

Energy 202 kJ (48 kcal)

Carbohydrates 12.63 g

- Sugars 9.26 g

- Dietary fiber 1.4 g

Fat 0.12 g

Protein 0.54 g

Proximate composition of Raw Passion

(purple) fruit per 100 g

Water 72.93 g

Energy 97 kcal

Carbohydrates 23.38 g

- Sugars 11.20 g

- Dietary fiber 10.4 g

Fat 0.70 g

Protein 2.20 g

Source: USDA Nutrient Database N.B.: The given values are only representa-tive. It may varies from variety to variety, climatic variation, etc.

Source: USDA Nutrient Database N.B.: The given values are only representa-tive. It may varies from variety to variety, climatic variation, etc.

Page 8

IINTRODUCTION

Though the practices of swine (pig) hus-bandry is an omnipresent activity in the state for centuries, its production system and contribution to the state economy is very meager. Hog industry has remained undeveloped mainly due to rearing of traditional type, whose growth rate is rela-tively poor and mainly reared by socio-economically weaker illiterate people. Their unscientific breeding practices, un-hygienic management of pigs, have also been a contributing factor, which kept this industry in primitive stage. But the de-mand for pork is very high and still a wide gap exists between the need/demand and availability of pork. The production is hardly adequate for the population in the state. The pork deficit is further aggra-vated by the traditional ways of pig rearing like feeding of locally available feed stuff, inadequate housing, lack of disease man-agement, unavailability of improved vari-ety, exotic breeds, forage land with no food to eat, so usually they thrive as scav-engers. Such a condition of rearing has deprived this animal a fair chance to grow resulting in production of poor quality and quantity of pork. Thus, local pig rear-

ing has not been a profitable one. To exploit this traditional hog for large amount of pork, during the last two decade a great emphasis has been laid on the improvement of the productiv-ity of pigs by implementing crossbreed-ing programme with exotic breeds of swine, to develop animals of large sized litter, efficient feed conversion (3:1), higher dressing percentage and better quality pork. These modern technologies are also performed in the Department of Animal Sciences, Col-lege of Agriculture, and Central Agri-cultural University, Imphal with the Hampshirec breed as a parent stock which would make pigs more eco-nomical to rear.

ECONOMIC TRAIT OF PIG

1. Superior feed conversion powe: The capacity of pig to transform large amounts of vegetable concentrated feeds into valuable animal feed as pork, bacon etc., has brought them to their present pre-eminence in animal science. This capacity to digest and assimilate food is measured by divid-ing the line weight increase of the pig into the weight of food eaten by the

pig. The numerical result of this simple divi-sion is known as the Feed Conversion Ratio or Factor and is defined as the weight of feed required to put on one unit of liveweight, e.g., Live weight increase of pig =90 kg; Feed consumed by pig = 270 kg and Feed conver-sion ratio (FCR) = 270/90 = 3 kg feed per kg live weight gain.

2. Pig store fat rapidly: No other animal produces per unit live weight, so much fat in so short a time or at the expense of so little feed.

3. Pigs are prolific and bring quick return: Pigs grow rapidly, mature quickly and are prolific as judged either by the number of piglets (6-12) they can produce at one birth. A unit of 10 sows (female pig) and 1 boar(male pig) will produce about 160 piglets during the first year. Gilts may be breed be-tween the ages of about 8 – 9 months farrow when approximately 13 months old, and their pigs, if kept healthy and fed well, will weigh more than 80 kg each by the time they are about 6 months old. Thus, the economic returns come quickly.

4. Enterprise requires moderate invest-ment: The initial investment in getting into the business in small since pig require a small investment for building and equip-ments and are well-adapted to the practice of self feeding labour is kept to a minimum.

5. Pig excels in dressing percentage, yield-ing 65 – 80 percent of their live weight when dressed in packer style with head, leaf fat, kidneys and offel facings removed. On the other hand, cattle dress only (beef) 50 – 60 percent and lambs (chevon) and sheep (mutton) 45 – 55 percent. Moreover, because of the small production of bone the percent-age of edible meat (pork) and offels in the carcass of the pig is greater.

Piggery as a source of income Dr. Th. Sushilkumar

Page 9

Volume 1, Issue 3

Dr. Sushilkumar is working as a Programme Assistant (Vety. & A. H.) at KVK (Andro, Im-phal East).

6. Pork is most nutritious and cheapest. Because of the higher content of fat and the slightly lower content of water, the energy value of pork is usually higher than that of leaf chevon (goat meat). HOUSE FOR PIG (PIGSTY) Pigs are very much susceptible to ex-tremes of climate because they have poor thermo-regulating mechanism. Basic fac-tors to be considered while designing pig housing system are temperature, ventila-tion, space requirement, relative humid-ity and light etc. The structure should be at least 15 m away from leveling, 30 m away from dairies cow and poultry houses, food grain storage structure etc. The structure should be raised on a fairly well drained site not liable to flooding. Adequate supply of water must be as-sured at the selected site. Structure should be located and oriented so as to avoid heavy drought and at the same time, should have plenty of fresh air cir-culation. DISPOSAL OF MANURE Frequency of removal of manure is twice daily. Methods are (a) Solid manure: By means of wheel barrow and shovel, dis-posed into a pit for decomposition. Such manure will return 75 % of its fertilizing value to soil. Manure pits should be about 200 meters away where no foul smell would pass through buildings. The production of manure from each adult is about 2 kg per day. The volumetric capac-ity of fresh manure is 700 to 900 kg/cm. (b) In a liquid form by means of La-goon: Lagoon is a body of water like a small pond where in liquid manure is discharged and digested by bacterial ac-tion. In this method fertility value of manure is wasted but helps in saving of equipment and labour which may com-pensate the loss.

BREEDS AND BREEDING Pig production is an omnipresent activity in their state/region and the production system is totally depend on breeds like exotic breed and improved varieties.

Germplasm Among the available pig germplasm in the region, the indigenous pigs occupy a ma-jor chunk of the population. The people of the region have a preference over the colour of the pig. Eg. Mizoram, Meghalaya and Manipur, the black coloured pigs are more preferred than the white ones. Improved Pig When a poor performing pig is crossed with a known superior, germplasm, the resultant offspring is an improved pig with enhanced productivity. For example, the local/indigenous pigs attain a body weight gain of 122 gm per day where as exotic pigs like Hampshire attains 248 gm per day. The weight gain of upgraded/crossbred pig (Local X Hampshire) in 237 gm per day. These offsprings having com-paratively higher performance than the local parent are called as improved pigs. It is well proved that the indigenous pigs attain low body weight gain compared to

improved and exotic pigs. Under the stan-dard managemental conditions, the body weight at weaning was 5.59, 9.50 and 9.60 kg, for indigenous, improved and exotic pigs, respectively. The crossbred (Hampshire X indigenous) and exotic (Hampshire) pigs have an advantage of 170 and 172% over the indigenous pigs in re-sponse to the weight at weaning. Similar advantage is observed under field condi-tions also (crossbred – 135%; Hampshire – 156%). So, indigenous/desi pigs are very important for improved pig (Local X ex-otic) than the crossbred. Breeding of Pigs The following points should be recorded for breeding: Breeding age of gilts is 10 to 12 months Breeding weight of gilts is 90 – 100 g. Breeding age of boars is 18 to 24 months Age of puberty is upto 7 months Number of sows per boar is 10 Occurrence of heat after weaning is 2 to 10 days. Heat cycle is 19 – 23 days Heat period is for 2 – 3 days Mating time: Gilts – First day of heat and Sow – Second day of heat Gestation period is 112 – 114 days Suckling period (weaning) is 50 – 56 days

Page 10

AgriManipur

Class of Pig Live weight in kg Feed to be fed in kg

Growers 25 1

26 – 45 2

46 – 100 3

About 100 4

Pregnant Sow 150 3.5

Lactating sow 150 5

Boars 150 3.5

Sows 150 – 255 4.5

Amount of ration for Pigs Feed/Pigs per day

Page 11

Volume 1, Issue 3

Detection of heat in sow Following are the symptoms of heat in sows: 1. Vulvar swelling and redness 2. Vaginal Discharge 3. Frequent urination. 4. Reduced appetite 5. Mounting behavior 6. Restlessness and excitement 7. Mucus discharge from vulva 8. Peculiar grunting so 9. Erection of ears when pressure applied on back 10. Immobility when norml pressure is ap-plied on the back region “Standing heat” NON-CONVENTIONAL PIG FEED MA-TERIALS With the passage of time and almost zero availability of nutrients under free range con-ditions, the farmers have started semi-intensive husbandry practices of offering

10.81% protein, 16.96% fibre, 2.11% fat and 2.07% minerals. The seeds contain relatively high level of protein with excellent quality. Thus, it has po-tential value as a dietary source of pro-tein. The protein consists of well bal-anced essential amino acids than most of the cereals with a high level of albu-min and glutellin.

3. Jack bean (Canavalia cusiformis L.) (Tebi in Manipuri)

Jack bean, a bushy plant of 60 – 80 cm height. It is also known as sword of horse bean cultivated scale in Manipur and northeastern region of India. The seed of jack bean is a rich source of protein, carbohydrate an other nutri-ents with some toxic alkaloids. The effects of alkaloids can be easily re-duced up to great extent (upto 82%) by treating with kitchen soda solution aat 80°C temperature. The soda treated jack bean seed meal can be incorpo-rated in Poultry mash ration to the level of 20% for use as a non-conventional livestock feed resources.

4. Sweet potato (Ipomea batata) (Mangra in Manipuri)

The main nutritional importance of sweet potato is in the starch content of the root, rich in vitamin A, Ascorbic Acid, thiamin, riboflavin and niacin. The fresh sweet potato root contains 4.6% crude protein, 4.2 – 7.2 g Ly-sine/100g of protein and 14 MJ of digestible energy/kg dry matter. The vines of sweet potato contain 18.5% CP and 4 – 6.5 lysine (100 g of pro-tein).

Category Covered space/pig (sq.ft.)

Open yard/pig

Weaner 10 – 15 15 – 20

Grower 12 – 20 20 – 30

Boar 35 – 50 50 – 70

Lactating sow 70 – 100 70 – 100

Dry sow 20 -30 30 – 50

Floor Space of Pigs

them limited quantity of feed. There are several non-conventional feedstuffs that can be fed to the pigs.

1. Job’s tear (Coix lachryma–jobi) (Chaning in Manipuri)

This is grown widely and the grain yield range between 25 – 30 q/ha. The gain contains 14 -15% protein and 1.2 1.4 % fiber. Full grain meant can be incorporated at 60% level in grower finishes ration. 2. Buckwheat (Fagopyrum Esculentum

Macula) (Angom Yensil in Manipuri) Buckweeed plant is propagated through seed @ 35 kg/ha, the plant population is generally maintained with a spacing be-tween plant to plant of 10 cm and row of 15 cm. plant will begin blooming in 30 – 40 days from sowing and first seed mature about 30 -35 days later. Buckwheat plant is an excellent honey source too as the blooms are rich in nectar and blooming continuously throughout the year. The grain is generally used as human food as well as animal feed. The full grain contains

Cutting Water hyacinth (kabokang) Intercropping of maize and topioca Plantation of Alocasia (Hungoo)

The energy that pigs can get from sweet potato meal is similar to that they get from maize and hence sweet potato meal can completely replace maize on pig rations. It has also been claimed ht sweet potato reduces the parasitic load, thus having an advantage in the body weight gain of pigs. Sweet potato vine meal can be used in compounded pig rations, but only at low levels.

5. Cassava (Manihot esculanta Crantz) (U-mangra in Manipuri)

It is one of the major sources of carbohy-drates for human as well as animals. The carbohydrates content of cassava root is 2 to 4 %, true protein is 1 -2% and very rich in vitamin C, thiamine, riboflavin and niacin. The root contains 15 – 16% digestible en-ergy and 2.2g lysine/100g nitrogen.

6. Bananas and Plantains

The carbohydrates content of banana pseudostem leaf meal, plantain pseu-dostem, plaintain leaves, green banana and ripe banana is 2.5%, 9 – 10%, 2-3%, 9-10%, 4-5% and 5-6% respec-tively. The green banana meal can be fed to the pigs upto 20% of the feed.

7. Taro or cocovam (Colocasia escu-lanta) (Pan in Manipuri)

The starch grains of this corn are very small, which make be digestibility of te tuber high. The level of crude protein (CP) 9%, slightly higher than that in yam, cassava or sweet potato. 8. Yam (Dioscorea spp.) (Ha in Ma-nipuri)

The average carbohydrates content of tubers ranges from 8 – 8.8 %. It con-tains high tryptophane content but deficient in lysine and other sulphur containing amino acids. Thus, the locally available native pas-tures like improved perennial grasses (setaria, congesignal and guinea) can be introduced in animal feed. Broom grass (thysanolaena maximal/indica), peren-nial legumes (stylosanthes), perennial groundnut (Arachis hypogea) and an-nual legumes (Rice Bean and Soya-bean) etc. have been found to be an-other promising fodder in Manipur and northeastern region of India and red beet, radish can also feed in pigs by cooking. FEEDING PATTERN Pigs are simple stomach but their colon and caecum are like of ruminant (cattle, sheep and goat). In fact, 1 kg/pig of green grasses and fodder can be given daily in grower and adult pig. Feeding should be 2 – 3 times per day, it must be enhanced to fully utilized in their digestive system. Pig rearing in Schedule Tribe and Schedule Cast area, the fermented rice (70 -80% car-bohydrate) from the synthesis of local wine can be given with fortified vita-mins and minerals. WATER REQUIREMENT Amount of water in a day per hog is 2 to 3 litre per kg of dry feed which is in summer may be as high as 4 to 5 kg dry feed.

FEEDING ANTIBIOTICS TO PIGS: Feeding antibiotics as feed additives is an impor-tant for following reasons: Helps in success of intensive system of swine pro-duction.

Reduces incidences of scouring and unthriftiness in pigs. Causes 10 to 15% more rapid gain and feed con-version. Enhances growth rate in early as of piglets. Increase feed efficiency of growing and finishing pigs up to 5%. Reduces the number of runts (last piglet) and thereby make more uniform crop of pigs.

Types of antibiotics for pig: Penicillin, bacitracin, auromycin (chlorotetracycline), teramycin etc. Dose: 10 to 20 mg per kg feed depending upon types of antibiotics. MANAGEMENT PRACTICES IN PIG FARM Castration in pig

Purpose:

To eliminate undesirable males. To prevent indiscriminate breeding To make animals more docile To prevent boar odour in cooked meat. To develop pork of superior quality. Important in treatment of accidental injuries, tumour of testes, etc.

Methods:

Operation method can be done within 3 to 4 weeks age which males are not selected for breed-ing. The cost of operation will be reduced in early age of pig.

Newsletter Title

Chemical composi-tion (g/100g DM)

Grain Fodder

At 70 days harvest

At 90 days har-vest

Protein 12.15 11.15 7.38

Fiber 13.24 26.24 30.95

Fat 0.65 1.74 1.17

Total mineral 4.82 16.30 7.65

Chemical composition of job’s lears grain and fodder

Sweet Potato (Mangra)

Chemical method: in this method, 2ml of chemical solution(0.25 g potassium permanganate + 17 ml of glacial acetic acid + 83 ml of distilled water) is injected in each testis. Swelling of testes occurs after injection but subsides soon. This is very effective method of castration of pigs. It is easy and economic practices to the farmers.

Care of orphan piglets

Causes of orphan piglets: 1. Large size litters than sow can raise 2. Death of sow after farrowing 3. Failure of lactation 4. Mastitis Methods of raising: 1. Use of foster sow 2. Use of milk replacer Note: To see that foster accepts new pig-lets, these must be sprayed with some deodorant disinfectant to mask the smell. And paint all the body of piglets by Lochia (farrowing discharge) of foster mother for undictating smell.

Removal of needle teeth:

Baby pig at birth have 4 pairs of sharp teeth on each jaw called needle teeth. These are of not use to piglets and may cause injury to mother’s udder. These should be clipped by means of piler or nail cutter. Care to be taken not to injure jaw or gum of piglets.

HEALTH MANAGEMENT:

Swine fever, swine paratyphoids, swine dysentery, swine vesicular exanthema, swine erysipelas and swine influenza are highly contagious and sporadic diseases of pig. It can be treated by antibiotics and other supportive treatment medicines. In case of swine fever, vaccination of healthy pigs is the only means of safety health. HEALTH CALENDAR OF PIG Swine fever vaccines: lapinised (a vaccine derived from rabbit tissue) swine fever vaccine health should be given at the dose of 1 ml intra muscularly in all age catego-ries of pig. It is effectiveness of immunity lasting period in 1 year. Vaccination should be done every year for good health. PIGLETS ANAEMIA (NUTRITIONAL ANAEMIA IN SULKING PIGS) It is highly fatal disease of sulking pigs caused by marked decrease in haemoglo-bin and fatty degeneration of liver. Causes: Lack of iron and copper salts in milk of sow pigs kept in indoor pens, on concrete floor and limited milk diet from row. Age group of pigs affected: 3 to 6 weeks. Symptoms: Pigs are dull and inactive, fa-tigued, lack of vigour. Pig show dyspnea (difficult in respiration), thumps and

rough coats, depression on slight exer-tion. Pig may be weak and thin, fat yet

the muscle are flabby. Suddenly wrinkles are found over the legs. Pigs may develop diarrhoea.

BIO-SECURITY OF PIG FARMING Swiss flu is caused by H1N1 virus while bird flu is caused by H5N1 and other virulent strain of H & N series. Swine flu is a new synthetic strain virus by gene mutation of different strain virus like Swine influenza, human influenza and Avian influenza as a reservoir in the pig health without any symptoms. By means of shrift & drift meth-ods of genetic variation, these three virus may make a new strain, which can cause very dangerous disease in human beings.

FACTORS AFFECTING ECONOMY OF PIG FARMING In order to achieve remunerative farming of pigs, some factors to be considered are:

1. Selection of site

2. Supply of feed, water etc.

3. Right choice of breed

4. Expenditure on feed, labour etc.

5. Principles of regular marketing.

6. Diseases and mortality.

7. Live birth and growth rate.

Page 13

Volume 1, Issue 1

Sl. No. Name Dose Effective against 1. Albendazole 5 – 10 mg/kg. body

wt. Gastrointestinal nametodes and larvae

2. Fenbedazole 7.5 – 10 mg per kg Round worm and tape worm

3. Inj. Ivernectic 0.3 mg.kg (s/c) Hystrongylus strongyloides, Ascarids. Oesophagosto-mum and Trichuris.

Commonly used Deworming drugs:

Note: Deworm the pregnant females 2 weeks before farrowing with piprezine adepate @ 1 gm/10kg. body weight because total littre (piglets) weight was greater for litters from dewormed sows.

Page 14

AgriManipur

HAPPENINGS

Imphal, March 02 2012: Cautioning the general public that consumption of vege-table items and local fish products could pose health threats due to excessive use of pesticide and other poisonous substances in growing/catching consumable items, a top official of the Director of Health Ser-vices said relevant measures have been initiated to test some food items at re-puted laboratories outside Manipur. Interacting with The Sangai Express, Deputy Food Safety Commissioner Bro-

jendro Khaba Meitei said recent en masse

detection of dead fishes on the eastern corner of Loktak Lake at Phoubakchao area is a grim reminder that the fishing community do not care for the safety of t h e c o n s u m e r s . Referring to the discovery of an empty can

of the banned Hildan pesticide from Phou-

bakchao area where large number of dead fishes were found floating, the Commis-sioner construed that the incident is a grim reminder of threat posed to the con-sumers.

Source: Sangai Express

Poisonous substances in food items alarming

Rs 50 lakh for supplying piglets gone into thin air Imphal, March 18: Some officials who were holding top posts in the Veterinary Depart-ment of Manipur at one time have allegedly paved the way for abolition of the Rashtriya Krishi Vikash Yojana (RKVY) Scheme in the state, which is being implemented under Union Agriculture Ministry with the stated objective of ensuring self-employment among unemployed people to augment their in-c o m e . A highly placed source revealed that the an amount of Rs 50 lakhs, which was meant for supplying piglets to 299 beneficiaries under RKVY for the year 2009-10 had been sanc-tioned to the State Veterinary Department. But no supply of piglets has been made to

the beneficiaries so far and there is strong apprehen-sion that the fund sanctioned may have gone in the pockets of the few top officials of the department.

The source disclosed that in early part of fiscal year, 2009-2010, a meeting was held in connection with implementation of RKVY scheme in the state with then Principal Secretary, IS Laishram in the chair. The meeting was also attended by Director, Th Rajen, Joint Director (Administration), Dr L Saratkumar and Deputy Director Dr H Chaoba. The said meeting discussed matter related to sanctioning of Rs 1 crore by the State Agriculture Department to the Veterinary Department for implementation of RKVY Scheme.

Source: Hueiyen lanpao

Tamenglong oranges dying, losing its juiciness; Dist Horticulture office indifferent

Imphal, March 28 2012: Even as Tamenglong district, the orange basket of Manipur, is fast losing its orange plants owing to an unknown plant disease, the District Horticul-ture office has been remaining locked since the past few years with-out paying any attention to the seri-o u s m e n a c e .

It is said that orange plants in the dis-trict are dying without any fathomable reason, while the oranges produced from different villages of the district are also l o s i n g i t s j u i c y t a s t e . At this critical juncture, instead of pay-ing attention to the serious threat, offi-cials and scientists of District Horticul-ture office have been enjoying the com-forts of keeping the office locked since

t h e p a s t f e w y e a r s . Representatives of Zeliangrong Women Union (Assam, Manipur, Nagaland), Kabui Mother's Asso-ciation and Information Centre for Hill Areas Ma-nipur recently conducted an inspection tour of the district with a team of reporters in this regard.

Source: Sangai Express

http://farmville4u.blogspot.ca/2010/07/piglets.html

Glaring example of the use of pesticide in catching fish

Page 15

Volume 1, Issue 3

Dimapur, March 30, 2012: The world’s first -ever Mithun calf through embryo transfer technology w a s b o r n a t t h e N a -tional Research Centre on Mithun, Indian Council of Agricul -tural Research, Jharnapani in Na-galand on March 27, a Press re-lease said today. Mithun (Bos frontalis), a rare bovine of South-east Asia is mainly confined in four different States, viz., Arun-achal Pradesh, Nagaland, Manipur and Mizoram. Present free range

system of Mithun rearing at its natural forest habitat results in considerable in-breeding and cross-breeding with the local cattle thereby resulting in loss of quality Mithun germplasm. To address the issues of inbreeding and crossbreeding, the scientists of Animal Physiology section of the institute have successfully applied the Artificial Insemi-nation (AI) technique both at farm and field at Khonoma village of Nagaland and produced AI-borne calves. Source: The Assam Tribune

First embryo transfer Mithun calf born at ICAR

Militants ban import of onion, potatoes in Manipur Imphal, April 09, 2012 : Militant outfit United Revolutionary Front(URF) today said it has banned im-port of onions and potatoes in Manipur from other states. In a statement here, URF publicity secretary A K Pibarel said they con-sider it necessary to develop a self-reliant economy of Manipur and urged farmers in the state to cultivate and produce the agricultural products a b u n d a n t l y . They have also threaten to ban the entry of othervegetables and tobacco

products like cigarette, bidi, etc, from J u n e 1 8 . Official sources said it would not be possible to prevent the sale of all these daily-need items because the state does-n't produce onion, potatoes of other vegetables enough to feed people of the s t a t e . They said steps would be taken to make the inflow of all essential items from states. Source: Economic Times

Imphal, June 08 2012: The five-day inaugural State Level Watermelon Festival organised by Na-hakpam Foundation for Development under the sponsorship of State's Horticulture and Soil Con-servation Department commenced from today at Iboyaima Shumang Leela Shanglen . As chief guest of the festival inauguration, Hort & Soil Consvn Joint Director M Kuber informed that from its origin in south Africa watermelon is at present one of the most commercialised food i t e m s i n t h e w o r l d . Maintaining that watermelon, with 72 percent water content and 6 percent sugar, is a relatively n e w f o o d i t e m i n M a n i p u r .

First Watermelon Festival in Manipur The Joint Director conveyed that it has substan-tial nutritional value and is one of the favourite food items of the summer season. Pledging the Department's support in the form of seed provision to enhance watermelon pro-ductivity in Manipur, Kuber suggested that a common organising committee be formed ahead of the next festival to ensure more partici-p a t i o n . He also stated that all possible measures would be taken by the Department to present prizes in order to boost morale of the watermelon pro-ducers/farmers. Source: The Sangai Express

http://photos.merinews.com

http://manipuronline.com

http://www.whataboutwatermelon.com

1. AgriManipur: Can you tell us something about your educational and family background? Also how it was started?

Lelen (L): I was born in a poor family of a countryside. My poor widow illiterate loving mother has been taking important role in our family as my father died young. Our family members had been depending upon gardening and waving for livelihood and educa-tional purposes. I used moon light in reading books during my stu-dent life. Memorization method in the dark during night time was the most effective method which I used in my student life. I used to spend daytime mainly in manual work and going to college and university. I have been fallowing the principle of “Simple living, Simple eating, Simple clothing & high thinking”. I could never forget one important teaching from political Science i.e.

“It is better to become an unsatisfied Socrates than a pig satisfied”. I completed my graduat ion in h i story (honours) with first class first and post graduation in history with 1st class 1st (Gold Medal-ist) from Manipur University. The knowledge acquired from education decided my future life career. I never dreamed of any Government job. So I feed no interview for any job in life. Formerly, I served as a dedicated teacher of History in the N.G. Mani College to save the educational career of the students just after the declaration of M.A. final ex-amination result only at the request of the college author-ity. Still, I am ready to serve the nation at all levels if the nation is needful of my ser-vice free of cost. I started my

career of farming with no difficulty after acquiring a little knowledge from higher education

2. AgriManipur: Can you please describe the farming/ business you are doing? How is it unique from others? How techniques you followed to make it unique?

L: I transformed my activity of gardening to farming by 2002 A.D. along with my family members. Nowadays, most of the farmers are lacking in knowledge of higher educa-tion, labour, sincerity, will power, simplicity, patience etc. The adoption of advanced technologies (e.g. use for sprinkler) and other advanced ideas and conceptions make our farming a little different from others.

Meeting with a Star: N. Lelen

Page 16

AgriManipur

Lelen

Man with a mission

“The knowledge

acquired from

education decided my

future life career. I

never dreamed of any

Government job.”

Lelen story is startling given the level of education he had. He paved a way for future farmers that farming cannot only be exciting but also be remunerative. His farms never fade their colour; lush green anytime, everywhere. His greatest message to the youngsters is that education empowered everyone; knowledge gained though education should guide you. Read the interview with Lelen to know further……..

Lelen’s sprawling farms

3. AgriManipur: Agriculture is no longer considered as a lucrative business. Youth of this generation do not see bright future in farming. What prompted you to start ven-ture like this when everyone is not inter-ested in? What motivates you? L: Knowledge through education is the supreme of all wealth which could never be stolen by thief . It is worth of accumulation as far as possible unlike material wealth. The above advice was given me by my father during my childhood. History is the moun-tain top of human knowledge. I came across histories of the rise and fall of many civiliza-tions of the world and historical personali-ties in history. Over and above, I came across one renowned economic historian Prof. N. Lokendra Singh (presently Regis-trar M.U.) while I was reading M.A. history in Manipur University. His teachings on economic history enabled me to take up different necessary suitable steps in farming according to time, place and situation. His teachings motivated me to do so. I applied the knowledge acquired from economic history to practical life, though other people did not have interest in farming.

4. AgriManipur: What may be the reasons your business survives for a long period of time when many other farming/ agriculture based business died?

L: My business is related to food produc-tion. Man cannot live without food. So this business will survive as long as man lives on earth. I am not an opportunist or money hunger. My target is to give economic salva-

tion to the common people through green revolution (Economy is the back-bone of the society) as Mahatama Gan-dhi, Subaschandra Bose stood for Political salvation of the Indians and Gautama Buddha for spiritual salvation of the hu-manity. This is the reason why my busi-ness is surviving for long while other people died their agricultural business.

5. AgriManipur: We are hoping that your profession is beneficial to you. Would you give a brief picture about the size of your business? (Eg. Produc-tion per annum season, revenue and profit, etc.

L: My profession is beneficial to me. About 10 farmers including our family members are now in the farm in an area of about 6 acres of land. (N.B. most of the land being on lease from other peo-ple). Remaining part of the answer is that our family’s economy support as well as of other laborers working in the farm depend upon the income out of the farming.

6. AgriManipur: As a farmer and busi-nessman what kind of difficulties were faced/ are facing? Technical, financial and moral?

L: As a farmer and businessman, I face no difficulty in technical, financial and moral.

7. AgriManipur: What kind of support system (policies and program) is needed

for the welfare of progressive farmers/ entrepreneurs?

L: Regarding the support system for the welfare of the farmers entrepreneurs (excluding me), a dutiful, ideal and least corrupted democratic form of Govern-ment which is quite different from pre-sent day government is needed.

8. AgriManipur: What is your future plans? Expansion and diversification?

L: My future plans are of top secrets.

9. AgriManipur: You might also agree that today’s youth are not interested very much in entrepreneurship and hard earned pro-fession but more prone to short route of earning money. What, in your opinion, are required to reverse this trend? What message you want to convey to them?

L: “Education is the nerve centre of the Society”, present day defective education system is the most important reason why youth of the present day are not interested in entrepreneurship and hard earned pro-fession (with the exception of some youth) but more prone to short route of earning money. The intellectuals and think tanks from the universities should take a lading role to grasp the political power to estab-lish a dutiful, ideal and least corrupted democratic government in order to elimi-nate the present day defects in education system. If so, the mind and way of think-ing of the present day youth can be re-versed. Otherwise, there is no remedy and the situation will become serious day by day. The message what I want to convey is

‘Money loss is nothing loss Health loss is something loss.

Character loss is everything loss. &

Money is only for this human world and not necessary in the heavenly

abode.

Volume 1, Issue 3

Photo courtesy: TEDx Imphal , independently organised TED

event

AgriManipur

Hope this will connect you with useful information you are longing for. This information hub intends

to help you in advancing your enterprises/ business making use of it.

CoooooNECT

Objectives The National Bank will be an apex organisation in respect of all matters relating to policy, planning operational aspects in the field of credit for promotion of Agriculture, Small Scale Industries, Cottage and Village Industries, Handicrafts and other rural crafts and other allied economic activities in rural areas.

The Bank will serve as a refinancing institution for institutional credit such as long-term, short-term for the promotion of activities in the rural areas. The Bank will also provide direct lending to any institution as may approved by the Central Government.

The Bank will have organic links with the Reserve Bank and maintain a close link within

Major activities

Preparing of Potential Linked Credit Plans for identification of exploitable potentials under agriculture and other activities available for development through bank credit. Refinancing banks for extending loans for investment and production purpose in rural areas. Providing loans to State Government/Non Government Organizations (NGOs)/Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) for de-veloping rural infrastructure. Supporting credit innovations of Non Government Organizations (NGOs) and other non-formal agencies. Extending formal banking services to the unreached rural poor by evolving a supplementary credit delivery strategy in a cost effective manner by promoting Self Help Groups (SHGs). Promoting participatory watershed development for enhancing productivity and profitability of rainfed agriculture in a

Shri S V Nemlekar General Manager Manipur Regional Office Leiren Mansion 2nd Floor, Opp Lamphel Super Market Lamphelpat , Imphal - 795 004 Tel: (91) 0385 2416192, 0385 2410706

Email: imphal@nabard.org

Head Office:

NABARD 2nd Floor, 'D' Wing C-24, 'G' Block Bandra-Kurla Complex, Bandra (East) Mumbai 400 051 Website: http://www.nabard.org

Con

tact

s

NABARD was set up as an apex Development Bank with a mandate for facilitating credit flow for promotion and development of agri-culture, small-scale industries, cottage and village industries, handi-crafts and other rural crafts. It also has the mandate to support all other allied economic activities in rural areas, promote integrated and sustainable rural development and secure prosperity of rural areas.

Volume 1, Issue 3

Respected AgriManipur Team Thank you for your acknowledgment and encouragement to Keithelmapi. To be honest with you we have not reached that confidence level as we are really in experimental stage (prototype) and we are trying our best to come up with good service after studying responses from the supporters specially regarding mode of payment (Advance payment or Cash on Delivery/VPP) and delivery time. Our motive is to able to serve those increasing north east families in mainland india as well as to exhibit the traditionally rich dresses, books, regional movies (to reduce piracy), regional pickles and so on to the outsiders. As future belong to e-market, we are confident that there will be a lot of supporters in the coming days. It was launched formally on 23rd March,2012 in a small room near Rajaji Nagar (nr IISc),Bangalore.Some of photos of hosting is attached herewith. Regarding team, one is a MBA student at IISc,Bangalore, second is a Software Program-mer based at Bangalore, third is a graduate student operating at Imphal and some of the friends who are supporting the team financially as well as in promoting the venture. (regret for not disclosing the names) Last but not the least, we would like to interact with your team regarding preservation of foods during postal journey,way of packaging, etc. Regards Keithelmapi Team

http://listverse.com/2011/11/11/20-heirloom-vegetables/

Chakhao Self Help Group

Langthabal Kunja

Awang Leikai

P.O: Canchipur, Imphal West

Manipur - 795003

E: blackriceindia@gmail.com

Chak-hao in web now!

www.blackriceindia.com

RE

VO

LU

TIO

NR

EV

OL

UT

ION

Keithelmapi.in

“Our society is based on the Self help group of young and old people who earns

their livelihood through farming and cultivation.

The member consists of 20 active person and will eventually upgraded to thou-

sands.

The current work is based on processing of aromatic Black Rice and cultivation

of Mushroom and other products produced in Manipur.”

AgriManipur Vol. 1, Issue 3

Next issue October 2012

Food Adulteration : An Insight

Wine making

Pesticide: Addictive monster?

safinmanipur@gmail.com

daya.sym@gmail.com

011-91-9436020905

011-91-9862831561

www.facebook.com/safimanipur

Contact us to get your copy today

AgriManipur is an initiative of Society for Agriculture, Food and Innovation, Imphal based NGO

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Dear farmers, food processors, nutritionist, ...torchbearers of Manipur

Do you have stories to share?

Please feel free to write. Your success stories or setback centered around agriculture, food and

nutrition are most welcome no matter how big or small. If required we will try to solve

through our experts’ network. You can write in any languages. We will translate and publish.

Be a part of the movement.