agronomic and grade characteristics of the virginia market type peanut grown in virginia and...
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Agronomic and Grade Characteristics of the Virginia Market Type Peanut Grown in Virginia
and Carolina RegionMaria Balota and Thomas Isleib
Objectives were to 1) examine the genotype × location interaction for pod yield, value, and grade characteristics, and 2) compare commercial cultivars with advanced breeding lines for value, yield and grade factors.
References:
1. http://www.ext.vt.edu/pubs/np/2812-1030.pdf
Virginia market type peanut is an important cash crop for VA, NC, and SC. It annually brings over $90 million to the economies of this region from approximately 160,000 acres planted every year. For over 35 years, cultivars from VT and NCSU breeding programs are released based upon a multi- year and location selection test as part of a joint research project entitled Peanut Variety and Quality Evaluation (PVQE)1. Every year, PVQE replicated field plots are conducted at various locations in VA, NC, and SC to determine the potential for yield and grade characteristics of the Virginia market type peanut genotypes. Yield and grade factors are equally important for this crop’s profitability.
Materials & Methods:
•47 genotypes: 12 commercial varieties 26 NCSU advanced breeding lines 9 VT advanced breeding lines
• 5 locations: VA (2), NC (2), and SC (1)•3 replications in a RCB design
• Pod yield and crop value
• Grade characteristics: fancy pods, extra large kernels (ELK), sound mature kernels, and total meat1.
Results:Location, genotype, and location × genotype interaction had a significant effect on yield, crop value and the grade characteristics of the peanut genotypes (Table 1).
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
8,000
9,000
BaileyBrantleyCHAMPS
Florida FancyGeorgia 05E
GregoryNC 12C
NC-V 11Perry
PhillipsVA 98RWilson
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
8,000
9,000
VT 003069
VT 003185
VT 003194
VT 023002
VT 024051
VT 024060
VT 024077
VT 9506083-3
VT004152
VT024024
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
8,000
9,000
Yield (kg ha -1)
N02009N03005JN03088TN03089TN03090TN03091T
N04042FSmTN04054FC
N04066CSmTN04071CT
N04074FCTN05006N05007N05008N05018
N05024JN05031JN05037JN05042F
N05047N05049JN05056N06027N06029
N06032FN06044F
0 20 40 60 80 100
BaileyBrantleyCHAMPS
Florida FancyGeorgia 05E
GregoryNC 12CNC-V 11
PerryPhillipsVA 98RWilson
0 20 40 60 80 100
VT 003069
VT 003185
VT 003194
VT 023002
VT 024051
VT 024060
VT 024077
VT 9506083-3
VT004152
VT024024
0 20 40 60 80 100Extra Large Kernels(%)
N02009N03005JN03088TN03089TN03090TN03091T
N04042FSmTN04054FC
N04066CSmTN04071CT
N04074FCTN05006N05007N05008N05018
N05024JN05031JN05037JN05042F
N05047N05049JN05056N06027N06029
N06032FN06044F
Bladen
Florence
Martin
Southampton
TAREC2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
8,000
9,000
Yiel
d (k
g ha
-1)
Bladen
Florence
Martin
Southampton
TAREC2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
8,000
9,000
Yiel
d (k
g ha
-1)
Bladen
Florence
Martin
Southampton
TAREC2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
8,000
9,000
Yiel
d(kg
ha
-1)
CHAMPS
Bailey
VT 004152
df Extra large kernels
Sound mature kernels
Meat content
Fancy pods
Pod Yield
Crop value
P value
Location (L) 4 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001Genotype (G) 46 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001L × G 184 0.05 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.005Error 368
% % % % Kg ha-1 $/haBladen, NC 44 a 67 b 74 c 91 c 6099 c 2471 cFlorence, SC 44 a 57 a 73 ab 89 b 5802 b 2004 aMartin, NC 48 b 67 b 72 a 87 a 5518 a 2114 bSouthampton, VA 51 c 68 c 73 ab 95 d 6706 d 2661 dSuffolk, VA 48 b 69 c 73 ab 93 e 6634 d 2622 d
Table 1. ANOVA results and averages by location for 47 peanut genotypes. Within each column, values with the same letter are not significantly different based on Tukey’s HSD test.
Genotypes with less content of grade characteristics had less crop value although yields were high. For example, Wilson had high yield but less content of ELK and VA 98-R had less yield and high ELK content; they had similar crop value (Figs. 1&2).
Figure 1. Average pod yield and extra large kernel content of 47 Virginia market type peanut grown at 5 locations in 2008.
SuffolkSouthamptonMartinFlorenceBladen
Bailey
Brantle
y
CHAMPS
Florida F
ancy
Georgia
05E
Gregory
NC 12C
NC-V 11Perr
y
Phillips
VA 98R
Wilson
0
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
Cro
p Va
lue
($/h
a)Figure 2. Average crop value of 12 commercial Virginia peanut cultivars in 2008.
Figure 3. Pod yield of three Virginia type peanut genotypes at 5 locations in 2008.
For some cultivars and advanced lines, genotype × location interaction was not significant for yield (Fig. 3) and grade characteristics, showing that some genotypes may grow with good net returns in all three states.