ahl al bayt presentation

8/12/2019 AHL AL BAYT Presentation

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By:SHARIFAH NOORULHUDA BINTI HABIB ELIAS

(G1319600)

A proposal submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the

Degree of Master of Arts (Islamic Thought And Civilization)

MAITC

Ahl al-baytin the Sunni and Shite

Literature in Malaysia


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In Malaysia, the meaning of the Arabic word ahlal-bayt is confined to biological descendants of the

Prophet who, are also known as the Alawiyyun

(Shihabuddin, 2007, p. 442; M. Al-Baqir, 1986, p. 50).

They are people who too, carry the initial name

of Syed or Sayyid and Habib for male; Syarifah for

female and some even go further to include Nik,Long, Wan and Megat (al-Masyhur, 2012, p. 205;

Muzaffar, 2003, p. 20).

INTRODUCTION


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The reason most probably lies in the limitedexploration of alternative explanations from existing

primary literature that deals with the topic.

Hence, this thesis will examine and present

criteria of ahl al-baytwhich will serve as the

instrument to analyse few selected Malay Sunni and

Shite literature.

INTRODUCTION


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This study will attempt to answer the following questions:

What are the criteria of ahl al-baytin the Qurnand

Hadth?

How is the term portrayed in selected Malay Sunniand Shite literature in the light of Qurnand

Hadth?

What are the similarities and differences in the

literature produced by Sunnis and Shiites and with

what consequences?

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM


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DEFINITION

Inal-Muhkam wa al-Muhit al-Adhamby Abi

Al-Hasan Ali (d. 1066 C.E.) as he quoted

Sibawayh, (d. 796 C.E.).

Ahl al-baytfor one person lexically means

people of ones house or ones relative

BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY


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DEFINITION

In the case of Prophet Muhammad SAW, the

widely accepted terminology of his ahl al-bayt

in this region refers to his wives and children;especially Sayyidatina Fatimah AS (Prophets

youngest daughter) which includes her

husband, Sayyidina Ali AS (Prophets cousin),her sons, Sayyidina Hasan and Husin AS and

their descendants.



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VIEWS ONAHL AL-BAYT

Ibn al-Qayyim, inJil al-Afhmfi Fadhli al-

olahwa al-Salam ala Muhammad Khair al-

Anam(p. 119-120) grouped views on ahl al-baytinto six different categories

All these are also cited by (Al-Husaini, 1998) and

(Shihabuddin, 2007).



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VIEWS ONAHL AL-BAYT1. The wives of the prophets (Al-Syaukani, n.d., p. 178)

which are based on the views of Ikrimah and al-Zujajwho took support from the narrations by Muqatil binSulaiman, Atha, Kalbi, Ibnu Abbas Said bin Jubair

2. The wives of the prophets and ahl al-kisaor people ofthe clock (Prophet Muhammad SAW Sayyidina Ali AS,Sayyidatina Fatimah AS and her two sons, Hasan andHusain AS).

3. Those who are not entitled to adqahand zakh.This opinion is further elaborated by interpretationsof the schools of jurisprudence:



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VIEWS ONAHL AL-BAYT (Jurisprudence) The Shafiis and Ahmad (The Hanbalis)choose

Bani Hashim and Bani Abdul Mualib.

The Hanafis and some of the Hanbalis andMalikis(al-Qasim) prefer only Bani Hashim andthat means the family of Ali, Abbas, Aqil andJaafar.

Asyhab fromMalikisprefer Bani Hashim and theupper line descendants from Bani Abdul Mualib,Bani Umayyah, Bani Naufal up to Bani Galib



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VIEWS ONAHL AL-BAYT4. Those descendants of the Prophet SAW including

his wives. It finds evidence in a Hadthnarrated by AbuHumaid: O Allah, may salawatbe there for Muhammad,his wives, children and grandchildren.

5. The followers of the Prophet until the day of Judgement.(It is supported by Ibnu Abdil Barri, Jabir ibnu Abdillah, al-Baihqi, Sufyan al-Tsauri and part of the Shafiis)

6. Those muttaqun(those pious ones possessing Godconsciousness or mindfulness) among his ummah.(community). It is based on Hadthreported by al-Thabrani from Anas the family ofthe Prophet is every God mindful believer.



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In short, As far as the Malays are concerned, the very idea of ahl

al-bayt was quite vague to many.

In recent development, there are attempts tointroduce ahl al-bayt to the Malaysian publicemphasizing their rights to be recognized, respectedand revered.

At first glance it seems to be an advantage inpromoting Shite basic doctrines. This, however, is not

the purpose of this thesis. The thesis will try to explain its meaning (especially the

sixth view) and the way it is used to promote onesbelief



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The need to revive the unsung ahl al-bayt;

finding ways to complement the Salmanic and thebiological Hashemite or cAlawiyyinHadramis kind of

ahl al-bayt. There are possibilities of conflict of interests

among the existing ahl al-bayt

there arises need to deal with the conflict because in

almost all cases, it is driven by personal interests suchas power, wealth and self immunity

JUSTIFICATION OF THE PROBLEM


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There should be a research to prove that they (ahl al-bayt according to the existing understanding) areNOT the only legitimate group of scholars

who has the monopoly on the leadership ofthe Ummah in religious, spiritual andacademic terms (Sallabi, 2003, p. 54).

..at present, the deteriorating state of

intellectual and spiritual state of descendantsof the prophet beginning from 17thcentury.(al-Baqir p. 34)



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A crucial need for better acknowledgement ofthe term

since what is known is fairly limited and

distorted and confined among few interestedand benefitting groups. (Shites who are well

known for their extreme inclinations and

reverence towards ahl al-bayt andthoseclaimants of purely biological realm)



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It is about time to review the term using

contemporary methodology

to arrive at any findings that helps tocontribute to the limited literature on this

term and relatively if not comprehensively

uncast any doubts therein.



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In the light of the above discussion, the study aims

at achieving the following objectives:

To find elaborate criteria of ahl al-baytfrom the

Qurnand Hadth.

To examine two Malay Sunni works and a Shite

work that deal with the term in the light of the

Qurnand Hadth. To compare the Sunni works with a Shite work

on ahl al-baytand their related consequences.

OBJECTIVES


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Two group of writers:

works done by the cAlawiyyun(existing ahl al-

bayt) or significant others (the Shite) that share

similar interests in and views on the topic

Works done by non members, in response todissatisfactions of some principles hold by the

cAlawiyyun.Three main categories namely:

merits, principles and persona.

LITERATURE REVIEW


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ahl al-baytand their merits

Al-Husaini, (1998), Muzaffar (2001;2006), Shihabuddin (2007),Darwish (2010), Jumah (2012) and Al-Masyhur (2012) deal with thePRIVILEGES, SIGNIFICANCE AND VENERATION THAT THE BEARERS

OF THE TITLE HOLD WHICH IN TURNS CALL FOR OTHER MUSLIMSTO GIVE THEIR RIGHTS OF REVERENCE, RESPECT AND PRAYER TOTHE FAMILY OF CONCERNED. Some writers go further tosubstantiate their rights to reverences and privileges by justifying itwith embedded good deeds and miracles (Al-Masyhur, 2011; al-Baqir, 1986).

So far, this area of discussion has not been subjected to anyrefutations and criticisms since it has been a well known practicedby the Prophet Muhammad (SAW) himself and supported by plentyof authentic Hadth

LITERATURE REVIEW


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ahl al-baytand their noteworthy principles ,

The main defining criteria of their esprit de corpsis the matter ofsadaqah(charity) and zakt(alms giving) prohibitions which havebeen significantly highlighted by the group (Al-Husaini, 1998), (Al-

Masyhur, 2012), (Forum Santri Sunniyah Salafiyah Pasuruan, 2012),(Muzaffar, 2010) and (Shihabuddin, 2007). Others that hint at thecontroversy are matters dealing with marriage and religious bearingsuch as the validity in authority and realms of spiritual teachingsand practice (tareqah balawior tareqah ahl al-bayt). While Syed(2009), al-Masyhur, (2012) and Alidin (2007) record that the ahl al-

bayt from among the cAlawiyyunstrongly sticks to theirunderstanding of kaf`ah(conformity?) in marriage from amongtheir own blood

LITERATURE REVIEW


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the persona of ahl al-bayt,

There seemed to be well accepted notion that the cAlawiyyuncarries theindisputable title of ahl al-baytas mentioned in the Prophetic traditions (Al-Husaini, 1998), (Al-Masyhur, 2012), (Forum Santri Sunniyah Salafiyah Pasuruan,2012), (Motoki, 2012) and (Shihabuddin, 2007). Nonetheless, recent progress of

attributing publics lineage to the Prophet in this region creates unrest amongthem especially when such claims are made without prior reference to the keeperof prophetic genealogical tree; the nuqaba(Al-Masyhur, 2012; Syfadhil, 2007;Shihabuddin, 2007). BOTH CLAIMANTS SEEK REFUGE IN JUSTIFIED JURISTICARGUMENTS WHICH ARE SOLELY GROUNDED ON BLOOD TIES OR MARITALFACTORS. While the former traced their ancestors way back to Hadramaut (Al-Haddad, 1986; Kesheh, 1999; Al-Husaini, 1998), the latter came from Hadramautthrough India and moved to the Malay archipelago (Al-Haddad, 1986; Wan, 2001,2002, 2005). It is necessary to note that there seems to be almost non existence ofany discussion on the other member of ahl al-baytrepresented by Salman Al-Farisiand the like.

LITERATURE REVIEW


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Among the Shites, apart from agreeing with the Sunnis onmerits attributed to the ahl al-bayt, generally, all of them,Husein (2001), Al-Qazwini (2009), and Al- Samawi, (n.d.)understand the term as exclusively belonging to thehousehold of Sayyidina Ali AS, his wife Sayyidatina

Fatimah, their sons, Sayyidina Hasan and Husin and someof their selected pedigrees. This claim is further supportedby two books donated to the International IslamicUniversity Malaysia (IIUM) by al-Balagh Foundation (1992)in 1993 and al-Balagh Foundation (1998) in 2001. However,

in all cases, their merits on ahl al-baytextend as far asdivinely legitimizing the rights of the family in leadershipand authorities both religiously and politically

LITERATURE REVIEW


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This study hope to find elaborate criteria of whos whoof the ahl al-baytbased on the indicator given by theProphet SAW of Salman Al-Farisi AH and his like;finding evidences to endorse the muttaqungroup.

Then, compare it with the existing Sunni and Shiteliterature. Needless to say, this is an area notexhaustively make known to public though previousscholars have made some contributions here andthere. Hence, such attempts are necessary to

systematically emphasize on the other face of ahl al-bayt; the one perhaps, with more enduring spirit andnature.

LITERATURE REVIEW


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This is a comparative study - comparing theliterature on ahl al-bayt. The comparison has tobe focused. This study will therefore compare thetwo types of literature focusing on the following

concepts:1. Definition of ahl al-bayt.

2. Identification of members of ahl al-bayt.

3. Attributes of ahl al-bayt.

4. Reverence in which the ahl al-baytare heldin two literatures.

FRAMEWORK FOR ANALYSIS


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This paper will usequalitative study of content

analysis. This too, may include the linguistic

analytical approach and traditionally thematic

one. In other words, the data collectionprocedures include:

Content Analysis

Library research


Data collection and analysis


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Content Analysis

Elo & Kyngas (2008) suggested that the inductive contentanalysis process is represented as three main phases:preparation, organizing and reporting.

Mohd Shukri Hanapi (2013) in his study on humandevelopment also uses three steps which can be applied inthis study ; firstly, identifying related Qurnicverses andHadthson ahl al-bayt and their essences; secondly, using athematic exegesis approach to analyze the identifiedQurnicverses and Hadths; and thirdly, to develop theconceptual elements of ahl al-baytbased on the identifiedverses of the Qurnand Hadths.




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Library research

It may also gather scattered works byreputed Sunni scholars on the applied

meaning of the term (ahl al-bayt) that exist insimilarity with the Qurnicand Hadthcontextand terminology. This is to GUIDE ANYLOGICAL PRESENTATION OF THE CONTENTANALYSIS to arrive at intended reviewedcriteria.




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In achieving the FIRST OBJECTIVE, a QUALITATIVE RESEARCH WITH AN

EXPLANATORY AND DESCRIPTIVE design uses the thematic exegesis

(tafsir al-mawduiy)



(preliminary)

NO. ELEMENTS CHARACTERISTICS

1. Definition of ahl al-bayt Types of al, ahl, ahl al-bayt, al-qurbah

?

?

2. Identification of ahl al-bayt The process of being ahl al-bayt

People who have knowledge of the Quran?

3. Attributes of ahl al-bayt The heirs of the prophet The siddiqun

The sayyid

4. Reverence of ahl al-bayt Rights of reverence.

?

?


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Among the books dedicated for the comparative study are:

Sunni books by Malaysian authors:


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Data collection and analysisAnalytical chart of the whole thesis will be as follows


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The necessity of contemporary understanding

of the term ahl al-baytis pivotal to position their

status in the Muslim society. Moreover, itconcerns personalities being paired with the

Qurn(as apparent in Hadthal-thaqalayn). It

follows that ahl al-baytexists in so far as the

Qurnexists.Again, the issue of ahl al-bayt isdeemed crucial since it is gaining impact on the

contemporary Malaysian society.

CONCLUSION

ahl al bayt presentation

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