ahmed alharthi april 25, 2014 uccs

Ahmed- Public Cloud Location in Africa

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Ahmed AlharthiApril 25, 2014

UCCSMaster’s Project Report

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Methodology for Choosing Datacenter for Cloud Providers in West Africa Region


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• Introduction

• Why Africa

• The proposed Methodology

• Selection Results

• Lessons Learned

• Future Work

• Conclusion

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Agenda


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Lack of information regarding to data centers in Africa.

Demand of the services In globalizations movement, Africa was neglected Cloud provider numbers

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Motivation


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Cloud providers


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Number of data centers

Why Africa ?

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Number of Data Centers around the World


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Growing Demand from Africa


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Research the process for selecting the best locations to build data centers for cloud providers in West Africa.

Main Considerations: Network performance, Costs, Submarine cable.

Other factors : Environmental, Economical and Politics stabilities.

Research Plan

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Develop a methodology to suggest the best locations for setting up data centers for cloud providers.

Significance ◦ Connect Africa to the world in efficient way.

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Goal


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McConnell A., Parr G.P., Mc Clean S.I., Khan, K [38]

Khosrow Ebrahimi, Gerard F. Jones, and Amy S. Fleischer [11]

In terms of Africa’s network connectivity, M. Zennaro, E. Canessa, K.R. Sreenivasan , A.A. Rehmatullah and R.L. [12]

Sanjay M. Parekh, Robert B. Friedman, Neal K. Tibrewala, and Benjamin Lutch [28]

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Related Work


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Climate & topography of the continent Tornados & Hurricanes & Tsunami Earthquake Politic Systems on the region Economic Status

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Geographical & Climate Characteristics of the region


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Africa Submarine Cables


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Intel Considerations are : WAN infrastructure, availability of water for cooling, costs workforce, water, power or landscape.

HP Considerations are: quality of the landtheir size, price and geographic location, the availability of power and communication network in the region, cost of operations including electricity, water, network access, free cooling.

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How Intel/HP Select their Data Center Locations


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Methodology is mix of Intel , HP and IBM approaches

Main considerations :◦ Costs of Powering, Cooling and landscape. ◦ Communication network and their capabilities.Secondary considerations : Politics status Geographical & Climate location Submarine cables Economy

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The Proposed Methodology


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Decision Process for Selecting Countries to Host Public Cloud

Senegal, Guinea, Liberia, Ghana, Togo, Benin, Sierra Leone, Nigeria, Cameron, Cote d'ivoire, Congo, Angola, Democratic Republic of the Congo and Namibia.


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Results of Decision Process


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Latency Round Trip Time Packet loss Bandwidth

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Network measurements


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Network measurements

Amazon Linux AMI 2014.03.1 machines In Singapore, Sydney and Sao Paulo

Linux commands : Ping and Traceroute

Tool used :◦ Nmap (Network mapper)◦ Visual route

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System and Tools for Measurement


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From Colorado 128.198.49.171

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Network measurements from North America

Ghana South Africa Senegal Nigeria 0

50

100

150

200

250

300

23 27 30 27

220

265

182 182

Latecny RTT

Country Latency Round trip time

Packet loss

Number of Hops

Ghana 23 ms 220 ms 10 % 17

South Africa 27 ms 265 ms 0% 20

Senegal 30 ms 182 ms 0% 17

Nigeria 27 ms 182 ms 0% 18


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Network measurements from East Asia (Singapore)

Country Latency Round trip time

Packet loss Number of Hops

Ghana 197.253.65.36 28 ms 270 ms 0% 12South Africa 41.74.178.82 48 ms 476 ms 0% 20Senegal 41.83.255.255 24 ms 236 ms 0% 13Nigeria 41.222.211.58 27 ms 274 ms 0% 19


100150200250300350400450500

28 4824 27

270

476

236274

RTT Latency

54.255.149.162


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54.206.48.231

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Network measurements from East Asia (Sydney)

Country Latency Round trip time Packet loss Number of Hops

Ghana 197.253.65.36 44 ms 440 ms 0% 17South Africa 41.74.178.82 44 ms 493 ms 0% 25Senegal 41.83.255.255 42 ms 428 ms 0% 17Nigeria 41.222.211.5 42 ms 448 ms 0% 23


100

200

300

400

500

600

44 44 42 42

440493

428 448

Latency RTT


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54.255.149.162

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Network measurements from South America (Brazil)

Country Latency Round trip time Packet loss Number of HopsGhana 197.253.65.36 30 ms 312 ms 0% 14South Africa 41.74.178.82 36 ms 343 ms 0% 16Senegal 41.83.255.255 31 ms 281 ms 0% 14Nigeria 41.222.211.58 32 ms 297 ms 0% 12

Ghana South Africa 4 Senegal Nigeria 0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

30 36 31 32

312343

281 297

Latency RTT


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[aalharth@walrus cs701]$ ping -c 10 197.253.65.36 PING 197.253.65.36 (197.253.65.36) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 197.253.65.36: icmp_seq=1 ttl=43 time=981

ms 64 bytes from 197.253.65.36: icmp_seq=2 ttl=43 time=983








ms --- 197.253.65.36 ping statistics --- 10 packets transmitted, 9 received, 10% packet loss, time

8997ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 960.481/975.940/1003.880/11.900

ms, pipe 2

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Detailed Stat Related to Ghana Ghana Observation

core4.LDN-London.as6453.netis the last node connecting to Ghana

Goes to WASC submarine cables operated by TATA.


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Estimating the Coast of Space, Cooling and Powering Data Center

Estimation based on HP “Cost model for planning, development and operation of a data center”

Assumptions Facility size is 30,000 sq ft 10 MW datacenter %50 occupied

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Formula for Estimating Costs


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Cost of Renting Spaces

Country Average rent (per sq ft)

Lagos, Nigeria

$6.48 – 8.00

Accra, Ghana

$5.7-10.5

Dakar, Senegal

$ 5.5 – 9.5

Cape Town, South Africa

$ 10 - 14

Lagos, Nigeria Accra, Ghana Dakar, Senegal Cape Town, SA

$36 $41

$38

$60

Space Cost / sqft


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Cost of Power

Country

Power cost KWH

Lagos, Nigeria

$ 0.20

Accra, Ghana

$ 0.31

Dakar, Senegal

$0.42

Cape Town, SA

$ 0.48


$0.07

$0.12

$0.15

$0.17

Cost of Power /sqft per unit


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Cost of Cooling

Country Rate / sqft/unit

Lagos, Nigeria

$0.065/ft

Accra, Ghana

0.0115/ft

Dakar, Senegal

0.171/ft

Cape Town, SA

0.214/ft


0.065

0.115

0.171

0.214

Cooling Cost / sqft


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Total Cost


$36.44

$41.15 $37.44

$60.22

Total Cost /sq ft


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Country Nigeria Senegal South Africa Ghana

North America

1 1 4 3

Singapore 2 1 4 3

Sydney 2 1 4 3

Brazil 2 1 4 3

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Selection ResultsRanking the countries based on RTT


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Bandwidth

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Selection Results


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Total Space, Power and Cooling costs

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Selection Results


$36.44 $41.15

$37.44

$60.22

Total Cost /sq ft


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Network capability among the best and stable

High (5) submarine cables Cheapest power price per Kwh. Lowest total cost including space, power and

cooling. #1 Economy in the region. Largest number of Internet users, 49M. Stable politic system. Center of the region geographically

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Nigeria is Optimal Location


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Collecting data◦ Learn about IT in Africa.◦ Talk to students, IBM, HP, ISP providers, realtors◦ Language barrier.◦ Gathering real estate data◦ Conflicts data

Technical Challenges◦ Understanding cables systems◦ Track packets◦ Network tools◦ Web servers◦ Locating servers

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Lessons Learned


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Collect additional relevant data to select the best location of data center for a cloud provider.

The data gathered from latency, round trip time and bandwidth should be gained from relevant data center of a cloud provider in real world.

Examine ping and trace utility data multiple times in different times.

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Future Work


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Senegal, Nigeria, Ghana and South Africa are the ideal locations to host data center for cloud provider.

Nigeria has the most suitable features to host one. Africa has a good opportunity to host datacenter for

a cloud provide. Costs of datacenter may be vary from city to other

one.

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Conclusion


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Amazon Web Services. (2014). Global Infrastructure. Retrieved from http://aws.amazon.com/about-aws/globalinfrastructure/ Rath, John. DATA CENTER SITE SELECTION. Tech. N.p.: n.p., n.d. Print. "BlackSwan Zine." Data Center: 10 Places You Don’t Want to Build. Blackswanzine, 2010. Web. 2 Jan. 2014. [4] Chang, Shin-Jyh Frank, Susmit Harihar Patel, and James Marc Withers. "An optimization model to determine data center

locations for the army enterprise."Military Communications Conference, 2007. MILCOM 2007. IEEE. IEEE, 2007. [5] Hugos, M. H., & Hulitzky, D. (2011). Business in the cloud: What every business needs to know about cloud computing.

New York: Wiley. [6] Lanier, J. (2013). Who owns the future?. London: Allen Lane. [7] Wang, L. (2012). Cloud computing: Methodology, systems, and applications. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. [8] Agrawal, G. P. (2010). Fiber-optic communication systems (Vol. 222). John Wiley & Sons. [9] "How to Meet a Growing Need for More Data Center Capacity."Http://www.ibm.com/us/en/. IBM, Sept. 2012. Web. Oct.

2013. [10] Nozick, Linda K., and Mark A. Turnquist. "A two-echelon inventory allocation and distribution center location

analysis." Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review 37.6 (2001): 425-441. [11] Ebrahimi, Khosrow, Gerard F. Jones, and Amy S. Fleischer. "A review of data center cooling technology, operating

conditions and the corresponding low-grade waste heat recovery opportunities." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 31 (2014): 622-638.

[12] Zennaro, M., et al. "Scientific Measure of Africa's Connectivity." Information Technologies & International Development 3.1 (2006).

[13] Nozick, Linda K., and Mark A. Turnquist. "A two-echelon inventory allocation and distribution center location analysis." Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review 37.6 (2001): 425-441.

[14] Cloud Computing in Africa Situation and Perspectives. Tech. ITU, 20 Apr. 2012. Web. Feb.-Mar. 2014. [15] Data Center Map." - Colocation, Cloud, Managed Hosting Etc. N.p., n.d. Web. Mar. 2014.

<http://www.datacentermap.com/>. [16] Submarine Telecoms INDUSTRY REPORT. Rep. Terabit Consulting, 2013. Web. [17] African Studies Center, University of Pennsylvania. African Studies Center, University of Pennsylvania. Web. 15 Feb.

2014. [18] Pappa, Farrah. "The Do's and Dont's of Data Center Planning." The Do's and Dont's of Data Center Planning. Web. 15

Feb. 2014. [19] Map of Earthquakes Today." Map of Earthquakes Today. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Mar. 2014. [20] Earthquakes .Web. Feb. 2014. <Earthquake Hazards Program>.

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References


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[21] P&S. "Tsunami Strikes African Coast." Tsunami Strikes African Coast. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Mar. 2014. [22] "Nigeria Economy Set to Leapfrog South Africa on Data Revamp."Bloomberg.com. Bloomberg, 7 May

2014. Web. 11 Apr. 2014. [23] Nigeria. Official Website. Web. Feb. 2014. <http://www.nigeria.gov.ng/index.php>. [24] "Selecting A Data Center Site: Intel's Approach." N.p., Feb. 2014. Web. Feb. 2014.

<http://connectedsocialmedia.com/intel/7426/it-best-practices-data-center-site-selection/> [25] Selecting a Location for an HPC Data Centre. Tech. N.p.: n.p., 2013. Web.

<http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:http://www.prace-project.eu/IMG/pdf/hpc-centre-location-whitepaper-2.pdf>.

[26] "Africa’s International Bandwidth Growth to Lead the World." Africa's International Bandwidth Growth to Lead the World. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Mar. 2014.

[27] Hurricanes VS Tornadoes. Diffen, n.d. Web. Mar. 2014. [28] Parekh, Sanjay M., et al. "Systems and methods for determining collecting and using geographic

locations of Internet users." U.S. Patent No. 6,757,740. 29 Jun. 2004. [29] Nmap Free Security Scannar. Web. Jan. 2014. <http://nmap.org/>. [30] TATA, n.d. Web. Apr. 2014. <http://lg.as6453.net/bin/lg.cgi>. [31] Patel, Chandrakant D., and Amip J. Shah. "Cost model for planning, development and operation of a data

center." (2005). [32] "Nigeria Becomes Africa's Biggest Economy." BBC. N.p., 06 Apr. 2014. Web. 06 Apr. 2014.

<www.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fbusiness-26913497%E2%80%8E>. [33] "Cloud Uptake Set to Explode Across Africa." Cisco. Web. 26 Mar. 2014.

<http://www.cisco.com/web/ZA/press/2013/112813.html>. [34] Hanson, Stephanie. "Nigeria’s Creaky Political System." Council on Foreign Relations, Apr. 2007. Web.

<http://www.cfr.org/nigeria/nigerias-creaky-political-system/p13079>. [35] "Top 10 Internet Countries in Africa." PC Tech Magazine. N.p., Feb. 2014. Web. Apr. 2014.

<http://pctechmag.com/2014/02/top-10-internet-countries-in-africa/>. [36] "Political System." Wikipedia. Web. Mar. 2014. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_system>. [37] "GLOBAL BROADBAND." Netindex. N.p., n.d. Web. Feb. 2014. <www.netindex.com>. [38] McConnell, A., et al. "Selecting a Data C based Location."

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References


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ahmed alharthi april 25, 2014 uccs

Documents

public cloud senegal

geographic location

ahmed alharthiapril

west africa region

africa6number of data

intel considerations

hp considerations

communication network