Jeffrey LuongProfessor GouxAHS-0078/22/14

ROME MOVIE NOTES

Julius Caesar, assassinated in rome 44B.C.

- wanted so much power to himself, leading to assassination- wanted to be like alexander the great, go above and beyond- Tried to cross niles river- (almost 1000 ft wide, with unknown current)

Made engineers to create a bridge. Sustain weight of 40,000 soldiers

Foundation – wooden pile, foot In ahalf thick 30 ft tall from surface to bottom

Caesars engineers added extra stablility , drove the pilings in at an angleVery difficult to drive it into the wooden bed at an angle.Connected to a 2ft beamSurface finshed with tightly bundled sticks

- 10 days after ordering construction, Caesar marched across bridge towards his destiny

- terrorize the germans and beyond- Caestar estimated the force to be 10x his army

Germans fled to higher ground after seeing Caesars armyCaesar explored freely, and crossed back onto his bridge and dismantled it.Symbollically – nothing can hold rome back, can go anywhere especially Caesar.

Age 55, dictator for life, = whispers of assassinations within roman senate.

Death embodied absolute powerWhen Caesar was assassinated, showed Rome may dismantle

Rome would be the most technological place

Today in Rome, --- ancient and modern collide . Great history

Rumors 753 BC. Founded by two brothers, Remus was killed by Romeous

Rome was a safe haven for ambitious outcasts –homeless, open..Free exchange of ideas, engineering methods from other cultures

Rome expanded into regional power, technological past , take methods from there neighbors atruskins,

Kalika maxima, extensive sewer system still functioning today.Underground pipeline,

Built the forum, ancient downtown district.

312 B.c. Via Appia built, first national highway.Specializing instrument align dead straight.Challenge was over hills and mountains because so straight.

Trench with boulders and sand were the foundation

Augustus- roman emperor. 31B.C. – 14 A.D.Equipped with many roman ammentities, theatre, forum, ampitheatre, etc.Symbols of civilization, higher standards of living, where the money resided.

London, paris were testaments to rome

Waterproof concrete, mixed with volcanic sand (Pozulan sand?) , specially designed by roman engineers. Can build underwater.Can build enormous piers within the water, revolutionizing bridges.

200 gallons water aquaducts everyday in the city of Rome.Million of people could live cleanly and comfortably.

That’s why romans think they are superior, they are cleaner

Aquaducts built over centuries

Claudius main attribute to Rome’s waterUsed to be laughing stock, limp, hard of hearing, Ceased power when unlikely opportunity, most of the royal family murdered.Claudius was spared after cowering behind a curtain.Bribed the family, then became emperor.

Empire took steps forward with Claudius under reign.Build two major aquaducts, dramatically increased the flow of water into Rome

Roman engineered aquaducts at a gradual gradient, several inches , had to be consistent.Roman engineers dug perfectly angled through the mountainsPerfecting ancient engineering concept- the arch

Built through a temporary wood architecture, with stone.Aquaduct emptied into 3 thingsPublic fountains, reserves, and private fountains wealthy parts for the wealthy

Claudius loved his women and wives too much. Married his own niece. (Cleopatra of her age) Ambitious and kaniveal, Hungry for power.Phyiscal and political charm to achieve power.Seduced Claudius to make sure her son claudius’s heir. Claudius died Poisoned by mushroom

Her son ,Nero, was bad, suspect of arson fire.

Rome had a major fire, 10 of 14 regions attacked. Many died from smoke or fire itself. Apparently, he was fiddling watching the fire.

Rumor was he set the fire himself so he could build a palace.Nero blamed Christian, a new religious cult. And killed many.

Nero was relentless, served his old wife’s head to his new wife.

Anthropena’s thirst for power Nero sent his guards to kill his mother anthropena Anthropena told the guards to strike her in the womb where nero was bornNero developed illusions and ghosts of his mother.

Then nero created a pleasure palace, in the heart of the city, where the rich once had their homes.

Nero bled the provinces dry, demanded money from the rich, to build this palace.Nero’s golden house was built by the sweat and blood of forced labours from slaves.

Slave labour was significant in building of grand projects that define the essence of the imperial world.

Exploited roman architecture for his own self , his palace.

Huge villa, pastures with animals, gardens, center would be a manmade lake, vast 100 foot wing still survives today buried in rome.

The vaulted ceiling, was basically like an arch

Neros behavior was so far off the scale, he ultimately paid the price – months after moving into his new palace, overthrown by oppositions. Hunted by his own guardsNero slit his throat -69 A.D.Tried to get rid of any memories Of nero104 AD- Neros golden house was covered with dirt and rumble

Sinkhole then lead it back into history.

Rome was up for grabs. No heir to the thrown.

Power struggle between the high generals

Vespasian became the winner. Not of royal blood. 69-79 a.DVision of Anti-Nero. PracticalUsed engineers for the people.Draining the massive lake from NeroMade The colleseum transforming into a public space for the enjoyment of the public. Gladiators, spilling blood

12000 jewish were brought back to build the ampitheatre.8 yrs, to 160 ft tall.Tallest roman structure ever built. Center of romeSymbolize the power, wealth of ancient Rome

Encorporating two theatres into one,360 theatre.

70,000 romans shuffled in record time because of the many stairs and corridors.

Complex was created to control the crowds and also the comfortableness110 drinking fountainsRetractable roof for when it was hot80 A.D. collesum finished. Vespasian died a year before of natural causesTitus , son led the inaugural celebration.

For 100 days, they would go everyday, morning they would watch animals killed or people killed by animals, then exeecutions, then prime time evening gladiator fights.

Main events- live naval battles with battle shipsPossible to flood the stadium with a shadow depth of arena for naval battles. From an aquaduct to the arena

Drain pipes into the tiger river.

Cages for wild animals, condemned crimals,Trap doors into the arena, bathed in light and hear the yells and screams.Games were the ultimate spectacle.

Trajan - new emperor he was adopted 98-117 A.D.launched building campaign., built new public baths, fixed roads, He needed money to do so, launched military offensive to raise money .

Set off to conquer oacia, They surrended and they got tons of silver and gold.

Alleviate space for the congestion of the city.

Trajan Commissioned his own forum, bigger than all his predecessors, he had so much money. + engineersAPollodorus of damascus, greek architect desgined military bridges for Trajan during battles of Dacia

Architectural mastermind, Appaladorius ordered his workers to Carve out piece of a hill adjacent to the forum

Chipping away of 125 ft of elevation,

Spanish emperorer and greek Architect remade the capital.112 A.D finished Marble greek and Latin libraries, statues, cases tried, Monument, statues of Trajan. 125 ft marble column towered above the new construction still survives today.Spiraling relief story of trajans invasion of Dacia. TRAJANS COLUMN FReizeHeight of the hillTomb on the base, with columnToday statue of Trajan replaced with the pope from the RenassianceSpiraling from left to right, Continuous.Narrative from beginning to end.Represented 75 times, in every episode and scene, cant glorify Trajan more than this, his entire narration of his conquest depicting roman conqueror.“Some say Cartoon”Point of view told by the victors (The romans)

-CompositionA new victor emerging from the watersUsed technique during the war with Greece. Built a bridge by boats aligned floating , on top of the boats are the boards making a bridge. Pontoon bridge.They think the god of the river is holding the boats so the troops can pass ( Bottom piece)Porportion, tools, naturalism, weaponry, design in relief. Stunning work.

Stood for 700 yrs, earthquakes destroyed mostTrjanas market still stands today, 125 ft foot hill, Concave hemisicle, roman market. . 106-113 C.E.

Reinforced the hillside. 3 more levels above hemiscles, small shops to huge wallsFootwear to fine art sold in the markets. Enormouse materials from all over the roman world and possibly beyond

Market engineered for main street for the masses.

By 117 A.D. , emperor gained its biggest size.

Romes next emperor would build a barricade around rome.

Trajan no biological sons, adopted son Hadrian (accomplished military man)He knew they couldn’t maintain there expanded borders.Looking towards how to defend rather than take over new cities.

117 A.D. northern hemisphere freezing temperature and barbarian incursionsHadrian visited front lines, and started to tame them

Ambitious fortification Defensive wall across the entire country.Once towered 15 ft high, parapets additional 6 ft.9 ft ditch, 30 ft climb in order to go face to face with roman soldiersValum 125 ft wide ditch ran behind the wall. After the soldiers.Monstrous , reminding the world Rome’s superiority.

Romans largest stone fortification.3 legions 15-25,000 men, for carrying stone blocks to constructionsite.

every mile had a castle housed 60 troops, with 2 century towers.Along length of the walls , 17 super forts that could house 1000 soldiers.3-5 acres, assembly hall. Barracks, temple. Hospital, everything needed to sustain army.

Towns built around the forts to supply the roman troops.

5 yrs to complete the walls and improve discipline, for northern part.

126 a.d Hadrian returned to rome after 5 yr inspection on roman frontier, commission, and eliminate the most celebrated engineer

Hadrian wanted to leave his print in Rome. Like Augustus. Wanted his own Commissoned Pantheon, structure to the roman gods. 12 Deities Rotanda, capped by dome ceiling, was the heart of the pAntheon150 ft spand with no poles or support in the middle.18 centuries without support.Had to figure out how to transfer the weight from the middle to the sides.Solid base of walls 20ft thick for foundation for the ceilings.Lighter materials with cement, progressive lighter layer.Molded recess panels called coffers anesthetic purpose,, allow surface of the dome to be decorated and reduce amount of concrete.Not one crack in the structure.

Oculus. 30 ft hole in the center of the dome. Lights up the interior like the sun does the earth. Removes much stress from the unsupported ceiling.

Drove for perfection, almost achieved with still 1 thing10 ft too short front.

Mystery of who built the structure, the architect.Some say it was Hadrian himself, but no evidence.Another candidate could be apollodorus of Damascus

Hadrian ordered appolordious to die, died later of natural causes.

Roman empire remained dominant force, emperors and armies remained invincible with its draw dropping architecture.

Corrupt Garacalla, came up through murder.Garacalla and his brother, Galla hated each other, garacalla killed him first in front of their mother as well.

They erased his name .

Empire was back in the hands of a tyrant who ruled by fear. Places himself above man.Garacalla wanted to leave his legacy, prove himself worth of imperior power.Built a bath complex to cleanse his past sins. ~5 yearsWorkers worked overtime.Centered around hot and cold pools, country clubs open to people of every class.Listen to politics, unwind, workout, wrestle, Hot rooms, surrounded by magnificient structures and marble, .Were for the average roman citizens not just for the richest.

Garacalla determined to build most massive bath complex.Trimmed in gold and marble, floors covered with intricate mozaics.Open spaces had outdoor activities like sports.

Can hold 2000 romans at a timeGaracallas bath were an amazing success however his ruling was not.Hoped to leave his legacy through conquest.6 yr reign, stabbed to death by his own guards during an eastern campaign.

A Fire gutted the coliseum, but 20 yrs built again.Capitol crumbled because the aquaducts were destroyed12 milion to 12,000 population.