ai block course summer term 2012-1-29 v2
TRANSCRIPT
-
8/2/2019 AI Block Course Summer Term 2012-1-29 v2
1/26
Universitt des SaarlandesFR 6.2 Informatik
Campus E1 166041Saarbrcken
Tel.: (0681) 302-5252/2363Fax: (0681) 302-5341
E-mail: [email protected]: http://www.dfki.de/~wahlster
Wolfgang Wahlster
Course Summer Term 2012
Artificial Intelligence
-
8/2/2019 AI Block Course Summer Term 2012-1-29 v2
2/26
Artificial Intelligence (AI)
AI has: l goals of computational sciences and engineeringl goals of cognitive science
AI
Computational Sciences andEngineering
ComputerScience
BiosciencesPsychology
PhilosophyLinguistics
CognitiveScience
Artificial Intelligence: realize intelligent behavior and theunderlying cognitive abilities on computer systems.
-
8/2/2019 AI Block Course Summer Term 2012-1-29 v2
3/26
AugmentedReality
ImageUnderstanding
Robotics
Computers with Eyes, Ears and Common Sense
LanguageUnderstanding
Human-TechnologyCommunication
KnowledgeManagement
3D Graphics &Visualization
Security/Verification
IntelligentSoftwareSystems
-
8/2/2019 AI Block Course Summer Term 2012-1-29 v2
4/26
The Turing Test
Alan Turing (1950) "Computing machinery and intelligence
"Can machines think?" "Can machines behave intelligently ?
Operational test for intelligent behavior: the Imitation Game
Predicted that by 2000, a machine might have a 30% chance of fooling alay person for 5 minutes
Suggested major components of AI: knowledge, reasoning, languageunderstanding, learning
1954 100 th Birthday
4
-
8/2/2019 AI Block Course Summer Term 2012-1-29 v2
5/26
Cognitive Agents
An cognitive agent is an
entity that perceives andacts
The agent function maps from percepthistories to actions:[f : P* A ]
Agent in Physical World = Robot Agent in Virtual World = Softbot
-
8/2/2019 AI Block Course Summer Term 2012-1-29 v2
6/26
BUT! strategies based less on humanchess strategies than on fast
searchAI system
beatsWorld Chess Champion
BUT! through the desert and notthrough realistic urban traffic
BUT! only for meeting scheduling andtravel planning
Deep Blue / Deep Junior1997
AI systemunderstands and
translates phone call
AI systemdrives an
unmanned car
Verbmobil / C-STAR2001
Stanley / VW Touareg2005
Three
major challenges
Breakthroughs within the research field ofArtificial Intelligence
-
8/2/2019 AI Block Course Summer Term 2012-1-29 v2
7/26
autonomous
proactive
adaptive
self-explanatory
fault-tolerant
self-optimizing
self-learning
goal-oriented
flexible
cooperative
Key Featuresof Intelligent
Systems
Features of Intelligent IT Systems in the Spirit ofArtificial Intelligence
-
8/2/2019 AI Block Course Summer Term 2012-1-29 v2
8/26
Core Areas and Applications of AINatural
LanguageUnderstanding
Systems
ImageUnderstanding
Systems
ExpertSystems Robotics
Multi-agent
Systems
IntelligentTutoringSystems
IntelligentHelp
Systems
IntelligentUser
Interfaces
Subsymbolic ProcessingSignal2Symbol Transformation
Knowledge Representation
Knowledge Processing- Search- Inference- Learning
Knowledge Presentation
AI Programming Methods
AI Programming Languages
A I T o
o l s
A I H a r
d w a r e
-
8/2/2019 AI Block Course Summer Term 2012-1-29 v2
9/26 9
From Data to Meta Knowledge
Information KnowledgeMeta-
Knowledge
Interpreteddata
Use ofinformation
Availability ofknowledge
DataMining
Information
extraction
Knowledge
RepresentationKnowledge
Management
ITsupport
Data
-
8/2/2019 AI Block Course Summer Term 2012-1-29 v2
10/26
DFKI Operates Five Large-Scale IntelligentEnvironments as Living Labs
10
-
8/2/2019 AI Block Course Summer Term 2012-1-29 v2
11/26
DFKI Heads of Research Labs
Associated ProfessorsHeads of Research Groups /Living Lab Leaders at DFKI
Prof. Felix Sasaki
Prof.Rolf Drechsler
Prof. Joachim Hertzberg
Prof.Dieter Hutter
Prof. Anthony Jameson
Prof. Klaus-Dieter Althoff
Prof.Philipp Slusallek
Prof.Hans Uszkoreit
Prof.Wolfgang Wahlster
Prof.
BerndKrieg-Brckner
Prof.
Andreas Dengel
Prof.Frank Kirchner
Prof.
Didier Stricker
Prof.Detlef Zhlke
Prof.Peter Loos
Prof.Antonio Krger
Prof.Paul Lukowicz
Currently 17 Professors of Different StatusAre Working for the DFKI
Prof.Hans D. Schotten
Prof.Stephan Busemann
11
l f l d d d
-
8/2/2019 AI Block Course Summer Term 2012-1-29 v2
12/26
Smart Truck :Context sensitive route planningfor optimized pickup and delivery
deployed since 2011
Intelligent ProductLocator: finding
shelfs in large malls
deployed since 2011
BMWMotorcycle R 1200 RTHaptic media control iDrive
function
deployed since 2010
Agender : Automatic age and genderclassification and corresponding
call routing in call centers
deployed since 2010
MasDISPO :
Agent-based production planning inthe melting shop as a web service
deployed since 2011
Retail Malls
MotorcycleProduction
Tele-communicationsCompany
A Selection of Deployed Products and Service InnovationsBased on DFKIs Research Results
12
DFKI is the Onl Germ n Instit te for Comp ter Science to
-
8/2/2019 AI Block Course Summer Term 2012-1-29 v2
13/26
DFKI is the Only German Institute for Computer Science toParticipate in Each of the Three Leading-Edge Research Clusters:Local, National and EuropeanThree Leading-Edge Clusters
EU Elite InstitutKIC for Computer Science EIT ICT LabsBerlin , Darmstadt, Karlsruhe,Munich, Saarbrcken ,Paris, Stockholm, Helsinki and Eindhoven
BMBF Leading-Edge ClusterSoftware Innovations for the DigitalEnterpriseDarmstadt, Kaiserlautern , Karlsruhe andSaarbrcken
DFG Cluster of ExcellenceSaarbrcken
13
The Future Internet as the Basis for Digital
-
8/2/2019 AI Block Course Summer Term 2012-1-29 v2
14/26
InternetofThings
3D Internet
InternetofServicesSemantic
Web
Multimodal Interaction Technologies
Trusted Cloud
Broadband Communication
The Future Internet as the Basis for DigitalLifestyles
14
DFKI EO A R b i C i h Ad bl
-
8/2/2019 AI Block Course Summer Term 2012-1-29 v2
15/26
DFKIs EO: A Robotic Car with AdaptableMorphology
15
The B Human Team of DFKI was three times World
-
8/2/2019 AI Block Course Summer Term 2012-1-29 v2
16/26
The B-Human Team of DFKI was three times WorldChampion and four times European Champion inRoboCup. As humanoid, autonomous robots on the standard platform NAO, B-Human has a
goal difference of 267:8 and has never lost a game.
After each tournament the software of the B-Human robots becomes publiclyavailable. Nevertheless none of the twelve competing teams could turn this into anadvantage and win against B-Human during the last European Championship inMagdeburg 2011. During the game against the UK-Team the mercy rule wasapplied after B-Human was leading 10:0.
16
-
8/2/2019 AI Block Course Summer Term 2012-1-29 v2
17/26
DFKIs RoboCup-Team B-Human
17
Towards Embedded AI in the Internet of Things
-
8/2/2019 AI Block Course Summer Term 2012-1-29 v2
18/26
18
Towards Embedded AI in the Internet of Things
90% of all
computers areembedded andinvisible
5) Intelligent Environments
4) Embedded Computers
3) Smart PhoneSmart Card, nPA
Zeit2000 202019801960
Smart City
1) Central Computer
2) PC, Notebook
1 ComputerMany Users 1 Computer
1 User
1 UserMany ComputersM2M Communication
1941
d i s t r i b
u t i
o n
AI-Completeness: The difficulty of simulating a single
-
8/2/2019 AI Block Course Summer Term 2012-1-29 v2
19/26
19
AutomaticSpeechTranslation
ProblemSolving
ImageUnderstanding
Reasoning
Learning KnowledgeRepresentation
ActionPlanning
is AI-complete
AI Completeness: The difficulty of simulating a singlecognitive ability = to solving the central AI problem
Example
in analogy toNP-Completeness
A Comparison of Information Processing Performance:
-
8/2/2019 AI Block Course Summer Term 2012-1-29 v2
20/26
20
A Comparison of Information Processing Performance:Human vs. Computer
10 11 neurons
10 10 bit/sec.
40 bit/sec.
costs: ~ 10.000 $ for food costs: ~ 2.000.000 $per year for electricity
65.536 processors
183.500 gigaflops (10 9)
?Semantics
IBM Blue Gene/L
The Spectrum of Human Perception
-
8/2/2019 AI Block Course Summer Term 2012-1-29 v2
21/26
21
SensorySystem
Vision
Hearing
Kinesthetic
Taste
Smell
The Spectrum of Human Perception
10.000.000
100.000
1.000.000
1.000
100.000
Neuronal Bandwith(bit/sec.)
40
30
5
1
1
Consciously PerceivedBandwith (bit/sec.)
adapted from: R. Kay 2001
AI as a Basis for Mutimodal Interaction in Intelligent
-
8/2/2019 AI Block Course Summer Term 2012-1-29 v2
22/26
AI as a Basis for Mutimodal Interaction in IntelligentUser Interfaces
SpeechGraphics
Gesture
MultimodalInteraction
Facial ExpressionBody Language
Biometrics:Eye Gaze
Physical Action
22
The Need for Hybrid AI Systems
-
8/2/2019 AI Block Course Summer Term 2012-1-29 v2
23/26
23
The Need for Hybrid AI Systems
Hybrid AI System
Symbolic Level
- Semantic Networks- Rule-Based Techniques- Constraint-Based Techniques
Subsymbolic Level - Neural Nets
- Genetic Algorithms- Fuzzy Control
l Driving the car according to traffic rulesand given goal
l Explainable knowledge-intensive highercognitive processes
l Less critical with regard to timing andinterference
Example: Driving a car
l Keep vehicle on the roadl Unexplainable, unconscious
senso-motoric processesl Very fast, robust processing
Biohybride Implants und Exoskeletons
-
8/2/2019 AI Block Course Summer Term 2012-1-29 v2
24/26
24
Biohybride Implants und Exoskeletons
Retina Implant (3x3 mm chip)Retinis Pigmentosa
Bleex-Exoskeleton
CochlearImplant
Asguard (DFKI): An Outdoor Security Robot for Difficult
-
8/2/2019 AI Block Course Summer Term 2012-1-29 v2
25/26
Asguard (DFKI): An Outdoor Security Robot for DifficultTerrain
25
The Most Important Upcoming AI Conferences
-
8/2/2019 AI Block Course Summer Term 2012-1-29 v2
26/26
The Most Important Upcoming AI Conferences
26
World Conference:
IJCAI : International Joint Conference on AI (23: 2013 Beijing, China), every 2years
Europe:
ECAI: European Conference on AI (20: 2012 Montpellier, France), every 2 years
US:
AAAI: Association for the Advancement of AI (26: 2012 Toronto, Canada)
Asia and Pacific Rim:
PRICAI: Pacific Rim Conference on AI (11: 2010, Kuching, Malaysia), every 2years
Germany:
KI: German Conference on AI (35: 2012 Saarbrcken)24-27 September 2012