AIDS TO VOCABULARY

DEVELOPMENTGroup 12

The members are :

YashintaJunitaDesi nofatmawatiAndi

Contextual analysis is usefull because sometimes we can use context clues to figure out the meaning of an unfamiliar word they come across in their reading. Remind them that context clues are the words, phrases, and sentences surrounding an unfamiliar word that can give hints or clues to its meaning. Caution students that although these clues can prove to be helpful, they can sometimes be misleading

Using contextual

aids

Examples of

contextual Analysis TEST A : WORDS WITHOUT CONTEXT

Directions : For each item choose the word that is closest in meaning to the first word . Circle the letter of your answer .1. Audacity

a. Patienceb. Boldnessc. Good sensed. Courtesye. Understanding

2. Disparaginga. Encouragingb. Questioningc. Sincered. Logicale. Belittling

Examples of contextual

analysisTEST B : WORDS IN CONTEXT

Directions : For each item choose the word that is closest in meaning to the underlined word . Circle the letter of your answer .1. The woman had the audacity to return the dress

to the store after wearing it several timea. Patienceb. Boldnessc. Good sensed. Courtesye. Understanding

2. Despite her husband’s disparaging remarks , the woman persisted in her afforts to find a full-time job .a. Encouragingb. Questioningc. Sincered. Logicale. Belittling

Contextual Analysis

1. Definition clues

2. Example clues

3. Contrast clues

4. Inference clues

1. Definition

clues

Many times a writer directly or indirectly defines a word immediately following its use . Usually , the writer does this when he / she suspects that some readers may be unfamiliar with the new term or concept . Sometimes a writer will include a formal definition of the type you might find in a dictionary . In these case , the meaning of the word will be stated directly . At other times , writer may informally restate the idea or offer the synonym , a word that means the same thing .

Examples of definition clues

Formal definition 1. Hurology is the science of measuring time2. Induction refers to the proccess of reasoning from the

known to the unknown

Indirect definition 3. Hypochondria , excessive worry over one’s health ,

afflicts many Americans over forty4. There was a consensus , or agreement among the

faculty to require one term paper for each course 5. Reffering to the ability to “see” without using the

normal sensory organs , clairvoyance is under study at the phychic Research Center

6. Middle age (thirty-five years to sixty-five years) is a time for strengthening and maintaining life goals .

2. Example

cluesA second way to determine the meaning of an unknown word is to look for example that explain or clarify it .There are many transition signal of example clues :

Such as Including For example For instance To illustrate

Examples of example clues

1. Toxie materials, such as arsenic , asbestos , pesticides , and lead , can cause permanent bodily damage .

2. Unconditioned responses , including heartbeat , blinking , and breathing , occur naturally in all humans .

3. Contrast clues It is sometimes possible to determine the

meaning of an unknown word from a word or phrase in the context that has an opposite meaning . Notice , in the following sentence , how a word opposite in meaning from the boldface word provides a clue to its meaning.There are many transition signals : Even thoughAlthoughOn the other hand HoweverDespite RatherWhileYetNevertheless

Examples of contrast clues

1. I loathe cats even though most of my friends love them

2. Although the cottage appeared derelict , we discovered that a family lived there on weekends

3. Pete , through long hours of study , successfully passed the exam ; on the other hand , Sam’s efforts were futile

4. Inference clues

Many times you can determine the meaning of a word you do not know by guessing of figuring it out . This proccess is called “ drawing an inference” . From the information that is given in the context you can infer the meaning the meaning of a word you aren’t familiar with .

Examples of inference clues

1. My father is a versatile man ; he is a successful businessman , sportsunan , author , and sports car mechanic

2. At the age of seventy-seven , Mr.George was still playing a skillful game of tennis . He jogged four miles his daily swim . For a man of his age he was extremely robust .

ANALYZING

WORD CLUESMany words in the english language are made up of word parts

called prefix , root , and suffix . You might think of these as the beginning , middle , and ending of a word .These word parts have spesific meanings and when added together can provide strong clues to the meanings of a particular word . Before you begin to use them , you must know that :1. Words don’t always have a prefix and a suffix2. Roots may vary in spelling when they are combined with

certain prefixes3. Some roots are commonly found at the beginnings of words ,

other at the end , while still others can be found in either position .

4. Words can have more than one prefix , root , or suffuxes .

Prefixes

Prefixes are added to the beginning of an existing word in order to create a new word with a different meaning. For

example:

word prefix new word

happy un- unhappy

cultural multi- multicultural

work over- overwork

space cyber- cyberspace

market super- supermarket

Suffixes

Suffixes are added to the end of an existing word. For example:

word suffix new word

child -ish childish

work -er worker

taste -less tasteless

idol -ize/-ise idolize/idolise

like -able likeable

Root

A root, as its name suggests, is a word or word part from which other words grow, usually through the addition of prefixes and suffixes. The root of the word vocabulary, for example, is voc, a Latin root meaning "word" or "name." This root also appears in the words advocacy, convocation, evocative, vocal, and vociferous.

ROOT MEANING EXAMPLES

-ast(er)-(G) star asteroid, astronomy

-audi- (L) hear audible, audience

-auto- (G) self automatic, autopsy

-bene- (L) good benefit, benign

-bio- (G) life biography, biology

-chrono- (G) time chronic, synchronize

-dict- (L) say dictate, diction

-duc- (L) lead, make deduce, produce

-gen- (L) give birth gene, generate

-geo- (G) earth geography, geology

-graph- (G) write autograph, graph

-jur-, -jus- (L) law jury, justice

-log-, -logue- (L) thought logic, obloquy-luc- (L) light lucid, translucent

-man(u)- (L) hand manual, manure-mand-, -mend- (L) order demand, recommend

-mis-, -mit- (L) send missile, transmission-omni- (L) all omnivorous-path- (G) feel empathy, pathetic-phil- (G) love philosophy, bibliophile

-phon- (G) sound phonics, telephone-photo- (G) light photograph, photon-port- (L) carry export, portable

-qui(t)- (L) quiet, rest acquit, tranquil-scrib-, -script- (L) write ascribe, script-sens-, -sent- (L) feel resent, sensitive

-tele- (G) far off telecast, telephone-terr- (L) earth terrain, territory-vac- (L) empty evacuate, vacate

-vid-, -vis- (L) see visible, video

Thank you for your attention

And Good evening