Aim: How are carbon compounds named and drawn?

•Organic compounds contain carbon atoms, which bond to one another in chains, rings, and networks to form a variety of structures. •Organic compounds can be named using the IUPAC system.

•Hydrocarbons are compounds that contain only carbon and hydrogen.

Aim: How are carbon compounds named and drawn?

Do now: Define:• Molecular formula-• Structural formula-• Condensed formula-

Aim: How are carbon compounds named and drawn?

Allotrope- forms of a an element differing in either bonding or structure; [remember diamond (network solid) and graphite?]

• Variety of carbon containing compounds with diverse properties:

1. Strong bonds between carbon2. Low reactivity3. Geometry

Aim: How are carbon compounds named and drawn?

• Organic compounds include proteins, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, lipids, and plastics.

• Alkane-hydrocarbon with only single bonds• Isomers-compounds with the same number

and types of atoms but differing geometric arrangements.

Aim: How are carbon compounds named and drawn?

• Saturated hydrocarbons contain only single carbon-carbon bonds.

• Unsaturated hydrocarbons contain at least one multiple carbon-carbon bond.

• In a multiple covalent bond, more than one pair of electrons are shared between two atoms. Unsaturated organic compounds contain at least one double or triple bond.

Aim: How to recognize organic compounds with functional groups?

• Organic acids, alcohols, esters, aldehydes, ketones, ethers, halides, amines, amides, and amino acids are categories of organic compounds that differ in their structures.

• Functional groups impart distinctive physical and chemical properties to organic compounds.

• Isomers of organic compounds have the same molecular formula, but different structures and properties.

Aim: How to recognize organic compounds with functional groups?

Halides- When a halogen replaces a hydrogen.Alcohol- When and –OH group (hydroxyl)

replaces a hydrogen.• Primary-OH at end of chain;• Secondary-OH attached to secondary

carbon; • Tertiary-OH attached to tertiary carbon. Also there are dihydroxy and trihydroxy alcohols.

Aim: How to recognize organic compounds with functional groups?

• Aldehyde-When oxygen atom attached to end carbon by a double bond (-C=O) -ends in “al”

formaldehyde is a preservative.• Ketone-when carbonyl group (-C=O) is on

interior carbon atom; –ends in “one”; Quite polar so used as solvents

• Ether-two carbon chains bonded together between two carbon atoms.

Aim: How to recognize organic compounds with functional groups?

• Organic acids- have –COOH (carboxyl group); ends in “oic acid” Weak electrolytes.

• Esters- product of reaction between an organic acid and an alcohol. Strong fragrant odors ; associate with pineapples, bananas, wintergreen and oranges.

Aim: How to recognize organic compounds with functional groups?

• Amines-derivative of ammonia; ends in amine.

• Amino acids- have -COOH AND Nitrogen.• Amide- product of condenstion reaction

between two amino acids. Contain Nitrogen.

Aim: How are carbon compounds named and drawn?

• Explain the properties of materials in terms of the arrangement and properties of the atoms that compose them.

• identify organic reactions.