Aim: How did the conflict between Muslims and Hindus impact the creation of Pakistan?Aim: How did the conflict between Muslims and Hindus impact the creation of Pakistan?Do Now: Ethnic relations at Grover Cleveland.Do Now: Ethnic relations at Grover Cleveland.

AIM/Goal:AIM/Goal: How did the conflict between How did the conflict between Muslims and Hindus impact the creation of Muslims and Hindus impact the creation of

Pakistan? Pakistan?

DO NOW:DO NOW: Explain how you think the ethnic Explain how you think the ethnic groups of Grover Cleveland High School get groups of Grover Cleveland High School get along? How do you think they get along on along? How do you think they get along on a larger scale (Within Long Island, or within a larger scale (Within Long Island, or within

the state) ?the state) ?

HWHW: Can there be both peace & : Can there be both peace & nationalism? Write a paragraph explaining nationalism? Write a paragraph explaining

your opinion.your opinion.

A Movement Towards A Movement Towards IndependenceIndependence

►1940’s - 1940’s - Two main religionsTwo main religions – Muslim – Muslim (100 million people) and Hindu (340 (100 million people) and Hindu (340 million people) million people)

►Congress Party – India’s national party. Congress Party – India’s national party. Mostly Hindu peopleMostly Hindu people

►Muslim League – Mostly Muslim. Muslim League – Mostly Muslim. ►Leader = Muhammad Ali Jinnah “The only Leader = Muhammad Ali Jinnah “The only

thing the Muslim’s have in common with the thing the Muslim’s have in common with the Hindu’s are slavery and the British.”Hindu’s are slavery and the British.”

►Muslim league would not accept India’s Muslim league would not accept India’s independence if it meant that it would be independence if it meant that it would be ruled by the Hindu Congress Party.ruled by the Hindu Congress Party.

Freedom Brings TurmoilFreedom Brings Turmoil► After WWII, British were ready to give power After WWII, British were ready to give power

over to someone, but who? over to someone, but who? ► 1946-48 - Riots broke out everywhere, over 1946-48 - Riots broke out everywhere, over

5,000 people killed. 5,000 people killed. ► Gandhi was opposed to any plan that Gandhi was opposed to any plan that

partitioned (divided) India into two separate partitioned (divided) India into two separate countries countries

► The partition was approved as the only way to The partition was approved as the only way to prevent a wide-scale Hindu-Muslim civil war. prevent a wide-scale Hindu-Muslim civil war.

► 1947 – 1 million people died during the 1947 – 1 million people died during the “move”. “move”.

IndependenceIndependence

►What is the main What is the main message of this message of this political cartoon?political cartoon?

►How did How did independence independence impact India?impact India?

Battle for KashmirBattle for Kashmir

► Located at Northern point o f India.Located at Northern point o f India.►Ruler was Hindu, but MAJOR Muslim Ruler was Hindu, but MAJOR Muslim

population.population.► India and Pakistan battle for control of India and Pakistan battle for control of

India’s Kashmir. India’s Kashmir. ►1949 – U.N. makes it 1/3 Pakistani, 2/3 1949 – U.N. makes it 1/3 Pakistani, 2/3

Indian owned.Indian owned.►Still fighting over Kashmir today.Still fighting over Kashmir today.

Modern IndiaModern India

► Independence: August 15th, 1947Independence: August 15th, 1947► Jawahatel NehruJawahatel Nehru – First Prime Minister of – First Prime Minister of

India. (17 years) India. (17 years) Emphasized Democracy, Unity and Emphasized Democracy, Unity and

Modernization.Modernization. Dies 1964, and 1966 Dies 1964, and 1966 Indira GandhiIndira Gandhi takes takes

over. (his daughter) over. (his daughter) Challenges Include: Sikh Extremists who Challenges Include: Sikh Extremists who

attack Indian symbols of authority. attack Indian symbols of authority. Eventually she was assassinatedEventually she was assassinated

India & Pakistani Nuclear India & Pakistani Nuclear CapabilityCapability

►1974– India worked on building peaceful 1974– India worked on building peaceful device. device.

►1998 – India does 5 underground 1998 – India does 5 underground nuclear testsnuclear tests

► Pakistan does the samePakistan does the same► This creates great concern that both This creates great concern that both

countries have nuclear weapons, countries have nuclear weapons, especially in light of their continuing especially in light of their continuing struggle with Kashmir. struggle with Kashmir.

Pakistan FreedomPakistan Freedom

► Was divided into East and West Pakistan.Was divided into East and West Pakistan.► East Pakistan = Larger population, ignored by West East Pakistan = Larger population, ignored by West

Pakistan. Pakistan. ► Tidal Wave strikes East Pakistan and West Pakistan Tidal Wave strikes East Pakistan and West Pakistan

does not quickly send money. does not quickly send money. ► 1971 – East Pakistan declares independence and 1971 – East Pakistan declares independence and

renames itself “BANGLADESH”. renames itself “BANGLADESH”. ► Bangladesh and Pakistan have a civil war. (India Bangladesh and Pakistan have a civil war. (India

comes in to side with Bangladesh) comes in to side with Bangladesh) ► Many leaders came in at different times to govern Many leaders came in at different times to govern

Pakistan. It became a very instable country. Pakistan. It became a very instable country. ► Benazir Bhutto – 2x Elected Prime Minister ofBenazir Bhutto – 2x Elected Prime Minister of Pakistan, Removed 1996. Pakistan, Removed 1996.