Aim: How did the United States handle foreign affairs in Asia?

Do NowRead the note sheet.

Answer the questions.Copy down the HW.

Objectives

• Students will be able to understand how and why the United States grew during the 19th Century.

• Students will be able to recognize that American territorial growth had widespread economic, political and social impacts both home and abroad.

• To understand the relative importance of American domestic and foreign policies over time.

3. Foreign Affairs in the Pacific and Asia

• The Spanish-American War greatly changed the position of the United States in world affairs.

• By the start of the 20th Century, the United States had its own empire as a result of the war.

• This allowed the United States to have an interest in foreign affairs, especially in the Pacific and Asia.

Question 1

• Which event changed the position of the United States in world affairs?

• How did the United States use this new found power?

• The United States’ position changed as a result of the Spanish-American War; they became an empire. As a result, they began to interfere in the foreign affairs of nations in the Pacific and Asia.

3.1 The Philippines

• The people of the Philippines believed that the United States would give the people of the Philippines independence following the war.

• There were some in the United States who believed that the people of the Philippines deserved their independence.

• However, the President of the United States, William McKinley, did not grant the Philippines independence.

• They did the next best thing….THEY REVOLTED!!!

• Led by their George Washington, Emilio Aguinaldo, the Filipinos revolted against American rule, just as they revolted against the Spanish in 1896.

• Aguinaldo established a government and declared the Philippines to be independent of Spain in 1898.

• Fighting between the US and the Filipinos began soon after the end of the war when a Filipino citizen was killed by an American soldier.

• The conflict cost the United States $600 million and 70,000 soldiers were killed in ending the revolt.

• On July 4, 1901, McKinley appointed Judge William Howard Taft to be the first civil governor of the Philippines.

• Taft studied the political situation of the Philippines and established a representative bicameral (two house) government like the United States Congress.

• The Americans served as the Upper House while the Filipinos elected members of the lower house.

Question #2

• Who led the revolt by the Filipinos?

• The Filipino revolt was led by Emilio Aguinaldo.

Question #3

• Who headed the first civil government in the Philippines? How did the create the first civil government in the Philippines?

• William Howard Taft would be the first civil governor of the Philippines. He established a legislature based on the two house system of government in the United States.

Question #4

• The situation that arose in the Philippines is most similar to America’s situation in which nation today?

• Iraq

Political Cartoon-McKinley’s PowerThe most interesting point of the cartoon ishow McKinley’s foot iswedged firmly againstthe Filipino’s neck.

Also notice how the cartoon portrays the Filipino asa savage.

Emilio Aguinaldo

Leader of the Leader of the FilipinoFilipinoUprising.Uprising.

July 4, 1946:July 4, 1946:Philippine Philippine independenceindependence

William Howard Taft

This began Taft’s rise to power. From thePhilippines to the White House.

This is from 1901.

3.2 China

• One reason to why the United States wanted to keep the Philippines was to have territory close to China.

• China was rich in natural resources and its large population offered a big market for American goods and products.

• China was also unstable in that constant fighting among the Chinese made their government weak.

• Since China had no real government, they were unable to keep the nations of Western Europe out.

• These nations claimed parts of China as their own sphere of influence, which is defined as their area of trade.

• Each nation wished to keep their own sphere of influence by keeping the other nations out of the area.

Question #5

• Why were foreign nations interested in China?

• China was an area that was rich in natural resources while the population of China was a large market for their goods and products.

• Within a few years, there were trading conflicts in China.

• The United States was afraid they were not going to lose out on the trade in China.

• The British were concerned that the Japanese were becoming too strong in the region.

• The British wanted to convince the United States to get all nations to back equal trading rights in China.

• In 1899, the United States Secretary of State, John Hay sent a note to the major European nations and Japan speaking of an Open Door Policy.

• The Open Door Policy was a policy designed to create fair trading rules and regulations for the Japanese, European and American businesses established in China.

• This policy was established and signed in 1900.

• The Chinese reaction to the Open Door Policy was one of anger.

• The Chinese did not like this westernization and wanted the members of the western nations to leave at once.

• In 1901, a group of Chinese students called the Boxers, led an effort to remove westerners from the nation.

• The United States believed that the other nations would use the Boxer Rebellion to divide up China.

• In 1900, the United States issued a second Open Door note preserving China as one nation and not a nation carved into spheres of influence.

• Soon after, the Boxer Rebellion was ended.

Question #6

• What was Hay’s Open Door Policy?

• A policy by which the United States, the nations of Western Europe and Japan would respect each nations right to trade equally in China.

Question #7

• What was the Boxer Rebellion?

• The Boxer Rebellion was the Chinese reaction to the Open Door Policy. The Boxers were against western influence and tried to remove them from China.

Question #8

• What was expressed in the second Open Door note?

• That the United States would respect China as one nation and not as a nation carved into spheres of influence.

The Boxer Rebellion

The Peaceful Harmonious The Peaceful Harmonious Fists.Fists.““55 Days at Peking.”55 Days at Peking.”

The Open Door Policy

Secretary Secretary John HayJohn Hay..Give all nations equalGive all nations equalaccess to trade in China.access to trade in China.Guaranteed that China would NOT be taken Guaranteed that China would NOT be taken over by any one foreign power.over by any one foreign power.

3.3 Japan

• Japan was important to the Open Door Policy.• After Matthew Perry opened Japan to trade, the

Japanese began to industrialize and modernize their economy.

• Japan, just as the western nations of Europe and the United States did, began to carve a sphere of influence in Asia.

• In 1904, Japan and Russia fought the Russo-Japanese War when disputes broke out between the two nations in Manchuria.

• The United States believed the winner of this war would gain a bigger piece of China and would threaten the US sphere of influence, so the US asked both nations to respect the Open Door Policy, both nations refused.

• By 1905, the Japanese asked President Roosevelt to end the war. Theodore Roosevelt was able to make both nations sign the Treaty of Portsmouth.

• The Japanese were angered by the terms of the Treaty of Portsmouth.

• Soon after, the relations between these two nations grew worse and worse thus leading the US into WW2 some 35 years after the Treaty of Portsmouth.

Question 9

• Why was Japan important to the Open Door Policy?

• Because the United States saw Japan as a trading partner in Asia.

Question 10

• Who played an important role in settling the Russo-Japanese War?

• Theodore Roosevelt