Aim: How does the nervous system communicate with other body systems?

HW 19 Text chapter 35

Pg 897 vocabulary

Pg 900 Q#1 to 4

Axon terminals

Myelin sheath

Nodes

Cell body

Axon

Nucleus

Dendrites

Section 35-2

A Neuron

Neuron

Structure Function

Neuron to Neuron communication

At the leading edge of the impulse, the sodium gates open. The membrane becomes more permeable to Na+ ions and an action potential occurs.

As the action potential passes, potassium gates open, allowing K+ ions to flow out.

The action potential continues to move along the axon in the direction of the nerve impulse.

At rest.

Action Potential

Action Potential

Section 35-2

Figure 35-7 An Impulse

Action Potential

Nerve Impulse

Vesicle

Axon

Axon terminal

Synaptic cleft

Neurotransmitter

Receptor

Dendrite of adjacent neuron

Direction of Impulse

Section 35-2

Figure 35-8 The Synapse

The Synapse

When an impulse reaches the end of one

neuron, neurotransmitters are

released into the synaptic cleft

Neurons in the brain also communicate with chemicals

Serotonin, Histamine, Dopamine, Norepinephrine and Epinephrine

Pons

Pituitary gland

Hypothalamus

Cerebrum

Medulla oblongata Spinal cord

Cerebellum

Pineal gland

Thalamus

Figure 35-9 The Brain

Central Nervous System – Brain and Spinal Cord

Interneuron (relay neuron):Relays message from sensory neuron to motor neuron Make up the brain and spinal cord

Spinal nerve

Central canalGray matter

White matter

Meninges

Section 35-3

Figure 35-11 The Spinal Cord

Spinal Cord

Autonomic Nervous System

Controls the functions of the body that are not under conscious control

PET SCAN or MRI

• As you read this passage quietly to yourself, certain parts of your brain are working to try to make sense of different aspects of the information contained in this text. We can actually take a picture of the activity in the brain as its owner engages in certain behaviors and the picture tells us what parts of the brain are most active during that behavior. The outer surface of the brain (called the Neocortex) is functionally divided into four lobes - the frontal lobe at the front of the head, the occipital lobe at the back of the head, the temporal lobe on the side, and the parietal lobe on the top.

Brain Activity

• With a PET scan, radioactive glucose is injected into the blood stream. The most active neurons absorb more of the radioactive glucose, so it is easy to take a picture of the brain's activity during different tasks.

Cerebrum

• Frontal Lobe- associated with reasoning, planning, parts of speech, movement, emotions, and problem solving

• Parietal Lobe- associated with movement, orientation, recognition, perception of stimuli

• Occipital Lobe- associated with visual processing

• Temporal Lobe- associated with perception and recognition of auditory stimuli, memory, and speech

Cerebellum

• The cerebellum, or "little brain", is similar to the cerebrum in that it has two hemispheres and has a highly folded surface or cortex. This structure is associated with regulation and coordination of movement, posture, and balance

Limbic System: The limbic system, often referred to as the "emotional brain", is found buried within the

cerebrum.

• Thalamus • Hypothalamus • Amygdala • Hippocampus

• Brain Structures and Their Functions

Brain Stem

This structure is responsible for basic vital life functions such as breathing, heartbeat, and blood pressure.

Midbrain

Pons

Medulla

• Brain Structures and Their Functions

Respiratory System Digestive System Excretory System

Endocrine System Reproductive System Lymphatic System

Section 35-1

Figure 35-2 Human Organ Systems Part 2In what ways does the nervous system interact with the other systems below ?