aim of this presentation introduce the important components of the autoimmune diseases. ...
TRANSCRIPT
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AIM OF THIS PRESENTATION
Introduce the important components of the Autoimmune Diseases.
Demonstrate what happens when things go wrong & the body turns against itself (Autoimmunity)
Provide examples of Autoimmune Disease Such as Graves ,Rheumatology.
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OVER VIEW OF THE PRESENTATION
TOPICS COVERED AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES CLASSIFICATION OF AUTOIMMUNE DISEAS CAUSES RISK FACTORS DIAGNOSIS TREATMENT GRAVES DIESEASE RHEUMATOID DISEASE RECENT RESEARCH
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AUTOIMMUNITY
Autoimmunity is the failure of an organism to recognize its own
constituent parts as self, which results in an immune response against its own
cells and tissues.
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AUTO IMMUNE DISEASES
Autoimmune diseases are disorders in which the body's immune system reacts against
some of its own tissue and produces antibodies to attack itself.
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AUTO ANTIBODIES
Auto antibodies are the antibodies that attack its own cells, tissues, and/or organs. This causes inflammation and damage and it
leads to autoimmune disorders.
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PROMINENT EXAMPLES COELIAC DISEASE DIABETES MELLITUS TYPE 1 (IDDM), SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS (SLE), SJÖGREN'S SYNDROME CHURG-STRAUSS SYNDROME HASHIMOTO'S THYROIDITIS GRAVES' DISEASE RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS (RA).
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HISTORY
Paul Ehrlich, at the beginning of the twentieth century, proposed the concept of horror
autotoxicus, where in a 'normal' body does not mount an immune response against its
own tissues. Thus, any autoimmune response was perceived to be abnormal
and postulated to be connected with human disease.
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DESCRIPTION
The immune system is a network of organs, cells and molecules that work together to defend the body against attacks by foreign (not of the body) invaders such as germs, bacteria, viruses, parasites and fungi.
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In general terms, when antibodies are directed against the body's own cells, or when B and T cells attack and destroy their own body's cells and not foreign antigens, an autoimmune disorder can result
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The autoimmune process can have varied consequences. For example,
slow destruction of a particular type of cell or tissue.
stimulation of an organ into excessive growth or interference in its functions.
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THYROID PANCREAS ADRENAL GLANDS RED BLOOD CELLS CONNECTIVE TISSUES
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CLASSIFICATION OF AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE
Autoimmune disorders fall into two general types:
Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Localized Autoimmune Diseases
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Systemic Autoimmune Diseases
Non-organ-specific or Systemic Autoimmune Diseases are those that damage many organs .
For example, Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), Sjogren's syndrome Lupus Erythematosus Scleroderma,
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Localized Autoimmune Diseases
Organ-specific or Localized Autoimmune Diseases are those where only a single organ or tissue is directly damaged by the autoimmune process .For example
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, Celiac disease, Crohn's disease.
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In some cases, a person may have more than one autoimmune disease; for example, persons with Addison's disease often have type 1 diabetes, while persons with sclerosing cholangitis often have ulcerative colitis.
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In some cases, the antibodies may not be directed at a specific tissue or organ; for example, antiphospholipid antibodies can react with clotting proteins in the blood, leading to formation of blood clots within the blood vessels (thrombosis).
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AUTOIMMUNITY LEVEL
High level of autoimmunity is unhealthy, a low level of autoimmunity may actually be beneficial.
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CAUSES
The cause of autoimmune diseases is unknown, but it appears that there is an inherited predisposition to develop autoimmune disease in many cases.
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In a few types of autoimmune disease (such as rheumatic fever), a bacteria or virus triggers an immune response, and the antibodies or T-cells attack normal cells because they have some part of their structure that resembles a part of the structure of the infecting microorganism.
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RISK FACTORS: Genetic factor , Environmental toxins, Gender, Heredity, viruses, Drugs, Stress, poor diet, lack of exercise, lack of sleep, abuse of alcohol and use of tobacco.
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Genetic Factors:
Three main sets of genes are suspected in many autoimmune diseases. These genes are related to:
Immunoglobulins T-cell receptors The major histocompatibility
complexes(MHC).
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Gender:
A person's sex also seems to have a major role in the development of autoimmunity.
most of the known autoimmune diseases tend to show a female preponderance.
Ankylosing spondylitis,male preponderance Crohn's disease, males and females
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SYMPTOMS OF AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES.
The symptoms and signs vary by specific autoimmune disease. The common symptoms are:
Fatigue Affect on Weight Muscle pain Insomnia(not able to sleep) Inflammation
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DIAGNOSIS OF AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES.
Autoantibody blood tests blood tests to measure inflammation
and organ function clinical presentation X-rays
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TREATMENT OF AUTOIMMUNE DISEASESTREATMENT OF AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES
Immunosuppressant drugs Immunosuppressant drugs
- to inhibit the activity of the immune system. - to inhibit the activity of the immune system. Helminthic therapyHelminthic therapy
--inoculation of the patient with specific parasitic intestinal nematodes
Radiation of the lymph nodes and plasmapheresis
Treatment for the deficiency Treatment for the deficiency - for example, insulin injections in the case of for example, insulin injections in the case of
diabetes. diabetes.
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Treatment of Autoimmune DiseasesTreatment of Autoimmune Diseases
Anti-inflammatory drugs Anti-inflammatory drugs
-to reduce inflammation and pain. -to reduce inflammation and pain. Corticosteroids Corticosteroids
- to reduce inflammation. They are sometimes - to reduce inflammation. They are sometimes used to treat an acute flare of symptoms. used to treat an acute flare of symptoms.
Pain-killing medication Pain-killing medication
- such as paracetamol and codeine.- such as paracetamol and codeine.