aim: were the islamic empires successful? do now: do you think religion should be involved in...
TRANSCRIPT
AIM: Were the Islamic AIM: Were the Islamic Empires successful?Empires successful?
DO NOW: Do you think DO NOW: Do you think religion should be involved religion should be involved
in government? Explain.in government? Explain.
The Ottoman EmpireThe Ottoman Empire Rise of the Ottoman Turks
Osman (1280-1326); leader of Osman Turks
Expansion of the EmpireExpansion of the Empire
Bayazid I(1389-1402) Mehmet II (1451-1481) The Takeover of Constantinople, 1453 The Advance into Western Asia and Africa
Selim I (1512-1520) Gain control over Mesopotamia and Northern
Africa
Turkish Expansion in EuropeTurkish Expansion in Europe
Suleiman I the Magnificent (1520-1566) Belgrade, 1521 Battle of Mohács, 1526 Vienna, 1529
Turkish defeated by the Spanish at Lepanto, 1571 Vienna, 1683
Nature of Turkish RuleNature of Turkish Rule Sultan: ruler of the empire Devshirme
trained children in Islam Trained for leadership positions
Harem (Private domain of the sultan) Wives of the sultan Women of the harem often exercised influence Educated and trained
Administration of the Government Grand Vezir, the chief minister Provinces and districts governed by officials
who combined civil and military functions Senior officials assigned land by the sultan
The Ottoman EmpireThe Ottoman Empire
Religion and Society in the Religion and Society in the Ottoman WorldOttoman World
The Ottoman ruling elites were Sunni Muslims Claimed the title of caliph Had to uphold the Shari’a, Islamic Law
Sufism The Treatment of Minorities
Non-Muslims- Orthodox Christians (Greeks and Slavs, Jews, Armenian Christians
Position of women
Ottomans in DeclineOttomans in Decline Battle of Carlowitz, 1699
Reasons for decline Administrative system began to break down Changes in the devshirme system Corruption
Material affluence and impact of western ideas and customs
Weak rulers
Ottoman Annotation with QuestionsOttoman Annotation with Questions
Step #1: Read and annotate text Step #2: Answer the Guiding Questions Step #3: Report Card = Pass or Fail! 1. Leadership: Ruling the Empire 2. Treatment of People 3. Society (Arts, Literature)
AIM: Were the Islamic Empires AIM: Were the Islamic Empires successful?successful?
DO NOW: Take out your DO NOW: Take out your homework. Who was Sulieman homework. Who was Sulieman
the Magnificent? Does he the Magnificent? Does he deserve his title? Explain.deserve his title? Explain.
HomeworkHomework
Go over responses and check for credit Create An outline of the Ottoman Empire 1. Beginnings 2. Expansions 3. Important leaders 4. Social Structure (INCLUDE JANIZARIES)
The SafavidThe Safavid
Shah Ismail (1487-1524) Was Sufi Seized much of Iran and Iraq, 1501 Sent Shi’ite preachers into Anatolia
Ottomans attack Shah Abbas I, the Great, 1850’s Safavid forced to move capital Safavid reach the zenith of their glory
Problems following Abbas, the Great
The Ottoman and Safavid Empires, The Ottoman and Safavid Empires, c. 1683c. 1683
Safavid, cont’dSafavid, cont’d Safavid Politics and Society
Used Islam as a unifying force
Pyramidal political system, shah at the top
Economy of commerce and manufacturing
Safavid Art and Literature Isfahan Textiles
• Silk weaving Painting
Safavid SheetSafavid Sheet
Text Outline
The Mughal EmpireThe Mughal Empire
The Grandeur of the MughalsThe Grandeur of the Mughals The Founding of the Empire Mughal Dynasty: A “Gunpowder Empire”?
Babur (1483-1530)• Captures Delhi in 1526 and thus control of the
northern plains Humayun (1530-1556)
• Was forced to flee in 1540• Recaptures Delhi in 1555
Akbar (1556-1605)• Expansion under Akbar
The Mughals, cont’dThe Mughals, cont’d Akbar and Indo-Muslim Civilization Religion
Religious tolerance Din-I-ilahi (Divine Faith)
Society and the Economy Upper ranks – nonnative Muslims Lower ranks – Hindus Paid salaries but later assigned agricultural land and can collect
taxes in lieu of salary Zamindars, officials paid rest of taxes to government Mughal legal system
• Hindu laws applied to areas settled by Hindus• Hindus no longer paid jizya, poll tax on non-Muslims
Twilight of the MughalsTwilight of the Mughals Jahangir (1605-1628)
In early years strengthened central control Court falls under influence of one of his wives
The Reign of Shah Jahan (1628-1657) Killed all his rivals when he came to the throne Expanded the boundaries Growing domestic problems Taj Mahal
Rule of Augangzeb (1658-1707) Reforms and religious intolerance Rebellions
Decline of the MughalsDecline of the Mughals
Draining of the imperial treasury Decline in the competence of Mughal
rulers Loosely knit principalities Unwillingness of the wealthy to accept
authority
Akbar’s ReignAkbar’s Reign
Long period of peace and political stability Commerce and manufacturing flourished Foreign trade thrived Tariffs on imports low Foreign commerce handled by Arab traders
because Indians did not care for travel by sea Internal trade dominated by merchant castes
Impact of Western Power in Impact of Western Power in IndiaIndia The Portuguese arrived first
The English arrive at Surat in 1608 Send an ambassador in 1616 Fort William (Calcutta)
Dutch and French Joseph François Dupleix Pondicherry
Continued English activities Sir Robert Clive British East India Company Battle of Plassey, 1757 British began to consolidate control
Economic DifficultiesEconomic Difficulties East India Company’s takeover of vast landholdings a
disaster for Indian economy Transfer of capital from local Indian aristocracy to
company officials, who sent profits back to England Destruction of local industries because British goods
imported duty-free British expansion hurt peasants British law meant people who couldn’t pay tax lost their
land Series of massive famines led to death of 1/3 population
Society and Economy Society and Economy under the Mughalsunder the Mughals
Position of women• Mix of Hindu, Muslim, and tribal practices• purdah
Women in commerce Hindus efforts to defend themselves Commercialization of India
The Economy Long-term stability led to increasing
commercialization and spread of wealth Mughal era – affluent landed gentry and prosperous
merchant class British rule – prominent Indians established
commercial relationships with foreigners
Mughal CultureMughal Culture
Islamic combined with Persian and indigenous influences
ArchitectureThe most visible achievementThe Taj Mahal; Humayun’s
mausoleum